Wealth Waste And Alienation

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Wealth, Waste, and Alienation

Author : Kenneth Warren
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
ISBN 13 : 9780822970545
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Wealth, Waste, and Alienation by : Kenneth Warren

Download or read book Wealth, Waste, and Alienation written by Kenneth Warren and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2001-01-15 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The southwestern Pennsylvania town of Connellsville lay in the middle of a massive reserve of high quality coal. Connellsville coal was so soft and easily worked that one man and a boy could cut and load ten tons of it in ten hours. This region became a major source of coke, a vital material in industrial processes, above all in steel manufacture, producing forty-seven percent of America`s supply in 1913. But by the 1920s, what had seemed to be a gold mine was turning into a devastating economic, environmental and social loss. In Wealth, Waste and Alienation, Kenneth Warren draws from primary source material, including the minutes and letters of the Carnegie Steel Company, the United States Steel Corporation, and the archives of Henry Clay Frick, to explain the birth, phenomenal growth, decline and death of the Connellsville coke industry. Its rich natural resources produced wealth for individuals, companies, and some communities, but as Warren shows, there was also social alienation, waste, and devastation of the natural environment. The complicated structure of enterprise, capital, and labor which made this region flourish unwound almost as quickly as it arose, creating repercussions that are still reverberating in what's left of Connellsville today, a kind of postindustrial rural shell of its former productive glory.

Wealth, Waste, and Alienation

Author : Kenneth Warren
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781306867313
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (673 download)

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Book Synopsis Wealth, Waste, and Alienation by : Kenneth Warren

Download or read book Wealth, Waste, and Alienation written by Kenneth Warren and published by . This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The southwestern Pennsylvania town of Connellsville lay in the middle of a massive reserve of high quality coal. Connellsville coal was so soft and easily worked that one man and a boy could cut and load ten tons of it in ten hours. This region became a major source of coke, a vital material in industrial processes, above all in steel manufacture, producing forty-seven percent of Americas supply in 1913. But by the 1920s, what had seemed to be a gold mine was turning into a devastating economic, environmental and social loss. In "Wealth, Waste and Alienation," Kenneth Warren draws from primary source material, including the minutes and letters of the Carnegie Steel Company, the United States Steel Corporation, and the archives of Henry Clay Frick, to explain the birth, phenomenal growth, decline and death of the Connellsville coke industry. Its rich natural resources produced wealth for individuals, companies, and some communities, but as Warren shows, there was also social alienation, waste, and devastation of the natural environment. The complicated structure of enterprise, capital, and labor which made this region flourish unwound almost as quickly as it arose, creating repercussions that are still reverberating in what s left of Connellsville today, a kind of postindustrial rural shell of its former productive glory. "

Big Steel

Author : Kenneth Warren
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
ISBN 13 : 0822970597
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Big Steel by : Kenneth Warren

Download or read book Big Steel written by Kenneth Warren and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2001-07-15 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At its formation in 1901, the United States Steel Corporation was the earth's biggest industrial corporation, a wonder of the manufacturing world. Immediately it produced two thirds of America's raw steel and thirty percent of the steel made worldwide. The behemoth company would go on to support the manufacturing superstructure of practically every other industry in America. It would create and sustain the economies of many industrial communities, especially Pittsburgh, employing more than a million people over the course of the century. A hundred years later, the U.S. Steel Group of USX makes scarcely ten percent of the steel in the United States and just over one and a half percent of global output. Far from the biggest, the company is now considered the most efficient steel producer in the world. What happened between then and now, and why, is the subject of Big Steel, the first comprehensive history of the company at the center of America's twentieth-century industrial life.Granted privileged and unprecedented access to the U.S. Steel archives, Kenneth Warren has sifted through a long, complex business history to tell a compelling story. Its preeminent size was supposed to confer many advantages to U.S. Steel—economies of scale, monopolies of talent, etc. Yet in practice, many of those advantages proved illusory. Warren shows how, even in its early years, the company was out-maneuvered by smaller competitors and how, over the century, U.S. Steel's share of the industry, by every measure, steadily declined. Warren's subtle analysis of years of internal decision making reveals that the company's size and clumsy hierarchical structure made it uniquely difficult to direct and manage. He profiles the chairmen who grappled with this "lumbering giant," paying particular attention to those who long ago created its enduring corporate culture—Charles M. Schwab, Elbert H. Gary, and Myron C. Taylor.Warren points to the way U.S. Steel's dominating size exposed it to public scrutiny and government oversight—a cautionary force. He analyzes the ways that labor relations affected company management and strategy. And he demonstrates how U.S. Steel suffered gradually, steadily, from its paradoxical ability to make high profits while failing to keep pace with the best practices. Only after the drastic pruning late in the century—when U.S. Steel reduced its capacity by two-thirds—did the company become a world leader in steel-making efficiency, rather than merely in size. These lessons, drawn from the history of an extraordinary company, will enrich the scholarship of industry and inform the practice of business in the twenty-first century.

Devastation and Renewal

Author : Joel A. Tarr
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
ISBN 13 : 0822972867
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Devastation and Renewal by : Joel A. Tarr

Download or read book Devastation and Renewal written by Joel A. Tarr and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2004-08-11 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every city has an environmental story, perhaps none so dramatic as Pittsburgh's. Founded in a river valley blessed with enormous resources-three strong waterways, abundant forests, rich seams of coal-the city experienced a century of exploitation and industrialization that degraded and obscured the natural environment to a horrific degree. Pittsburgh came to be known as "the Smoky City," or, as James Parton famously declared in 1866, "hell with the lid taken off."Then came the storied Renaissance in the years following World War II, when the city's public and private elites, abetted by technological advances, came together to improve the air and renew the built environment. Equally dramatic was the sweeping deindustrialization of Pittsburgh in the 1980s, when the collapse of the steel industry brought down the smokestacks, leaving vast tracks of brownfields and riverfront. Today Pittsburgh faces unprecedented opportunities to reverse the environmental degradation of its history. In Devastation and Renewal, scholars of the urban environment post questions that both complicate and enrich this story. Working from deep archival research, they ask not only what happened to Pittsburgh's environment, but why. What forces-economic, political, and cultural-were at work? In exploring the disturbing history of pollution in Pittsburgh, they consider not only the sooty skies, but also the poisoned rivers and creeks, the mined hills, and scarred land. Who profited and who paid for such "progress"? How did the environment Pittsburghers live in come to be, and how it can be managed for the future?In a provocative concluding essay, Samuel P. Hays explores Pittsburgh's "environmental culture," the attitudes and institutions that interpret a city's story and work to create change. Comparing Pittsburgh to other cities and regions, he exposes exaggerations of Pittsburgh's environmental achievement and challenges the community to make real progress for the future. A landmark contribution to the emerging field of urban environmental history, Devastation and Renewal will be important to all students of cities, of cultures, and of the natural world.

Making Industrial Pittsburgh Modern

Author : Edward K. Muller
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 082298699X
Total Pages : 473 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Making Industrial Pittsburgh Modern by : Edward K. Muller

Download or read book Making Industrial Pittsburgh Modern written by Edward K. Muller and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2019-10-22 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pittsburgh’s explosive industrial and population growth between the mid-nineteenth century and the Great Depression required constant attention to city-building. Private, profit-oriented firms, often with government involvement, provided necessary transportation, energy resources, and suitable industrial and residential sites. Meeting these requirements in the region’s challenging hilly topographical and riverine environment resulted in the dramatic reshaping of the natural landscape. At the same time, the Pittsburgh region’s free market, private enterprise emphasis created socio-economic imbalances and badly polluted the air, water, and land. Industrial stagnation, temporarily interrupted by wars, and then followed deindustrialization inspired the formation of powerful public-private partnerships to address the region’s mounting infrastructural, economic, and social problems. The sixteen essays in Making Industrial Pittsburgh Modern examine important aspects of the modernizing efforts to make Pittsburgh and Southwestern Pennsylvania a successful metropolitan region. The city-building experiences continue to influence the region’s economic transformation, spatial structure, and life experience.

Hope in Hard Times

Author : Timothy Kelly
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271078065
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Hope in Hard Times by : Timothy Kelly

Download or read book Hope in Hard Times written by Timothy Kelly and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2016-06-03 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of the many recipients of federal support during the Great Depression, the citizens of Norvelt, Pennsylvania, stand out as model reminders of the vital importance of New Deal programs. Hoping to transform their desperate situation, the 250 families of this western Pennsylvania town worked with the federal government to envision a new kind of community that would raise standards of living through a cooperative lifestyle and enhanced civic engagement. Their efforts won them a nearly mythic status among those familiar with Norvelt’s history. Hope in Hard Times explores the many transitions faced by those who undertook this experiment. With the aid of the New Deal, these residents, who hailed from the hardworking and underserved class that Jacob Riis had called the “other half” a generation earlier, created a middle-class community that would become an exemplar of the success of such programs. Despite this, many current residents of Norvelt—the children and grandchildren of the first inhabitants—oppose government intervention and support political candidates who advocate scrutinizing and even eliminating public programs. Authors Timothy Kelly, Margaret Power, and Michael Cary examine this still-unfolding narrative of transformation in one Pennsylvania town, and the struggles and successes of its original residents, against the backdrop of one of the most ambitious federal endeavors in U.S. history.

Traces of Old Sharpsville

Author : Ralph C. Mehler
Publisher : Sharpsville Area Historical Society
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Traces of Old Sharpsville by : Ralph C. Mehler

Download or read book Traces of Old Sharpsville written by Ralph C. Mehler and published by Sharpsville Area Historical Society. This book was released on 2024-04-05 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though just a small town, Sharpsville has had an outsized influence on the American iron industry. This book tells that story, plus many more—the canal that gave the town its start, its railroads, the personalities who lived here, the churches and clubs, its ethnic heritage, sports heroes, long-gone landmarks and institutions, and the traditions that make Sharpsville unique. Events, whether of local note or part of national trends, are here recounted. More than just an account of town lore, this is a thoroughly researched book that gives the reader an insight into life here in years past, from a variety of perspectives. Anyone who lives in the Shenango Valley will find interest in these pages—as will someone who has since moved away but whose heart still remains here. The short articles contained within this book are grouped into themed chapters. With many not-seen-before photos, it makes for an enjoyable and readable account of this little burg in times past.

Mastering Iron

Author : Anne Kelly Knowles
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226448592
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis Mastering Iron by : Anne Kelly Knowles

Download or read book Mastering Iron written by Anne Kelly Knowles and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-01-15 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Veins of iron run deep in the history of America. Iron making began almost as soon as European settlement, with the establishment of the first ironworks in colonial Massachusetts. Yet it was Great Britain that became the Atlantic world’s dominant low-cost, high-volume producer of iron, a position it retained throughout the nineteenth century. It was not until after the Civil War that American iron producers began to match the scale and efficiency of the British iron industry. In Mastering Iron, Anne Kelly Knowles argues that the prolonged development of the US iron industry was largely due to geographical problems the British did not face. Pairing exhaustive manuscript research with analysis of a detailed geospatial database that she built of the industry, Knowles reconstructs the American iron industry in unprecedented depth, from locating hundreds of iron companies in their social and environmental contexts to explaining workplace culture and social relations between workers and managers. She demonstrates how ironworks in Alabama, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia struggled to replicate British technologies but, in the attempt, brought about changes in the American industry that set the stage for the subsequent age of steel. Richly illustrated with dozens of original maps and period art work, all in full color, Mastering Iron sheds new light on American ambitions and highlights the challenges a young nation faced as it grappled with its geographic conditions.

Industrial Genius

Author : Kenneth Warren
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
ISBN 13 : 0822971143
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Industrial Genius by : Kenneth Warren

Download or read book Industrial Genius written by Kenneth Warren and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2007-02-18 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Charles Schwab was known to his employees, business associates, and competitors as a congenial and charismatic person-a 'born salesman.' Yet Schwab was much more than a salesman-he was a captain of industry, a man who streamlined and economized the production of steel and ran the largest steelmaking conglomerate in the world. A self-made man, he became one of the wealthiest Americans during the Gilded Age, only to die penniless in 1939.Schwab began his career as a stake driver at Andrew Carnegie's Edgar Thomson steel works in Pittsburgh at the age of seventeen. By thirty-five, he was president of Carnegie Steel. In 1901, he helped form the U.S. Steel Corporation, a company that produced well over half the nation's iron and steel. In 1904, Schwab left U.S. Steel to head Bethlehem Steel, which after twelve years under his leadership, became the second-largest steel producer in America. President Woodrow Wilson called on Schwab to head the Emergency Fleet Corporation to produce merchant ships for the transport of troops and materials abroad during World War I.Kenneth Warren presents a compelling biography that chronicles the startling success of Schwab's business career, his leadership abilities, and his drive to advance steel-making technology and operations. Through extensive research and use of previously unpublished archival documentation, Warren offers a new perspective on the life of a monumental figure-a true visionary-in the industrial history of America.

Bethlehem Steel

Author : Kenneth Warren
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Bethlehem Steel by : Kenneth Warren

Download or read book Bethlehem Steel written by Kenneth Warren and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 19th century, rails from Bethlehem Steel helped build the United States into the world's foremost economy. During the 1890s, Bethlehem became America's leading supplier of heavy armaments, and by 1914, it had pioneered new methods of structural steel manufacture that transformed urban skylines. Demand for its war materials during World War I provided the finance for Bethlehem to become the world's second-largest steel maker. As late as 1974, the company achieved record earnings of $342 million. But in the 1980s and 1990s, through wildly fluctuating times, losses outweighed gains, and Bethlehem struggled to downsize and reinvest in newer technologies. By 2001, in financial collapse, it reluctantly filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. Two years later, International Steel Group acquired the company for $1.5 billion. In Bethlehem Steel, Kenneth Warren presents an original and compelling history of a leading American company, examining the numerous factors contributing to the growth of this titan and those that eventually felled it--along with many of its competitors in the U.S. steel industry. Warren considers the investment failures, indecision and slowness to abandon or restructure outdated "integrated" plants plaguing what had become an insular, inward-looking management group. Meanwhile competition increased from more economical "mini mills" at home and from new, technologically superior plants overseas, which drove world prices down, causing huge flows of imported steel into the United States. Bethlehem Steel provides a fascinating case study in the transformation of a major industry from one of American dominance to one where America struggled to survive.

U.S. Steel and Gary, West Virginia

Author : Ronald G. Garay
Publisher : Univ. of Tennessee Press
ISBN 13 : 1572337974
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (723 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. Steel and Gary, West Virginia by : Ronald G. Garay

Download or read book U.S. Steel and Gary, West Virginia written by Ronald G. Garay and published by Univ. of Tennessee Press. This book was released on 2011-02-28 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This book is well written and meticulously documented; it will add significantly to the available literature on West Virginia’s industrial and community history. It should find a receptive audience among college and post- graduate scholars of industrial and labor history, West Virginia history, and Appalachian studies.” —John Lilly, editor, Goldenseal The company owned the houses. It owned the stores. It provided medical and governmental services. It provided practically all the jobs. Gary, West Virginia, a coal mining town in the southern part of the state, was a creation of U.S. Steel. And while the workers were not formally bound to the company, their fortunes—like that of their community—were inextricably tied to the success of U.S. Steel. Gary developed in the early twentieth century as U.S. Steel sought a new supply of raw material for its industrial operations. The rich Pocahontas coal field in remote southern West Virginia provided the carbon-rich, low-sulfur coal the company required. To house the thousands of workers it would import to mine that coal bed, U.S. Steel carved a town out of the mountain wilderness. The company was the sole reason for its existence. In this fascinating book, Ronald Garay tells the story of how industry-altering decisions made by U.S. Steel executives reverberated in the hollows of Appalachia. From the area’s industrial revolution in the early twentieth century to the peak of steel-making activity in the 1940s to the industry’s decline in the 1970s, U.S. Steel and Gary, West Virginia offers an illuminating example of how coal and steel paternalism shaped the eastern mountain region and the limited ways communities and their economies evolve. In telling the story of Gary, this volume freshly illuminates the stories of other mining towns throughout Appalachia. At once a work of passionate journalism and a cogent analysis of economic development in Appalachia, this work is a significant contribution to the scholarship on U.S. business history, labor history, and Appalachian studies. Ronald Garay, a professor emeritus of mass communication at Louisiana State University, is the author of Gordon McLendon: The Maverick of Radio and The Manship School: A History of Journalism Education at LSU.

The Illusory Boundary

Author : Martin Reuss
Publisher : University of Virginia Press
ISBN 13 : 0813929881
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis The Illusory Boundary by : Martin Reuss

Download or read book The Illusory Boundary written by Martin Reuss and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 2010-08-06 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compelling new book challenges the view that a clear and unwavering boundary exists between nature and technology. Rejecting this dichotomy, the contributors show how the history of each can be united in a constantly shifting panorama where definitions of "nature" and "technology" alter and overlap.

The Tycoons

Author : Charles R. Morris
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 1429935022
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis The Tycoons by : Charles R. Morris

Download or read book The Tycoons written by Charles R. Morris and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2006-10-03 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Makes a reader feel like a time traveler plopped down among men who were by turns vicious and visionary."—The Christian Science Monitor The modern American economy was the creation of four men: Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, and J. P. Morgan. They were the giants of the Gilded Age, a moment of riotous growth that established America as the richest, most inventive, and most productive country on the planet. Acclaimed author Charles R. Morris vividly brings the men and their times to life. The ruthlessly competitive Carnegie, the imperial Rockefeller, and the provocateur Gould were obsessed with progress, experiment, and speed. They were balanced by Morgan, the gentleman businessman, who fought, instead, for a global trust in American business. Through their antagonism and their verve, they built an industrial behemoth—and a country of middle-class consumers. The Tycoons tells the incredible story of how these four determined men wrenched the economy into the modern age, inventing a nation of full economic participation that could not have been imagined only a few decades earlier.

Waste Tide

Author : Chen Qiufan
Publisher : Tor Books
ISBN 13 : 0765389312
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (653 download)

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Book Synopsis Waste Tide by : Chen Qiufan

Download or read book Waste Tide written by Chen Qiufan and published by Tor Books. This book was released on 2019-04-30 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A LOCUS AWARD FINALIST FOR BEST FIRST NOVEL Award-winning author Chen Qiufan's Waste Tide is a thought-provoking vision of the future. Translated by Ken Liu, who brought Cixin Liu's Hugo Award-winning The Three Body Problem to English-speaking readers. Mimi is drowning in the world's trash. She’s a waste worker on Silicon Isle, where electronics -- from cell phones and laptops to bots and bionic limbs — are sent to be recycled. These amass in towering heaps, polluting every spare inch of land. On this island off the coast of China, the fruits of capitalism and consumer culture come to a toxic end. Mimi and thousands of migrant waste workers like her are lured to Silicon Isle with the promise of steady work and a better life. They're the lifeblood of the island’s economy, but are at the mercy of those in power. A storm is brewing, between ruthless local gangs, warring for control. Ecoterrorists, set on toppling the status quo. American investors, hungry for profit. And a Chinese-American interpreter, searching for his roots. As these forces collide, a war erupts -- between the rich and the poor; between tradition and modern ambition; between humanity’s past and its future. Mimi, and others like her, must decide if they will remain pawns in this war or change the rules of the game altogether. "An accomplished eco-techno-thriller with heart and soul as well as brain. Chen Qiufan is an astute observer, both of the present world and of the future that the next generation is in danger of inheriting." – David Mitchell, New York Times bestselling author of Cloud Atlas

Official Report of Debates, House of Commons

Author : Canada. Parliament. House of Commons
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1222 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Official Report of Debates, House of Commons by : Canada. Parliament. House of Commons

Download or read book Official Report of Debates, House of Commons written by Canada. Parliament. House of Commons and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page 1222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Official Reports of the Debates of the House of Commons of the Dominion of Canada

Author : Canada. Parliament. House of Commons
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1216 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Official Reports of the Debates of the House of Commons of the Dominion of Canada by : Canada. Parliament. House of Commons

Download or read book Official Reports of the Debates of the House of Commons of the Dominion of Canada written by Canada. Parliament. House of Commons and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 1216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Norvelt

Author : Sandra Wolk Schimizzi
Publisher : Arcadia Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1439638403
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (396 download)

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Book Synopsis Norvelt by : Sandra Wolk Schimizzi

Download or read book Norvelt written by Sandra Wolk Schimizzi and published by Arcadia Publishing. This book was released on 2010-02-15 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1933, the town of Norvelt became the fourth of 99 planned subsistence homestead communities subsidized by the federal government as part of the National Industrial Recovery Act for dislocated miners and industrial workers. The American Field Service Committee was recruited to implement and build the subsistence project and established a work camp in the summer of 1934. More than 1,850 people applied for 250 lots, and the first 1,200 homesteaders helped build their own homes on a lease-to-purchase agreement. Homes were equipped with a grape arbor, 3.4 acres of land, and chicken coops. Cooperatively, homesteaders established community garden plots and raised livestock, hogs, and chickens. A format of cultural, political, and religious expression was provided to the residents, and through vintage photographs Norvelt: A New Deal Subsistence Homestead celebrates the remarkable life transformation the homesteaders were able to experience during the town's formative years.