Water Sanitation And Child Health

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Water, sanitation and child health: Evidence from subnational panel data in 59 countries

Author : Headey, Derek D.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Water, sanitation and child health: Evidence from subnational panel data in 59 countries by : Headey, Derek D.

Download or read book Water, sanitation and child health: Evidence from subnational panel data in 59 countries written by Headey, Derek D. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2018-08-24 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) investments are widely seen as essential for improving health in early childhood. However, the experimental literature on WASH interventions identifies inconsistent impacts on child health outcomes, with relatively robust impacts on diarrhea and other symptoms of infection, but weak and varying impacts on child nutrition. In contrast, observational research exploiting cross-sectional variation in water and sanitation access is much more sanguine, finding strong associations with diarrhea prevalence, mortality and stunting. In practice, both literatures suffer from significant methodological limitations. Experimental WASH evaluations are often subject to poor compliance, rural bias, and short duration of exposure, while cross-sectional observational evidence may be highly vulnerable to omitted variables bias. To overcome some of the limitations of both literatures, we construct a panel of 442 subnational regions in 59 countries with multiple Demographic Health Surveys. This large subnational panel is used to implement difference-in-difference regressions that allow us to examine whether longer term changes in water and sanitation at the subnational level predict improvements in child morbidity, mortality and nutrition. We find results that are partially consistent with both literatures. Improved water access is statistically insignificantly associated with most outcomes, although water piped into the dwelling predicts reductions in child stunting. Improvements in sanitation predict large reductions in diarrhea prevalence and child mortality, but are not associated with changes in stunting or wasting. We estimate that sanitation improvements can account for just under 10% of the decline in child mortality from 1990-2015.

Water, Sanitation and Child Health

Author : Derek Headey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (117 download)

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Book Synopsis Water, Sanitation and Child Health by : Derek Headey

Download or read book Water, Sanitation and Child Health written by Derek Headey and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Meeting the MDG Drinking Water and Sanitation Target

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Meeting the MDG Drinking Water and Sanitation Target by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Meeting the MDG Drinking Water and Sanitation Target written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The combination of safe drinking water and hygienic sanitation facilities is a precondition for health and for success in the fight against poverty, hunger, child deaths and gender inequality. In adopting the Millennium Development Goals, the countries of the world pledged to reduce by half the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. With the exception of sub-Saharan Africa, the world is well on its way to meeting the drinking water target by 2015, but progress in sanitation is stalled in many developing regions . This report provides the latest estimates and trends on where we stand today.--Publisher's description.

The Child Health Millennium Development Goal

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781843800637
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis The Child Health Millennium Development Goal by :

Download or read book The Child Health Millennium Development Goal written by and published by . This book was released on 2004* with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Global Health

Author : Ilona Kickbusch
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783030450083
Total Pages : 2881 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Global Health by : Ilona Kickbusch

Download or read book Handbook of Global Health written by Ilona Kickbusch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 2881 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global health is a rapidly emerging discipline with a transformative potential for public policy and international development. Emphasizing transnational health issues, global health aims to improve health and achieve health equity for all people worldwide. Its multidisciplinary scope includes contributions from many disciplines within and beyond the health sciences, including clinical medicine, public health, social and behavioral sciences, environmental sciences, economics, public policy, law and ethics. This large reference offers up-to-date information and expertise across all aspects of global health and helps readers to achieve a truly multidisciplinary understanding of the topics, trends as well as the clinical, socioeconomic and environmental drivers impacting global health. As a fully comprehensive, state-of-the-art and continuously updated, living reference, the Handbook of Global Health is an important, dynamic resource to provide context for global health clinical care, organizational decision-making, and overall public policy on many levels. Health workers, physicians, economists, environmental and social scientists, trainees and medical students as well as professionals and practitioners will find this handbook of great value.

Global Health Risks

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241563877
Total Pages : 71 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Health Risks by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Global Health Risks written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2009-10-28 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is a comprehensive assessment of leading risks to global health. It provides detailed global and regional estimates of premature mortality, disability and loss of health attributable to 24 global risk factors.--Publisher's description.

Health in Humanitarian Emergencies

Author : David Townes
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107062683
Total Pages : 509 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Health in Humanitarian Emergencies by : David Townes

Download or read book Health in Humanitarian Emergencies written by David Townes and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, best practices resource for public health and healthcare practitioners and students interested in humanitarian emergencies.

Water, Sanitation and Children's Health

Author : Isabel Gunther
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Water, Sanitation and Children's Health by : Isabel Gunther

Download or read book Water, Sanitation and Children's Health written by Isabel Gunther and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Why Poor Children Stay Sick

Author : Per Lindskog
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789178702381
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Poor Children Stay Sick by : Per Lindskog

Download or read book Why Poor Children Stay Sick written by Per Lindskog and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Global Issues in Water, Sanitation, and Health

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309138728
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Issues in Water, Sanitation, and Health by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Global Issues in Water, Sanitation, and Health written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-10-25 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the human population grows-tripling in the past century while, simultaneously, quadrupling its demand for water-Earth's finite freshwater supplies are increasingly strained, and also increasingly contaminated by domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastes. Today, approximately one-third of the world's population lives in areas with scarce water resources. Nearly one billion people currently lack access to an adequate water supply, and more than twice as many lack access to basic sanitation services. It is projected that by 2025 water scarcity will affect nearly two-thirds of all people on the planet. Recognizing that water availability, water quality, and sanitation are fundamental issues underlying infectious disease emergence and spread, the Institute of Medicine held a two-day public workshop, summarized in this volume. Through invited presentations and discussions, participants explored global and local connections between water, sanitation, and health; the spectrum of water-related disease transmission processes as they inform intervention design; lessons learned from water-related disease outbreaks; vulnerabilities in water and sanitation infrastructure in both industrialized and developing countries; and opportunities to improve water and sanitation infrastructure so as to reduce the risk of water-related infectious disease.

Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Nutrition in Bangladesh

Author : Iffat Mahmud
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464806993
Total Pages : 91 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Nutrition in Bangladesh by : Iffat Mahmud

Download or read book Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Nutrition in Bangladesh written by Iffat Mahmud and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2015-11-10 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1960s, it has been known that poor water and sanitation causes diarrhea, which consequently compromises child growth and leads to undernutrition. Ample evidence shows that poor water and sanitation causes diarrhea, but there is a growing body of knowledge discussing the magnitude of the impact of diarrhea on undernutrition. A recent hypothesis by Humphrey (2009), for example, states that the predominant impact of contaminated water and poor sanitation on undernutrition is via tropical/environmental enteropathy (triggered by exposure to fecal matter) rather than mediated by diarrhea. This new hypothesis has generated much debate, especially in the South Asia region, on the contribution of water and sanitation to the South Asian Nutrition Enigma. The region is characterized by unusually high rates of child undernutrition relative to its income level, as well as a slow reduction in undernutrition. Practitioners have struggled to decipher the reasons behind this 'anomaly.' This report provides a systematic review of the evidence to date, both published and grey literature, on the relationship between water and sanitation and nutrition. We also survey the potential impact of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) on undernutrition. This is the first report that undertakes a thorough review and discussion of WASH and nutrition in Bangladesh. The report is meant to serve two purposes. First, it synthesizes the results/evidence evolving on the pathway of WASH and undernutrition for use by practitioners working in the nutrition and water and sanitation sectors to stimulate technical discussions and effective collaboration among stakeholders. Second, this report serves as an advocacy tool, primarily for policy makers, to assist them in formulating a multisectoral approach to tackling the undernutrition problem.

Oxford Handbook of Humanitarian Medicine

Author : Amy Kravitz
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191059196
Total Pages : 1104 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Oxford Handbook of Humanitarian Medicine by : Amy Kravitz

Download or read book Oxford Handbook of Humanitarian Medicine written by Amy Kravitz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 1104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Humanitarian Medicine is a practical guide covering all aspects of the provision of care in humanitarian situations and complex emergencies. It includes evidence-based clinical guidance, aimed specifically at resource limited situations, as well as essential non-clinical information relevant for people working in field operations and development. The handbook provides clear recommendations, from the experts, on the unique challenges faced by health providers in humanitarian settings including clinical presentations for which conventional medical training offers little preparation. It provides guidance for syndromic management approaches, and includes practical guidance on the integration of context specific mental health care. The handbook goes beyond the clinical domain, however, and also provides detailed information on the contextual issues involved in humanitarian operations, including health systems design, priorities in displacement, security and logistics. It outlines the underlying drivers at play in humanitarian settings, including economics, gender based inequities, and violence, guiding the reader through the epidemiological approaches in varied scenarios. It details the relevance of international law, and its practical application in complex emergencies, and covers the changing picture of humanitarian operations, with increasingly complicated and chaotic contexts and the escalation of violence against humanitarian providers and facility. The Oxford Handbook of Humanitarian Medicine draws on the accumulated experience of humanitarian practitioners from a variety of disciplines and contexts to provide an easily accessible source of information to guide the reader through the complicated scenarios found in humanitarian settings.

Water, Sanitation and Children's Health

Author : Isabel Günther
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Water, Sanitation and Children's Health by : Isabel Günther

Download or read book Water, Sanitation and Children's Health written by Isabel Günther and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper combines 172 Demography and Health Survey data sets from 70 countries to estimate the effect of water and sanitation on child mortality and morbidity. The results show a robust association between access to water and sanitation technologies and both child morbidity and child mortality. The point estimates imply, depending on the technology level and the sub-region chosen, that water and sanitation infrastructure lowers the odds of children to suffering from diarrhea by 7-17 percent, and reduces the mortality risk for children under the age of five by about 5-20 percent. The effects seem largest for modern sanitation technologies and least significant for basic water supply. The authors also find evidence for the Mills-Reincke Multiplier for both water and sanitation access as well as positive health externalities for sanitation investments. The overall magnitude of the estimated effects appears smaller than coefficients reported in meta-studies based on randomized field trials, suggesting limits to the scalability and sustainability of the health benefits associated with water and sanitation interventions.

Water and Sanitation-Related Diseases and the Changing Environment

Author : Janine M. H. Selendy
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119416213
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Water and Sanitation-Related Diseases and the Changing Environment by : Janine M. H. Selendy

Download or read book Water and Sanitation-Related Diseases and the Changing Environment written by Janine M. H. Selendy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-02-06 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The revised and updated second edition of Water and Sanitation Related Diseases and the Changing Environment offers an interdisciplinary guide to the conditions responsible for water and sanitation related diseases. The authors discuss the pathogens, vectors, and their biology, morbidity and mortality that result from a lack of safe water and sanitation. The text also explores the distribution of these diseases and the conditions that must be met to reduce or eradicate them. The text includes contributions from authorities from the fields of climate change, epidemiology, environmental health, environmental engineering, global health, medicine, medical anthropology, nutrition, population, and public health. Covers the causes of individual diseases with basic information about the diseases and data on the distribution, prevalence, and incidence as well as interconnected factors such as environmental factors. The authors cover access to and maintenance of clean water, and guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta, and grey water, plus examples of solutions. Written for students, and professionals in infectious disease, public health and medicine, chemical and environmental engineering, and international affairs, the second edition of Water and Sanitation Related Diseases and the Changing Environment isa comprehensive resource to the conditions responsible for water and sanitation related diseases.

The Impact on Child Health from Access to Water and Sanitation and Other Socioeconomic Factors

Author : Gauri Khanna
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (837 download)

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Book Synopsis The Impact on Child Health from Access to Water and Sanitation and Other Socioeconomic Factors by : Gauri Khanna

Download or read book The Impact on Child Health from Access to Water and Sanitation and Other Socioeconomic Factors written by Gauri Khanna and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper we examine the impacts on child health, using diarrhoea as the health outcome, (amongst children living in households) with access to different types of water and sanitation facilities, and from socio-economic and child specific factors. Using cross-sectional health survey data for India, we employ the propensity score method to match children belonging to different treatment groups, defined by water types and sanitation facilities, with children in a control group. We also employ non-matching techniques to compare our results and to check for their robustness. Our results indicate that disease-specific awareness has strong marginal effects on reducing the predicted probabilities of diarrhoeal outcomes in young children, which are consistent across the models utilised. We also find disease-specific awareness to have the largest impact on reducing the burden of disease from diarrhoea across a select group of predictors. -- Diarrhoea ; Water ; Sanitation ; Propensity Score ; Matching Techniques

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Standards for Schools in Low-cost Settings

Author : John Adams
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241547790
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Standards for Schools in Low-cost Settings by : John Adams

Download or read book Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Standards for Schools in Low-cost Settings written by John Adams and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2009 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Diseases related to inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene are a huge burden in developing countries. It is estimated that 88% of diarrhoeal disease is caused by unsafe water supply, and inadequate sanitation and hygiene (WHO, 2004c). Many schools serve communities that have a high prevalence of diseases related to inadequate water supply, sanitation and hygiene, and where child malnutrition and other underlying health problems are common. Schools, particularly those in rural areas, often completely lack drinking-water and sanitation and handwashing facilities; alternatively, where such facilities do exist they are often inadequate in both quality and quantity. Schools with poor water, sanitation and hygiene conditions, and intense levels of person-to-person contact, are high-risk environments for children and staff, and exacerbate children's particular susceptibility to environmental health hazards. Children's ability to learn may be affected by inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene conditions in several ways. These include helminth infections (which affect hundreds of millions of school-age children), long-term exposure to chemical contaminants in water (e.g. lead and arsenic), diarrhoeal diseases and malaria infections, all of which force many schoolchildren to be absent from school. Poor environmental conditions in the classroom can also make both teaching and learning very difficult. Girls and boys are likely to be affected in different ways by inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene conditions in schools, and this may contribute to unequal learning opportunities. Sometimes, girls and female teachers are more affected than boys because the lack of sanitary facilities means that they cannot attend school during menstruation. The international policy environment increasingly reflects these issues. Providing adequate levels of water supply, sanitation and hygiene in schools is of direct relevance to the United Nations (UN) Millennium Development Goals of achieving universal primary education, promoting gender equality and reducing child mortality. It is also supportive of other goals, especially those on major diseases and infant mortality." - p. iii

Maternal Child Health Through Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

Author : Songa Jackson
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783659804878
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Maternal Child Health Through Water, Sanitation and Hygiene by : Songa Jackson

Download or read book Maternal Child Health Through Water, Sanitation and Hygiene written by Songa Jackson and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-13 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through the experience of countries that have drastically reduced their maternal mortality rates, we have learned much about the necessary policies and interventions. Access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene at home and in the clinic play a key role in reducing maternal mortality. Each year 290,000 women die from complications during pregnancy, birth and the neonatal period; and an estimated 10 to 20 million women suffer from related health complications. Almost 90% of the maternal deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Much of this is preventable through practices of hygiene that have long been established. There has been a reduction by one-third over the past 20 years. In part related to increase in safe deliveries by skilled personnel, reduced fertility and antenatal care. Unfortunately the burden of mortality and morbidity still falls disproportionately on the poor and remains a great challenge in low resourced countries. This book is intended for policy makers and primary healthcare practitioners working in low resource environments as a guide for promoting hygiene in maternal child health services.