Dollars and Dreams

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Author :
Publisher : New York : Russell Sage Foundation for the National Committee for Research on the 1980 Census
ISBN 13 : 9780871545237
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (452 download)

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Book Synopsis Dollars and Dreams by : Frank Levy

Download or read book Dollars and Dreams written by Frank Levy and published by New York : Russell Sage Foundation for the National Committee for Research on the 1980 Census. This book was released on 1987 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frank Levy's classic Dollars and Dreams offered an incisive analysis of the dramatic changes then taking place in the American standard of living. As wage stagnation and rising income inequality in the 1970s and early 80s began to undermine Americans' traditional economic optimism, Levy's book provided the first diagnosis of what he called the quiet depression. Since then, the US economy has made a dramatic comeback, but economic insecurity remains widespread. New technologies, increased immigration, and global competition have opened up a new economic playing field, one with new rules and new winners and losers. The New Dollars and Dreams explores this puzzling economic landscape, in which low unemployment goes hand in hand with sluggish wage growth and high income inequality. This completely revised and expanded version of Levy's original book offers an invaluable guide to the sweeping economic, social, and political changes that have remade life in the United States over the past twenty-five years. Levy tells a fascinating and insightful story about what happened to American incomes and jobs. His plot resists the simple truths of everyday journalism, and explains the economic and political twists and turns that have shaped the current American economy -- including the oil and food price inflations of the 1970s, the market deregulations and corporate downsizings of the 1980s, the emergence of women as sole breadwinners in many families, the migration of jobs to the suburbs, and the computerization of work. The New Dollars and Dreams illuminates the key sources of inequality, with chapters that examine the disparate employment progress of whites, minorities, men, and women, and it carefully investigates the claim that the concentration of very high incomes is the result of a winner- take-all economy. Although the growth of the service economy is often blamed for inequality, Levy locates a more fundamental cause in the rising educational and skill demands brought about by restructuring of work in all sectors of the economy. An important part of the story also involves the transformation of the American family from extended and two-parent households to those headed by single mothers and lone individuals. By making sense of these complex trends, The New Dollars and Dreams offers crucial insights into why, despite a thriving economy, many Americans no longer feel secure in their financial futures.

Wage Inequality in the U.S. During the 1980s

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Wage Inequality in the U.S. During the 1980s by : David S. Lee

Download or read book Wage Inequality in the U.S. During the 1980s written by David S. Lee and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Deunionization's Effect on Income Inequality in the United States in the 1980s

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Deunionization's Effect on Income Inequality in the United States in the 1980s by : Daniel Kornfeld

Download or read book Deunionization's Effect on Income Inequality in the United States in the 1980s written by Daniel Kornfeld and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Race between Education and Technology

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Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674037731
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis The Race between Education and Technology by : Claudia Goldin

Download or read book The Race between Education and Technology written by Claudia Goldin and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a careful historical analysis of the co-evolution of educational attainment and the wage structure in the United States through the twentieth century. The authors propose that the twentieth century was not only the American Century but also the Human Capital Century. That is, the American educational system is what made America the richest nation in the world. Its educational system had always been less elite than that of most European nations. By 1900 the U.S. had begun to educate its masses at the secondary level, not just in the primary schools that had remarkable success in the nineteenth century. The book argues that technological change, education, and inequality have been involved in a kind of race. During the first eight decades of the twentieth century, the increase of educated workers was higher than the demand for them. This had the effect of boosting income for most people and lowering inequality. However, the reverse has been true since about 1980. This educational slowdown was accompanied by rising inequality. The authors discuss the complex reasons for this, and what might be done to ameliorate it.

Understanding Increasing and Decreasing Wage Inequality

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (246 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Increasing and Decreasing Wage Inequality by : Andrew B. Bernard

Download or read book Understanding Increasing and Decreasing Wage Inequality written by Andrew B. Bernard and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses data on inequality within U.S. states to test hypotheses about the sources of rising wage inequality during the 1970s and 1980s. State labor markets are found to respond to local demand shocks in the short and medium run and to national (industry) demand shocks only after long intervals. The measure of wage inequality employed in the paper is the (log) ratio of the weekly wage at the 90th percentile to that at the 10th percentile in the state after controlling for observable characteristics of the workers. Individual states are found to have very different levels and changes of inequality. For example, Pennsylvania and Georgia had the second lowest and ninth highest 90-10 ratios respectively in 1970. By 1990, Georgia's 90-10 ratio had fallen 4% while Pennsylvania's had risen 21%. This paper finds that changes in industrial composition, in particular the loss of durable manufacturing jobs, are strongly correlated with inequality increases

Changes in Income Inequality Within U.S. Metropolitan Areas

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Author :
Publisher : W E Upjohn Inst for
ISBN 13 : 9780880992039
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Changes in Income Inequality Within U.S. Metropolitan Areas by : Janice Fanning Madden

Download or read book Changes in Income Inequality Within U.S. Metropolitan Areas written by Janice Fanning Madden and published by W E Upjohn Inst for. This book was released on 2000 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Examining changes in poverty rates, household income inequality, and wage inequality for 182 metropolitan statistical areas in the 1980s, Madden (urban studies and sociology, U. of Pennsylvania) specifically focuses on the effects of demographics, wages and salaries, and neighborhood or community isolation on income inequality. After presenting the results of the study she makes some policy recommendations for data analysis. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.

Urban Socio-Economic Segregation and Income Inequality

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303064569X
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Urban Socio-Economic Segregation and Income Inequality by : Maarten van Ham

Download or read book Urban Socio-Economic Segregation and Income Inequality written by Maarten van Ham and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-29 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book investigates the link between income inequality and socio-economic residential segregation in 24 large urban regions in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. It offers a unique global overview of segregation trends based on case studies by local author teams. The book shows important global trends in segregation, and proposes a Global Segregation Thesis. Rising inequalities lead to rising levels of socio-economic segregation almost everywhere in the world. Levels of inequality and segregation are higher in cities in lower income countries, but the growth in inequality and segregation is faster in cities in high-income countries. This is causing convergence of segregation trends. Professionalisation of the workforce is leading to changing residential patterns. High-income workers are moving to city centres or to attractive coastal areas and gated communities, while poverty is increasingly suburbanising. As a result, the urban geography of inequality changes faster and is more pronounced than changes in segregation levels. Rising levels of inequality and segregation pose huge challenges for the future social sustainability of cities, as cities are no longer places of opportunities for all.

Changes in the Structure of Family Income Inequality in the United States and Other Industrial Nations During the 1980s

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (221 download)

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Book Synopsis Changes in the Structure of Family Income Inequality in the United States and Other Industrial Nations During the 1980s by : McKinley L. Blackburn

Download or read book Changes in the Structure of Family Income Inequality in the United States and Other Industrial Nations During the 1980s written by McKinley L. Blackburn and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Unequal We Stand

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Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437934919
Total Pages : 61 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Unequal We Stand by : Jonathan Heathcote

Download or read book Unequal We Stand written by Jonathan Heathcote and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors conducted a systematic empirical study of cross-sectional inequality in the U.S., integrating data from various surveys. The authors follow the mapping suggested by the household budget constraint from individual wages to individual earnings, to household earnings, to disposable income, and, ultimately, to consumption and wealth. They document a continuous and sizable increase in wage inequality over the sample period. Changes in the distribution of hours worked sharpen the rise in earnings inequality before 1982, but mitigate its increase thereafter. Taxes and transfers compress the level of income inequality, especially at the bottom of the distribution, but have little effect on the overall trend. Charts and tables. This is a print-on-demand publication; it is not an original.

Long-Run Changes in the U.S. Wage Structure

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Long-Run Changes in the U.S. Wage Structure by : Claudia Goldin

Download or read book Long-Run Changes in the U.S. Wage Structure written by Claudia Goldin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. wage structure evolved across the last century: narrowing from 1910 to 1950, fairly stable in the 1950s and 1960s, widening rapidly during the 1980s, and quot;polarizingquot; since the late 1980s. We document the spectacular rise of U.S. wage inequality after 1980 and place recent changes into a century-long historical perspective to understand the sources of change. The majority of the increase in wage inequality since 1980 can be accounted for by rising educational wage differentials, just as a substantial part of the decrease in wage inequality in the earlier era can be accounted for by decreasing educational wage differentials. lt;brgt;lt;brgt;Although skill-biased technological change has generated rapid growth in the relative demand for more-educated workers for at least the past century, increases in the supply of skills, from rising educational attainment of the U.S. work force, more than kept pace for most of the twentieth century. Since 1980, however, a sharp decline in skill supply growth driven by a slowdown in the rise of educational attainment of successive U.S. born cohorts has been a major factor in the surge in educational wage differentials. Polarization set in during the late 1980s with employment shifts into high- and low-wage jobs at the expense of the middle leading to rapidly rising upper tail wage inequality but modestly falling lower tail wage inequality.

Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality

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Author :
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513547437
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality by : Ms.Era Dabla-Norris

Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality written by Ms.Era Dabla-Norris and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the extent of income inequality from a global perspective, its drivers, and what to do about it. The drivers of inequality vary widely amongst countries, with some common drivers being the skill premium associated with technical change and globalization, weakening protection for labor, and lack of financial inclusion in developing countries. We find that increasing the income share of the poor and the middle class actually increases growth while a rising income share of the top 20 percent results in lower growth—that is, when the rich get richer, benefits do not trickle down. This suggests that policies need to be country specific but should focus on raising the income share of the poor, and ensuring there is no hollowing out of the middle class. To tackle inequality, financial inclusion is imperative in emerging and developing countries while in advanced economies, policies should focus on raising human capital and skills and making tax systems more progressive.

Measuring Poverty

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309051282
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Measuring Poverty by : National Research Council

Download or read book Measuring Poverty written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-05-26 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year's poverty figures are anxiously awaited by policymakers, analysts, and the media. Yet questions are increasing about the 30-year-old measure as social and economic conditions change. In Measuring Poverty a distinguished panel provides policymakers with an up-to-date evaluation of: Concepts and procedures for deriving the poverty threshold, including adjustments for different family circumstances. Definitions of family resources. Procedures for annual updates of poverty measures. The volume explores specific issues underlying the poverty measure, analyzes the likely effects of any changes on poverty rates, and discusses the impact on eligibility for public benefits. In supporting its recommendations the panel provides insightful recognition of the political and social dimensions of this key economic indicator. Measuring Poverty will be important to government officials, policy analysts, statisticians, economists, researchers, and others involved in virtually all poverty and social welfare issues.

Income Inequality in the United States

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 51 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Income Inequality in the United States by : Sean E. Mulholland

Download or read book Income Inequality in the United States written by Sean E. Mulholland and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper we investigate the evolution of income inequality in the United States between 1980 and 2016. We find the drivers to be threefold: changes in the labor force composition, changes in household composition, and changes in market return to skills, with the latter two influences dominating this trend. We show that individual real wages grew from 1980 to 2016 throughout the entire wage distribution, indicating that the increase in wage income inequality does not stem from lower real wages at the bottom of the distribution but rather from relatively faster growth in compensation rates of high earners compared to the average earner. We apply a Mata-Machado decomposition to separately identify the contributions of changes in characteristics of workers in the US labor force and changes in returns to these characteristics. The results demonstrate that increasing education levels among the US population as well as increasing returns to education have played a significant role in the growth of wage income inequality, with the role of increasing returns to education dominating. Finally, the paper highlights several common omissions from previous inequality analyses that bias results upward, in particular nonwage compensation and dynamic behavioral responses to taxation incentives.

The Polarization of the U.S. Labor Market

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (255 download)

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Book Synopsis The Polarization of the U.S. Labor Market by : David H. Autor

Download or read book The Polarization of the U.S. Labor Market written by David H. Autor and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes a marked change in the evolution of the U.S. wage structure over the past fifteen years: divergent trends in upper-tail (90/50) and lower-tail (50/10) wage inequality. We document that wage inequality in the top half of distribution has displayed an unchecked and rather smooth secular rise for the last 25 years (since 1980). Wage inequality in the bottom half of the distribution also grew rapidly from 1979 to 1987, but it has ceased growing (and for some measures actually narrowed) since the late 1980s. Furthermore we find that occupational employment growth shifted from monotonically increasing in wages (education) in the 1980s to a pattern of more rapid growth in jobs at the top and bottom relative to the middles of the wage (education) distribution in the 1990s. We characterize these patterns as the "polarization" of the U.S. labor market, with employment polarizing into high-wage and low-wage jobs at the expense of middle-wage work. We show how a model of computerization in which computers most strongly complement the non-routine (abstract) cognitive tasks of high-wage jobs, directly substitute for the routine tasks found in many traditional middle-wage jobs, and may have little direct impact on non-routine manual tasks in relatively low-wage jobs can help explain the observed polarization of the U.S. labor market.

Top Incomes

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199286892
Total Pages : 799 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Top Incomes by : A. B. Atkinson

Download or read book Top Incomes written by A. B. Atkinson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-04 with total page 799 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together an exciting range of new studies of top incomes in a wide range of countries from around the world. The studies use data from income tax records to cast light on the dramatic changes that have taken place at the top of the income distribution. The results cover 22 countries and have a long time span, going back to 1875.

Approaches to Class Analysis

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781139444460
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (444 download)

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Book Synopsis Approaches to Class Analysis by : Erik Olin Wright

Download or read book Approaches to Class Analysis written by Erik Olin Wright and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-07-01 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few themes have been as central to sociology as 'class' and yet class remains a perpetually contested idea. Sociologists disagree not only on how best to define the concept of class but on its general role in social theory and indeed on its continued relevance to the sociological analysis of contemporary society. Some people believe that classes have largely dissolved in contemporary societies; others believe class remains one of the fundamental forms of social inequality and social power. Some see class as a narrow economic phenomenon whilst others adopt an expansive conception that includes cultural dimensions as well as economic conditions. This 2005 book explores the theoretical foundations of six major perspectives of class with each chapter written by an expert in the field. It concludes with a conceptual map of these alternative approaches by posing the question: 'If class is the answer, what is the question?'

The 9.9 Percent

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Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1982114207
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (821 download)

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Book Synopsis The 9.9 Percent by : Matthew Stewart

Download or read book The 9.9 Percent written by Matthew Stewart and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2021-10-12 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A “brilliant” (The Washington Post), “clear-eyed and incisive” (The New Republic) analysis of how the wealthiest group in American society is making life miserable for everyone—including themselves. In 21st-century America, the top 0.1% of the wealth distribution have walked away with the big prizes even while the bottom 90% have lost ground. What’s left of the American Dream has taken refuge in the 9.9% that lies just below the tip of extreme wealth. Collectively, the members of this group control more than half of the wealth in the country—and they are doing whatever it takes to hang on to their piece of the action in an increasingly unjust system. They log insane hours at the office and then turn their leisure time into an excuse for more career-building, even as they rely on an underpaid servant class to power their economic success and satisfy their personal needs. They have segregated themselves into zip codes designed to exclude as many people as possible. They have made fitness a national obsession even as swaths of the population lose healthcare and grow sicker. They have created an unprecedented demand for admission to elite schools and helped to fuel the dramatic cost of higher education. They channel their political energy into symbolic conflicts over identity in order to avoid acknowledging the economic roots of their privilege. And they have created an ethos of “merit” to justify their advantages. They are all around us. In fact, they are us—or what we are supposed to want to be. In this “captivating account” (Robert D. Putnam, author of Bowling Alone), Matthew Stewart argues that a new aristocracy is emerging in American society and it is repeating the mistakes of history. It is entrenching inequality, warping our culture, eroding democracy, and transforming an abundant economy into a source of misery. He calls for a regrounding of American culture and politics on a foundation closer to the original promise of America.