Voice And Inequality

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Unequal and Unrepresented

Author : Kay Lehman Schlozman
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691180555
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Unequal and Unrepresented by : Kay Lehman Schlozman

Download or read book Unequal and Unrepresented written by Kay Lehman Schlozman and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How American political participation is increasingly being shaped by citizens who wield more resources The Declaration of Independence proclaims equality as a foundational American value. However, Unequal and Unrepresented finds that political voice in America is not only unequal but also unrepresentative. Those who are well educated and affluent carry megaphones. The less privileged speak in a whisper. Relying on three decades of research and an enormous wealth of information about politically active individuals and organizations, Kay Schlozman, Henry Brady, and Sidney Verba offer a concise synthesis and update of their groundbreaking work on political participation. The authors consider the many ways that citizens in American democracy can influence public outcomes through political voice: by voting, getting involved in campaigns, communicating directly with public officials, participating online or offline, acting alone and in organizations, and investing their time and money. Socioeconomic imbalances characterize every form of political voice, but the advantage to the advantaged is especially pronounced when it comes to any form of political expression--for example, lobbying legislators or making campaign donations—that relies on money as an input. With those at the top of the ladder increasingly able to spend lavishly in politics, political action anchored in financial investment weighs ever more heavily in what public officials hear. Citing real-life examples and examining inequalities from multiple perspectives, Unequal and Unrepresented shows how disparities in political voice endanger American democracy today.

Voice and Inequality

Author : Carew Boulding
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197542166
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis Voice and Inequality by : Carew Boulding

Download or read book Voice and Inequality written by Carew Boulding and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-05-13 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first large-scale study of political participation in eighteen Latin American democracies, focusing on the political participation of the region's poorest citizens. Political regimes in Latin America have a long history of excluding poor people from politics. Today, the region's democracies survive in contexts that are still marked by deep poverty and some of the world's most severe socioeconomic inequalities. Keeping socioeconomic inequality from spilling over into political inequality is one of the core challenges facing these young democracies. In Voice and Inequality, Carew Boulding and Claudio Holzner offer the first large-scale empirical analysis of political participation in Latin America. They find that in recent years, most (but not all) countries in the region have achieved near equality of participation across wealth groups, and in some cases poor people participate more than wealthier individuals. How can this be, given the long history of excluding poor people from the political arena in Latin America? Boulding and Holzner argue that key institutions of democracy, namely civil society, political parties, and competitive elections, have an enormous impact on whether or not poor people turn out to vote, protest, and contact government officials. Far from being politically inert, under certain conditions the poorest citizens can act and speak for themselves with an intensity that far exceeds their modest socioeconomic resources. When voluntary organizations thrive in poor communities and when political parties focus their mobilization efforts on poor individuals, they respond with high levels of political activism. Poor people's activism also benefits from strong parties, robust electoral competition and well-functioning democratic institutions. Where electoral competition is robust and where the power of incumbents is constrained, the authors find higher levels of participation by poor individuals and more political equality. Precisely because the individual resource constraints that poor people face are daunting obstacles to political activism, Voice and Inequality focuses on the features of democratic politics that create opportunities for participation that have the strongest impact on poor people's political behavior. Ultimately, Voice and Inequality provides important insights about how the elusive goal of political equality can be achieved even in contexts of elevated poverty and inequality.

Voice and Equality

Author : Sidney Verba
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674942936
Total Pages : 668 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (429 download)

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Book Synopsis Voice and Equality by : Sidney Verba

Download or read book Voice and Equality written by Sidney Verba and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1995-09-26 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book confirms the idea put forth by Tocqueville that American democracy is rooted in civic voluntarism—citizens’ involvement in family, work, school, and religion, as well as in their political participation as voters, campaigners, protesters, or community activists. The authors analyze civic activity with a massive survey of 15,000 people.

The Unheavenly Chorus

Author : Kay Lehman Schlozman
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400841917
Total Pages : 726 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis The Unheavenly Chorus by : Kay Lehman Schlozman

Download or read book The Unheavenly Chorus written by Kay Lehman Schlozman and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-09 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why American democracy favors the affluent and educated Politically active individuals and organizations make huge investments of time, energy, and money to influence everything from election outcomes to congressional subcommittee hearings to local school politics, while other groups and individual citizens seem woefully underrepresented in our political system. The Unheavenly Chorus is the most comprehensive and systematic examination of political voice in America ever undertaken—and its findings are sobering. The Unheavenly Chorus is the first book to look at the political participation of individual citizens alongside the political advocacy of thousands of organized interests—membership associations such as unions, professional associations, trade associations, and citizens groups, as well as organizations like corporations, hospitals, and universities. Drawing on numerous in-depth surveys of members of the public as well as the largest database of interest organizations ever created—representing more than thirty-five thousand organizations over a twenty-five-year period—this book conclusively demonstrates that American democracy is marred by deeply ingrained and persistent class-based political inequality. The well educated and affluent are active in many ways to make their voices heard, while the less advantaged are not. This book reveals how the political voices of organized interests are even less representative than those of individuals, how political advantage is handed down across generations, how recruitment to political activity perpetuates and exaggerates existing biases, how political voice on the Internet replicates these inequalities—and more. In a true democracy, the preferences and needs of all citizens deserve equal consideration. Yet equal consideration is only possible with equal citizen voice. The Unheavenly Chorus reveals how far we really are from the democratic ideal and how hard it would be to attain it.

Voice and Equality

Author : Sidney Verba
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674268121
Total Pages : 663 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis Voice and Equality by : Sidney Verba

Download or read book Voice and Equality written by Sidney Verba and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1995-09-26 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book confirms Alexis de Tocqueville’s idea, dating back a century and a half, that American democracy is rooted in civil society. Citizens’ involvement in family, school, work, voluntary associations, and religion has a significant impact on their participation as voters, campaigners, donors, community activists, and protesters. The authors focus on the central issues of involvement: how people come to be active and the issues they raise when they do. They find fascinating differences along cultural lines, among African-Americans, Latinos, and Anglo-Whites, as well as between the religiously observant and the secular. They observe family activism moving from generation to generation, and they look into the special role of issues that elicit involvement, including abortion rights and social welfare. This far-reaching analysis, based on an original survey of 15,000 individuals, including 2,500 long personal interviews, shows that some individuals have a greater voice in politics than others, and that this inequality results not just from varying inclinations toward activity, but also from unequal access to vital resources such as education. Citizens’ voices are especially unequal when participation depends on contributions of money rather than contributions of time. This deeply researched study brilliantly illuminates the many facets of civic consciousness and action and confirms their quintessential role in American democracy.

Giving Voice

Author : Meryl Alper
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262035588
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Giving Voice by : Meryl Alper

Download or read book Giving Voice written by Meryl Alper and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-01-20 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How communication technologies meant to empower people with speech disorders—to give voice to the voiceless—are still subject to disempowering structural inequalities. Mobile technologies are often hailed as a way to “give voice to the voiceless.” Behind the praise, though, are beliefs about technology as a gateway to opportunity and voice as a metaphor for agency and self-representation. In Giving Voice, Meryl Alper explores these assumptions by looking closely at one such case—the use of the Apple iPad and mobile app Proloquo2Go, which converts icons and text into synthetic speech, by children with disabilities (including autism and cerebral palsy) and their families. She finds that despite claims to empowerment, the hardware and software are still subject to disempowering structural inequalities. Views of technology as a great equalizer, she illustrates, rarely account for all the ways that culture, law, policy, and even technology itself can reinforce disparity, particularly for those with disabilities. Alper explores, among other things, alternative understandings of voice, the surprising sociotechnical importance of the iPad case, and convergences and divergences in the lives of parents across class. She shows that working-class and low-income parents understand the app and other communication technologies differently from upper- and middle-class parents, and that the institutional ecosystem reflects a bias toward those more privileged. Handing someone a talking tablet computer does not in itself give that person a voice. Alper finds that the ability to mobilize social, economic, and cultural capital shapes the extent to which individuals can not only speak but be heard.

Voice and Inequality

Author : Carew Boulding
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019754214X
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis Voice and Inequality by : Carew Boulding

Download or read book Voice and Inequality written by Carew Boulding and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "How do poor people in Latin America participate in politics? What explains the variation in the patterns of voting, protesting, and contacting government for the region's poorest citizens? Why are participation gaps larger in some countries than in others? This book offers the first large scale empirical analysis of political participation in Latin America, focusing on patterns of participation among the poorest citizens in each country, and comparing those patterns to those of individuals with more resources. Far from being politically inert, under certain conditions the poorest citizens in Latin America can act and speak for themselves with an intensity that far exceeds their modest socioeconomic resources. We argue that key institutions of democracy, namely civil society, political parties, and competitive elections, have an enormous impact on whether or not poor people turn out to vote, protest, and contact government officials. When voluntary organizations thrive in poor communities and when political parties focus their mobilization efforts on poor individuals, they respond with high levels of political activism. Poor people's activism also benefits from strong parties, robust electoral competition and well-functioning democratic institutions. Where electoral competition is robust and where the power of incumbents is constrained, we see higher levels of participation by poor individuals and more political equality. Precisely because the individual resource constraints that poor people face are daunting obstacles to political activism, our explanation focuses on those features of democratic politics that create opportunities for participation that have the strongest effect on poor people's political behavior"--

Inequality and American Democracy

Author : Lawrence R. Jacobs
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 9780871544131
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (441 download)

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Book Synopsis Inequality and American Democracy by : Lawrence R. Jacobs

Download or read book Inequality and American Democracy written by Lawrence R. Jacobs and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2005-08-25 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In Inequality and American Democracy, editors Lawrence R. Jacobs and Theda Skocpol headline a distinguished group of political scientists in assessing whether rising economic inequality now threatens hard-won victories in the long struggle to achieve political equality in the United States." "Most Americans accept that the vagaries of the economy will produce some financial inequality, but also expect American democracy to guarantee equality of citizens, regardless of class. Inequality and American Democracy tackles the complex relationships between economic, social, and political inequality with authoritative insight, showcases a new generation of critical studies of American democracy, and highlights an issue of growing concern for the future of our democratic society."--BOOK JACKET.

Putting Inequality in Context

Author : Christopher Ellis
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 0472902512
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (729 download)

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Book Synopsis Putting Inequality in Context by : Christopher Ellis

Download or read book Putting Inequality in Context written by Christopher Ellis and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2021-03-11 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rising income inequality is highlighted as one of the largest challenges facing the United States, affecting civic participation and political representation. Although the wealthy often can and do exert more political influence, this is not always the case. To fix political inequality, it is important to understand exactly how class divisions manifest themselves in political outcomes, and what factors serve to enhance, or depress, inequalities in political voice. Christopher Ellis argues citizens’—and legislators’—views of class politics are driven by lived experience in particular communities. While some experience is formally political, on an informal basis citizens learn a great deal about their position in the broader socioeconomic spectrum and the social norms governing how class intersects with day-to-day life. These factors are important for policymakers, since most legislators do not represent “the public” at large, but specific constituencies. Focusing on U.S. congressional districts as the contextual unit of interest, Ellis argues individuals’ political behavior cannot be separated from their environment, and shows how income’s role in political processes is affected by the contexts in which citizens and legislators interact. Political inequality exists in the aggregate, but it does not exist everywhere. It is, rather, a function of specific arrangements that depress the political influence of the poor. Identifying and understanding these factors is a crucial step in thinking about what reforms might be especially helpful in enhancing equality of political voice.

Voice and Inequality

Author : Theda Skocpol
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Voice and Inequality by : Theda Skocpol

Download or read book Voice and Inequality written by Theda Skocpol and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Democratizing Inequalities

Author : Caroline W. Lee
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 1479880604
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (798 download)

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Book Synopsis Democratizing Inequalities by : Caroline W. Lee

Download or read book Democratizing Inequalities written by Caroline W. Lee and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2015-01-30 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Opportunities to “have your say,” “get involved,” and “join the conversation” are everywhere in public life. From crowdsourcing and town hall meetings to government experiments with social media, participatory politics increasingly seem like a revolutionary antidote to the decline of civic engagement and the thinning of the contemporary public sphere. Many argue that, with new technologies, flexible organizational cultures, and a supportive policymaking context, we now hold the keys to large-scale democratic revitalization. Democratizing Inequalities shows that the equation may not be so simple. Modern societies face a variety of structural problems that limit potentials for true democratization, as well as vast inequalities in political action and voice that are not easily resolved by participatory solutions. Popular participation may even reinforce elite power in unexpected ways. Resisting an oversimplified account of participation as empowerment, this collection of essays brings together a diverse range of leading scholars to reveal surprising insights into how dilemmas of the new public participation play out in politics and organizations. Through investigations including fights over the authenticity of business-sponsored public participation, the surge of the Tea Party, the role of corporations in electoral campaigns, and participatory budgeting practices in Brazil, Democratizing Inequalities seeks to refresh our understanding of public participation and trace the reshaping of authority in today’s political environment.

Political Inequality in an Age of Democracy

Author : Joshua Kjerulf Dubrow
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135102279
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Political Inequality in an Age of Democracy by : Joshua Kjerulf Dubrow

Download or read book Political Inequality in an Age of Democracy written by Joshua Kjerulf Dubrow and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-07-11 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world has witnessed the creation of new democracies and the maturing of old ones. Yet, everywhere there is democracy, there is also political inequality. Voices of everyday folk struggle to be heard; often, they keep silent. Governments respond mostly to the influential and the already privileged. Our age of democracy, then, is the old age of inequality. This book builds on U.S. scholarship on the topic of political inequality to understand its forms, causes and consequences around the world. Comprised of nine theoretical, methodological and empirical chapters, this path-creating edited collection contains original works by both established and young, up-and-coming social scientists, including those from Latin America, Eastern Europe, Greece and the U.S. Political Inequality in an Age of Democracy addresses the present and future of the concept of political inequality from multi-disciplinary and cross-national perspectives.

Voices of Modernity

Author : Richard Bauman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521008976
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Voices of Modernity by : Richard Bauman

Download or read book Voices of Modernity written by Richard Bauman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-07-03 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Language and tradition have long been relegated to the sidelines as scholars have considered the role of politics, science, technology and economics in the making of the modern world. This novel reading of over two centuries of philosophy, political theory, anthropology, folklore and history argues that new ways of imagining language and representing supposedly premodern people - the poor, labourers, country folk, non-europeans and women - made political and scientific revolutions possible. The connections between language ideologies, privileged linguistic codes, and political concepts and practices shape the diverse ways we perceive ourselves and others. Bauman and Briggs demonstrate that contemporary efforts to make schemes of social inequality based on race, gender, class and nationality seem compelling and legitimate, rely on deeply-rooted ideas about language and tradition. Showing how critics of modernity unwittingly reproduce these foundational fictions, they suggest new strategies for challenging the undemocratic influence of these voices of modernity.

Relational Inequalities

Author : Donald Tomaskovic-Devey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0190624426
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Relational Inequalities by : Donald Tomaskovic-Devey

Download or read book Relational Inequalities written by Donald Tomaskovic-Devey and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organizations are the dominant social invention for generating resources and distributing them. Relational Inequalities develops a general sociological and organizational analysis of inequality, exploring the processes that generate inequalities in access to respect, resources, and rewards. Framing their analysis through a relational account of social and economic life, Donald Tomaskovic-Devey and Dustin Avent-Holt explain how resources are generated and distributed both within and between organizations. They show that inequalities are produced through generic processes that occur in all social relationships: categorization and their resulting status hierarchies, organizational resource pooling, exploitation, social closure, and claims-making. Drawing on a wide range of case studies, Tomaskovic-Devey and Avent-Holt focus on the workplace as the primary organization for generating inequality and provide a series of global goals to advance both a comparative organizational research model and to challenge troubling inequalities.

The Participation Gap

Author : Russell J. Dalton
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192539914
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis The Participation Gap by : Russell J. Dalton

Download or read book The Participation Gap written by Russell J. Dalton and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-13 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dilemma of democracy arises from two contrasting trends. More people in the established democracies are participating in civil society activity, contacting government officials, protesting, and using online activism and other creative forms of participation. At the same time, the importance of social status as an influence on political activity is increasing. The democratic principle of the equality of voice is eroding. The politically rich are getting richer-and the politically needy have less voice. This book assembles an unprecedented set of international public opinion surveys to identify the individual, institutional, and political factors that produce these trends. New forms of activity place greater demands on participants, raising the importance of social status skills and resources. Civil society activity further widens the participation gap. New norms of citizenship shift how people participate. And generational change and new online forms of activism accentuate this process. Effective and representative government requires a participatory citizenry and equal voice, and participation trends are undermining these outcomes. The Participation Gap both documents the growing participation gap in contemporary democracies and suggests ways that we can better achieve their theoretical ideal of a participatory citizenry and equal voice.

Voice and Equality...

Author : Sidney Verba
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 640 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Voice and Equality... by : Sidney Verba

Download or read book Voice and Equality... written by Sidney Verba and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Deliberation and Development

Author : Patrick Heller
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464805024
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Deliberation and Development by : Patrick Heller

Download or read book Deliberation and Development written by Patrick Heller and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2015-07-13 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deliberation is the process by which a group of people, each with equal voice, can - via a process of discussion and debate - reach an agreement. Deliberation and Development attempts to do two things. First, it rethinks the role of deliberation in development and shows that it has potential well beyond a narrow focus on participatory projects. Deliberation, if properly instituted, has the potential to have a transformative effect on many if not all aspects of development, and especially in addressing problems of collective action, coordination, and entrenched inequality. This has broad implications both at the global and local level. Second, the book demonstrates that taking deliberation seriously calls for a different approach to both research and policy design and requires a much greater emphasis on the processes by which decisions are made, rather than an exclusive focus on the outcomes. Deliberation and Development contributes to a broader literature to understand the role of communicative processes in development.