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Virus Discovery By Metagenomics The Impossibilities
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Book Synopsis Virus Discovery by Metagenomics: The (Im)possibilities by : Bas E. Dutilh
Download or read book Virus Discovery by Metagenomics: The (Im)possibilities written by Bas E. Dutilh and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-10-25 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the late 1800s, the discovery of new viruses was a gradual process. Viruses were described one by one using a suite of techniques such as (electron) microscopy and viral culture. Investigators were usually interested in a disease state within an organism, and expeditions in viral ecology were rare. The advent of metagenomics using high-throughput sequencing has revolutionized not only the rate of virus discovery, but also the nature of the discoveries. For example, the viral ecology and etiology of many human diseases are being characterized, non-pathogenic viral commensals are ubiquitous, and the description of environmental viromes is making progress. This Frontiers in Virology Research Topic showcases how metagenomic and bioinformatic approaches have been combined to discover, classify and characterize novel viruses.
Book Synopsis Virus Discovery by Metagenomics: The (Im)possibilities by :
Download or read book Virus Discovery by Metagenomics: The (Im)possibilities written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the late 1800s, the discovery of new viruses was a gradual process. Viruses were described one by one using a suite of techniques such as (electron) microscopy and viral culture. Investigators were usually interested in a disease state within an organism, and expeditions in viral ecology were rare. The advent of metagenomics using high-throughput sequencing has revolutionized not only the rate of virus discovery, but also the nature of the discoveries. For example, the viral ecology and etiology of many human diseases are being characterized, non-pathogenic viral commensals are ubiquitous, and the description of environmental viromes is making progress. This Frontiers in Virology Research Topic showcases how metagenomic and bioinformatic approaches have been combined to discover, classify and characterize novel viruses.
Book Synopsis Viral Metagenomics by : Vitantonio Pantaleo
Download or read book Viral Metagenomics written by Vitantonio Pantaleo and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genomic Medicine by : Dhavendra Kumar
Download or read book Genomic Medicine written by Dhavendra Kumar and published by Oxford Monographs on Medical G. This book was released on 2014-10-15 with total page 853 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preceded by Genomics and clinical medicine / edited by Dhavendra Kumar. [First edition]. 2008.
Book Synopsis Desk Encyclopedia of Microbiology by : Moselio Schaechter
Download or read book Desk Encyclopedia of Microbiology written by Moselio Schaechter and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-04-19 with total page 1200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Desk Encyclopedia of Microbiology, Second Edition is a single-volume comprehensive guide to microbiology for the advanced reader. Derived from the six volume e-only Encyclopedia of Microbiology, Third Edition, it bridges the gap between introductory texts and specialized reviews. Covering topics ranging from the basic science of microbiology to the current "hot" topics in the field, it will be invaluable for obtaining background information on a broad range of microbiological topics, preparing lectures and preparing grant applications and reports. * The most comprehensive single-volume source providing an overview of microbiology to non-specialists * Bridges the gap between introductory texts and specialized reviews. * Provides concise and general overviews of important topics within the field making it a helpful resource when preparing for lectures, writing reports, or drafting grant applications
Book Synopsis Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens by : Muhammad Abubakar
Download or read book Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens written by Muhammad Abubakar and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-03-13 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is vital to understand ticks and tick-borne pathogens as well as their impact on humans. This book is intended for students in parasitology, biologists, parasitologists involved in molecular diagnostics of tick-borne diseases, practicing veterinarians, and for others who may require information on ticks and tick-borne diseases. Here we have put together a collection of chapters focused on different aspects of ticks and tick-borne diseases mainly to provide the reader with novel information in the field, but not the basic generalised information provided by many textbooks. This book includes topics such as high-throughput technologies in diagnosis, discovery of novel tick vaccines, identification of new pathogens transmitted by ticks, and new epidemiological information of certain well-known ticks and tick-borne diseases. These chapters were authored by parasitologists from all over the world, giving an insight to the reader about significant ticks and tick-borne diseases prevalent in those particular geographical regions with the local expert's point of view. Each of the chapters has separate reference lists, making it easier for the reader to find additional reading material related to their topic of interest.
Book Synopsis Viruses: Essential Agents of Life by : Günther Witzany
Download or read book Viruses: Essential Agents of Life written by Günther Witzany and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-13 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A renaissance of virus research is taking centre stage in biology. Empirical data from the last decade indicate the important roles of viruses, both in the evolution of all life and as symbionts of host organisms. There is increasing evidence that all cellular life is colonized by exogenous and/or endogenous viruses in a non-lytic but persistent lifestyle. Viruses and viral parts form the most numerous genetic matter on this planet.
Book Synopsis COVID-19 Pandemic – Philosophical Approaches by : Nicolae Sfetcu
Download or read book COVID-19 Pandemic – Philosophical Approaches written by Nicolae Sfetcu and published by Nicolae Sfetcu. This book was released on with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper begins with a retrospective of the debates on the origin of life: the virus or the cell? The virus needs a cell for replication, instead the cell is a more evolved form on the evolutionary scale of life. In addition, the study of viruses raises pressing conceptual and philosophical questions about their nature, their classification, and their place in the biological world. The subject of pandemics is approached starting from the existentialism of Albert Camus and Sartre, the replacement of the exclusion ritual with the disciplinary mechanism of Michel Foucault, and about the Gaia hypothesis, developed by James Lovelock and supported in the current pandemic by Bruno Latour. The social dimensions of pandemics, their connection to global warming, which has led to an increase in infectious diseases, and the deforestation of large areas, which have caused viruses to migrate from their native area (their "reservoir") are highlighted below. The ethics of pandemics is approached from several philosophical points of view, of which the most important in a crisis of such global dimensions is utilitarianism which involves maximizing benefits for society in direct conflict with the usual (Kantian) view of respect for people as individuals. After a retrospective of the COVID-19 virus that caused the current pandemic, its life cycle and its history, with an emphasis on the philosophy of death, the concept of biopower initially developed by Foucault is discussed, with reference to the practice of modern states of control of the populations and the debate generated by Giorgio Agamben who states that what is manifested in this pandemic is the growing tendency to use the state of emergency as a normal paradigm of government. An interesting and much debated approach is the one generated by the works of Slavoj Žižek, who states that the current pandemic has led to the bankruptcy of the current "barbaric" capitalism, wondering if the path that humanity will take is a neo-communism. Another important negative effect is desocialization, with the conclusion of some philosophers that we cannot exist independently of our relationships with others, that a person's humanity depends on the humanity of those around him. The last section is dedicated to forecasting what the world will look like after the pandemic, and there are already signs of a paradigm shift, including the sudden disappearance of the "wall" ideology: a cough was enough to make it suddenly impossible to avoid the responsibility that every individual has it towards all living beings for the simple fact that he is part of this world, and of the desire to be part of it. The whole is always involved in part, because everything is, in a sense, in everything and in nature there are no autonomous regions that are an exception. The COVID-19 pandemic seems to restore the supremacy that once belonged to politics. One of the virtues of the virus is its ability to generate a more sober idea of freedom: to be free means to do what needs to be done in a specific situation. CONTENTS: Abstract Introduction 1 Viruses 1.1 Ontology 2 Pandemics 2.1 Social dimensions 2.2 Ethics 3 COVID-19 3.1 Biopolitics 3.2 Neocommunism 3.3 Desocialising 4 Forecasting Bibliography DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.31039.74405/1
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Ecological Genomics by : Nico M. van Straalen
Download or read book An Introduction to Ecological Genomics written by Nico M. van Straalen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors also provide a comparative survey of the properties of genomes (genome size, gene families, synteny, and polymorphism) for prokaryotes as well as the main eukaryotic models.
Book Synopsis Microorganisms in Sustainable Agriculture and Biotechnology by : T. Satyanarayana
Download or read book Microorganisms in Sustainable Agriculture and Biotechnology written by T. Satyanarayana and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-02 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review of recent developments in our understanding of the role of microbes in sustainable agriculture and biotechnology covers a research area with enormous untapped potential. Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and other agricultural inputs derived from fossil fuels have increased agricultural production, yet growing awareness and concern over their adverse effects on soil productivity and environmental quality cannot be ignored. The high cost of these products, the difficulties of meeting demand for them, and their harmful environmental legacy have encouraged scientists to develop alternative strategies to raise productivity, with microbes playing a central role in these efforts. One application is the use of soil microbes as bioinoculants for supplying nutrients and/or stimulating plant growth. Some rhizospheric microbes are known to synthesize plant growth-promoters, siderophores and antibiotics, as well as aiding phosphorous uptake. The last 40 years have seen rapid strides made in our appreciation of the diversity of environmental microbes and their possible benefits to sustainable agriculture and production. The advent of powerful new methodologies in microbial genetics, molecular biology and biotechnology has only quickened the pace of developments. The vital part played by microbes in sustaining our planet’s ecosystems only adds urgency to this enquiry. Culture-dependent microbes already contribute much to human life, yet the latent potential of vast numbers of uncultured—and thus untouched—microbes, is enormous. Culture-independent metagenomic approaches employed in a variety of natural habitats have alerted us to the sheer diversity of these microbes, and resulted in the characterization of novel genes and gene products. Several new antibiotics and biocatalysts have been discovered among environmental genomes and some products have already been commercialized. Meanwhile, dozens of industrial products currently formulated in large quantities from petrochemicals, such as ethanol, butanol, organic acids, and amino acids, are equally obtainable through microbial fermentation. Edited by a trio of recognized authorities on the subject, this survey of a fast-moving field—with so many benefits within reach—will be required reading for all those investigating ways to harness the power of microorganisms in making both agriculture and biotechnology more sustainable.
Book Synopsis Molecular Identification, Systematics, and Population Structure of Prokaryotes by : Erko Stackebrandt
Download or read book Molecular Identification, Systematics, and Population Structure of Prokaryotes written by Erko Stackebrandt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-08 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systematic biology has a far wider application than merely the provision of a reliable classification scheme for new strains. With the framework of the hierarchic system stabilizing, genomes, noncoding regions, and genes and their products can now be evaluated in an evolutionary context. This book summarizes recent developments in the molecular characterization of cultured and as-yet uncultured prokaryotes, emphasizing the strengths and weaknesses of individual approaches. The chapters of the book are compiled to stimulate students to enter the field of bacterial diversity, presenting a broad spectrum of fascinating multifaceted disciplines that illuminate the paths to ecosystem functioning, communication within communities, symbiosis, life in extreme environments, astrobiology, and more.
Book Synopsis Discovering Life, Manufacturing Life by : Pierre V. Vignais
Download or read book Discovering Life, Manufacturing Life written by Pierre V. Vignais and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-21 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Francis BACON, in his Novum Organum, Robert BOYLE, in his Skeptical Chemist and René DESCARTES, in his Discourse on Method; all of these men were witnesses to the th scientific revolution, which, in the 17 century, began to awaken the western world from a long sleep. In each of these works, the author emphasizes the role of the experimental method in exploring the laws of Nature, that is to say, the way in which an experiment is designed, implemented according to tried and tested te- niques, and used as a basis for drawing conclusions that are based only on results, with their margins of error, taking into account contemporary traditions and prejudices. Two centuries later, Claude BERNARD, in his Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine, made a passionate plea for the application of the experimental method when studying the functions of living beings. Twenty-first century Biology, which has been fertilized by highly sophisticated techniques inherited from Physics and Chemistry, blessed with a constantly increasing expertise in the manipulation of the genome, initiated into the mysteries of information techn- ogy, and enriched with the ever-growing fund of basic knowledge, at times appears to have forgotten its roots.
Book Synopsis Foodomics by : Jorge Barros-Velázquez
Download or read book Foodomics written by Jorge Barros-Velázquez and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2021-03-31 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the most updated information on the main methodologies and technological platforms involved in foodomics.
Book Synopsis Frontiers of Life by : J. Thanh Van Tran
Download or read book Frontiers of Life written by J. Thanh Van Tran and published by Atlantica Séguier Frontières. This book was released on 1992 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Metagenomics for Microbiology by : Jacques Izard
Download or read book Metagenomics for Microbiology written by Jacques Izard and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-11-07 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concisely discussing the application of high throughput analysis to move forward our understanding of microbial principles, Metagenomics for Microbiology provides a solid base for the design and analysis of omics studies for the characterization of microbial consortia. The intended audience includes clinical and environmental microbiologists, molecular biologists, infectious disease experts, statisticians, biostatisticians, and public health scientists. This book focuses on the technological underpinnings of metagenomic approaches and their conceptual and practical applications. With the next-generation genomic sequencing revolution increasingly permitting researchers to decipher the coding information of the microbes living with us, we now have a unique capacity to compare multiple sites within individuals and at higher resolution and greater throughput than hitherto possible. The recent articulation of this paradigm points to unique possibilities for investigation of our dynamic relationship with these cellular communities, and excitingly the probing of their therapeutic potential in disease prevention or treatment of the future. Expertly describes the latest metagenomic methodologies and best-practices, from sample collection to data analysis for taxonomic, whole shotgun metagenomic, and metatranscriptomic studies Includes clear-headed pointers and quick starts to direct research efforts and increase study efficacy, eschewing ponderous prose Presented topics include sample collection and preparation, data generation and quality control, third generation sequencing, advances in computational analyses of shotgun metagenomic sequence data, taxonomic profiling of shotgun data, hypothesis testing, and mathematical and computational analysis of longitudinal data and time series. Past-examples and prospects are provided to contextualize the applications.
Book Synopsis Microorganisms in Environmental Management by : T. Satyanarayana
Download or read book Microorganisms in Environmental Management written by T. Satyanarayana and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-02 with total page 827 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbes and their biosynthetic capabilities have been invaluable in finding solutions for several intractable problems mankind has encountered in maintaining the quality of the environment. They have, for example, been used to positive effect in human and animal health, genetic engineering, environmental protection, and municipal and industrial waste treatment. Microorganisms have enabled feasible and cost-effective responses which would have been impossible via straightforward chemical or physical engineering methods. Microbial technologies have of late been applied to a range of environmental problems, with considerable success. This survey of recent scientific progress in usefully applying microbes to both environmental management and biotechnology is informed by acknowledgement of the polluting effects on the world around us of soil erosion, the unwanted migration of sediments, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and the improper treatment of human and animal wastes. These harmful phenomena have resulted in serious environmental and social problems around the world, problems which require us to look for solutions elsewhere than in established physical and chemical technologies. Often the answer lies in hybrid applications in which microbial methods are combined with physical and chemical ones. When we remember that these highly effective microorganisms, cultured for a variety of applications, are but a tiny fraction of those to be found in the world around us, we realize the vastness of the untapped and beneficial potential of microorganisms. At present, comprehending the diversity of hitherto uncultured microbes involves the application of metagenomics, with several novel microbial species having been discovered using culture-independent approaches. Edited by recognized leaders in the field, this penetrating assessment of our progress to date in deploying microorganisms to the advantage of environmental management and biotechnology will be widely welcomed.
Book Synopsis Diversity and Benefits of Microorganisms from the Tropics by : João Lucio de Azevedo
Download or read book Diversity and Benefits of Microorganisms from the Tropics written by João Lucio de Azevedo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-10 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the diversity of tropical microorganisms and its applications in agriculture, renewable energy production and environmental protection. It covers several tropical habitats such as rain forests, mangroves, sea and river waters and describes how microorganisms isolated from these regions can be used to control insects and plant diseases, to improve sugar cane and biofuels production among other applications. The book also aims to bring researchers’ attention to the potential of tropical microorganisms for biotechnological purposes, an area that is still far from being well explored.
