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Varieties Of Clientelism
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Book Synopsis Varieties of Clientelism by : Edward Aspinall
Download or read book Varieties of Clientelism written by Edward Aspinall and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-12-26 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clientelism is a prominent feature of many of the world’s democracies and electoral authoritarian regimes. Yet the comparative study of this practice, which involves exchanging personal favours for electoral support, remains strikingly underdeveloped. This book makes the case that clientelistic politics take different forms in different countries, and that this variation matters for understanding democracy, elections, and governance. Involving collaboration by experienced observers of politics in several countries – Mexico, Ghana, Sudan to Turkey, Indonesia, the Philippines, Caribbean and Pacific Island states, and Malaysia – the chapters in this volume unpack the concept of clientelism and show that it is possible to identify different types of patronage democracies. The book proposes a comparative framework that focuses on the networks that politicians use, the type of resources they hand out, their degree of control over the distribution of state resources, and shows that the comparative study of a key informal dimension of politics offers much analytical promise for scholars of democracy and governance. Varieties of Clientelism is essential reading for scholars and students interested in clientelism, patronage democracies, comparative political economy, as well as party politics. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Democratization.
Book Synopsis Varieties of Clientelism by : Jordan Gans-Morse
Download or read book Varieties of Clientelism written by Jordan Gans-Morse and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clientelist parties (or political machines) engage in a variety of strategies during elections. Most studies focus exclusively on “vote buying”, a strategy that rewards opposing voters for switching their vote choices. Yet in many countries, machines also adopt other strategies, such as activating their passive constituencies through “turnout buying”. What factors explain variation in patterns of clientelism during elections? We develop an analytical framework and formal model that highlight the role of individual and contextual factors. Political machines focus on two key attributes of individuals - political preferences and inclination to vote - when choosing their mix of clientelist strategies. Machines also tailor their mix to five contextual factors: compulsory voting, machine support, political polarization, salience of political preferences, and strength of ballot secrecy. Evidence from Argentina, Brazil, and Russia is consistent with these findings.
Book Synopsis Political Parties and Electoral Clientelism by : Sergiu Gherghina
Download or read book Political Parties and Electoral Clientelism written by Sergiu Gherghina and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-09-26 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary political parties often use state resources to win elections. In this context, electoral clientelism evolved from the straightforward vote buying to sophisticated exchanges in which the relationship between patrons (parties or candidates) and clients (voters) is sometimes difficult to grasp. We address the question how do the distributive politics and electoral clientelism interact, how these forms of interactions differ across various context, and what implications they bring for the functioning of political systems. The special issue provides theoretical, methodological and empirical contributions to the burgeoning literature about the multi-faceted feature of electoral clientelism. It unfolds the complex relationship between distributive politics and clientelism, and conceptualizes electoral clientelism as a dynamic process that occurs through different sequences. It enriches the methodological tools aimed at investigating electoral clientelism. Finally, the special issue approaches clientelism from several perspectives and brings together substantive empirical evidence about the varieties of clientelism around the world.
Book Synopsis Special Issue: Understanding Varieties of Clientelism by : Edward Aspinall
Download or read book Special Issue: Understanding Varieties of Clientelism written by Edward Aspinall and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Conditionality and Coercion by : Isabela Mares
Download or read book Conditionality and Coercion written by Isabela Mares and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019-10-17 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many recent democracies, candidates compete for office using illegal strategies to influence voters. In Hungary and Romania, local actors including mayors and bureaucrats offer access to social policy benefits to voters who offer to support their preferred candidates, and they threaten others with the loss of a range of policy and private benefits for voting the "wrong" way. These quid pro quo exchanges are often called clientelism. How can politicians and their accomplices get away with such illegal campaigning in otherwise democratic, competitive elections? When do they rely on the worst forms of clientelism that involve threatening voters and manipulating public benefits? Conditionality and Coercion: Electoral Clientelism in Eastern Europe uses a mixed method approach to understand how illegal forms of campaigning including vote buying and electoral coercion persist in two democratic countries in the European Union. It argues that we must disaggregate clientelistic strategies based on whether they use public or private resources, and whether they involve positive promises or negative threats and coercion. We document that the type of clientelistic strategies that candidates and brokers use varies systematically across localities based on their underlying social coalitions. We also show that voters assess and sanction different forms of clientelism in different ways. Voters glean information about politicians' personal characteristics and their policy preferences from the clientelistic strategies these candidates deploy. Most voters judge candidates who use clientelism harshly. So how does clientelism, including its most odious coercive forms, persist in democratic systems? This book suggests that politicians can get away with clientelism by using forms of it that are in line with the policy preferences of constituencies whose votes they need. Clientelistic and programmatic strategies are not as distinct as previous have argued. Oxford Studies in Democratization is a series for scholars and students of comparative politics and related disciplines. Volumes concentrate on the comparative study of the democratization process that accompanied the decline and termination of the cold war. The geographical focus of the series is primarily Latin America, the Caribbean, Southern and Eastern Europe, and relevant experiences in Africa and Asia. The series editor is Laurence Whitehead, Senior Research Fellow, Nuffield College, University of Oxford.
Book Synopsis Clientelism, Capitalism, and Democracy by : Didi Kuo
Download or read book Clientelism, Capitalism, and Democracy written by Didi Kuo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States and Britain, capitalists organized in opposition to clientelism and demanded programmatic parties and institutional reforms.
Book Synopsis Brokers, Voters, and Clientelism by : Susan C. Stokes
Download or read book Brokers, Voters, and Clientelism written by Susan C. Stokes and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-09-23 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brokers, Voters, and Clientelism studies distributive politics: how parties and governments use material resources to win elections. The authors develop a theory that explains why loyal supporters, rather than swing voters, tend to benefit from pork-barrel politics; why poverty encourages clientelism and vote buying; and why redistribution and voter participation do not justify non-programmatic distribution.
Book Synopsis Democracy for Sale by : Edward Aspinall
Download or read book Democracy for Sale written by Edward Aspinall and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2019-04-15 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Democracy for Sale is an on-the-ground account of Indonesian democracy, analyzing its election campaigns and behind-the-scenes machinations. Edward Aspinall and Ward Berenschot assess the informal networks and political strategies that shape access to power and privilege in the messy political environment of contemporary Indonesia. In post-Suharto Indonesian politics the exchange of patronage for political support is commonplace. Clientelism, argue the authors, saturates the political system, and in Democracy for Sale they reveal the everyday practices of vote buying, influence peddling, manipulating government programs, and skimming money from government projects. In doing so, Aspinall and Berenschot advance three major arguments. The first argument points toward the role of religion, kinship, and other identities in Indonesian clientelism. The second explains how and why Indonesia's distinctive system of free-wheeling clientelism came into being. And the third argument addresses variation in the patterns and intensity of clientelism. Through these arguments and with comparative leverage from political practices in India and Argentina, Democracy for Sale provides compelling evidence of the importance of informal networks and relationships rather than formal parties and institutions in contemporary Indonesia.
Book Synopsis The Political Logic of Poverty Relief by : Alberto Diaz-Cayeros
Download or read book The Political Logic of Poverty Relief written by Alberto Diaz-Cayeros and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-02-26 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Political Logic of Poverty Relief places electoral politics and institutional design at the core of poverty alleviation. The authors develop a theory with applications to Mexico about how elections shape social programs aimed at aiding the poor. They also assess whether voters reward politicians for targeted poverty alleviation programs.
Book Synopsis Votes for Survival by : Simeon Nichter
Download or read book Votes for Survival written by Simeon Nichter and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the critical role citizens play in sustaining clientelism, despite threats of structural changes, institutional reforms, legal enforcement and partisan strategies.
Book Synopsis The Road to Development by : Mahvish Shami
Download or read book The Road to Development written by Mahvish Shami and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rural economies in developing countries are often characterised by high levels of inequality, particularly so in their distribution of land. This can lead to the establishment of patron-client relationships between peasants and their landlords with far-reaching social, political, and economic implications for both parties. This thesis investigates whether, and how, clientelist networks change, when connecting isolated villages become connected to the outside economy. It does so from three different perspectives. Firstly, it highlights the ability of resource rich landlords to interlink different markets in the rural economy in an effort to maximise surplus extraction. Yet, when peasants are provided credible exit options, the change in relative bargaining powers alters the character of such interlinkages in favour of the peasants. Secondly, it explores how clientelism enables landlords to use peasant votes as bargaining chips with politicians to appropriate public resources for their own private benefit. Yet, when peasants are given outside options, the landlord has to provide them with public goods in order to maintain his economic and social standing in the village. Lastly, it analyses peasants' difficulty in engaging in community driven projects when residing under a strong patron. Yet, when landlords have to compete with markets outside the village, they no longer have the incentive or ability to block peasant collective action for self provision. In all three areas, it is argued that the patrons' ability to control peasant activities stems from the interaction of inequality with isolation, which provides them with monopoly/monopsony powers. Hence while policy solutions to exploitative forms of clientelism have typically focused on land redistribution, I argue that similar results are attainable by increasing peasants' outside options. In order to test the validity of this hypothesis I make use of a natural experiment found in the construction of a motorway in rural Punjab, Pakistan. The research design compares connected villages dominated by large landlords to isolated ones and uses villages with relatively egalitarian distribution of land as a control group. Making use of field interviews and quantitative survey data the thesis finds that connectivity results in converging outcomes between connected villages dominated by large landlords and those with more egalitarian distribution of land. The results suggest that connecting villages previously isolated from the outside economy can go a long way to help the rural poor.
Book Synopsis Mobilizing for Elections by : Edward Aspinall
Download or read book Mobilizing for Elections written by Edward Aspinall and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-08-11 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book compares patronage politics in Southeast Asia, examining the sources and implications of cross-national and sub-national differences. It will be useful for scholars and students interested in comparative and Southeast Asian politics, electoral politics, clientelism and patronage, and the historical development of political institutions.
Book Synopsis Investing in Authoritarian Rule by : Anuradha Chakravarty
Download or read book Investing in Authoritarian Rule written by Anuradha Chakravarty and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows how Rwanda's mass courts for genocide crimes helped ensure political stability and authoritarian control for Rwandan elites.
Book Synopsis Patrons, Clients and Friends by : S. N. Eisenstadt
Download or read book Patrons, Clients and Friends written by S. N. Eisenstadt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1984-10-18 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About interpersonal relations in society.
Book Synopsis Brokering Democracy in Africa by : L. Beck
Download or read book Brokering Democracy in Africa written by L. Beck and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-03-17 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the achievements and limitations of democratization in Senegal - and Africa more broadly - as a result of the continuing political culture of clientelism.
Book Synopsis Electoral Dynamics in Indonesia by : Edward Aspinall
Download or read book Electoral Dynamics in Indonesia written by Edward Aspinall and published by NUS Press. This book was released on 2016-04-05 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do politicians win elected office in Indonesia? To find out, research teams fanned out across the country prior to Indonesia’s 2014 legislative election to record campaign events, interview candidates and canvassers, and observe their interactions with voters. They found that at the grassroots political parties are less important than personal campaign teams and vote brokers who reach out to voters through a wide range of networks associated with religion, ethnicity, kinship, micro enterprises, sports clubs and voluntary groups of all sorts. Above all, candidates distribute patronage—cash, goods and other material benefits—to individual voters and to communities. Electoral Dynamics in Indonesia brings to light the scale and complexity of vote buying and the many uncertainties involved in this style of politics, providing an unusually intimate portrait of politics in a patronage-based system.
Book Synopsis Clientelism and Economic Policy by : Aris Trantidis
Download or read book Clientelism and Economic Policy written by Aris Trantidis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-28 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its deep economic crisis and dramatic political developments Greece has puzzled Europe and the world. What explains its long-standing problems and its incapacity to reform its economy? Using an analytic narrative and a comparative approach, the book studies the pattern of economic reforms in Greece between 1985 and 2015. It finds that clientelism - the allocation of selective benefits by political actors (patrons) to their supporters (clients) - created a strong policy bias that prevented the country from implementing deep-cutting reforms. The book shows that the clientelist system differs from the general image of interest-group politics and that the typical view of clientelism, as individual exchange between patrons and clients, has not fully captured the wide range and implications of this phenomenon. From this, the author develops a theory on clientelism and policy-making, addressing key questions on the politics of economic reform, government autonomy and party politics. The book is an essential addition to the literatures on clientelism, public choice theory, and comparative political economy. It will be of key interest to scholars and students of European Union politics, economic policy and party politics.
