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Value Welfare And Morality
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Book Synopsis Value, Welfare, and Morality by : R. G. Frey
Download or read book Value, Welfare, and Morality written by R. G. Frey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses critical issues in normative ethical theory. Every such theory must contain not only a theory of motivation but also a theory of value, and the link that is often forged between what is valuable and what would be right is human welfare or well-being. This topic is a subject of considerable controversy in contemporary ethics, not least because of the current reconsideration of utilitarianism. Indeed, there is as much disagreement about the nature of value and its relationship to welfare and morality, as there is about the substantive content of normative ethical theories. The essays in this collection, all new and written by a distinguished team of moral philosophers, provide an overview, analysis, and an attempted resolution of those controversies. They constitute the most rigorous available account of the relationship among value, welfare, and morality.
Book Synopsis Welfare, Meaning, and Worth by : Aaron Smuts
Download or read book Welfare, Meaning, and Worth written by Aaron Smuts and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-22 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Welfare, Meaning, and Worth argues that there is more to what makes a life worth living than welfare, and that a good life does not consist of what is merely good for the one who lives it. Smuts defends an objective list theory that states that the notion of worth captures matters of importance for which no plausible theory of welfare can account. He puts forth that lives worth living are net high in various objective goods, including pleasure, meaning, knowledge, and loving relationships. The first part of the book presents a theory of worth, a mental statist account of welfare, and an objectivist theory of meaning. The second part explores the implications for moral theory, the popularity of painful art, and the viability of pessimism about the human condition. This book offers an original exploration of worth as a combination of welfare and meaning that will be of interest to philosophers and ethicists who work on issues in well-being and positive psychology.
Book Synopsis Welfare, Happiness, and Ethics by : L. W. Sumner
Download or read book Welfare, Happiness, and Ethics written by L. W. Sumner and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moral philosophers agree that welfare matters. But they disagree about what it is, or how much it matters. Wayne Sumner presents an original theory of welfare, investigating its nature and discussing its importance. He considers and rejects all notable theories of welfare, both objective and subjective, including hedonism and theories founded on desire or preference. His own theory connects welfare closely with happiness or life satisfaction. Reacting against the value pluralism that currently dominates moral philosophy, he advances welfare as the only basic ethical value. He concludes by discussing the implications of this thesis for ethical and political theory. Written in clear, non-technical language, and including a definitive survey of other work in this area, Sumner's book is essential reading for moral philosophers, political theorists, and welfare economists.
Book Synopsis Economy and Morality by : Yūichi Shionoya
Download or read book Economy and Morality written by Yūichi Shionoya and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the purpose of the economy? To answer this intriguing and fundamental question, this book provides a systematic approach to economic ethics and constructs a relationship between the economy and morality; it expounds theoretical and practical issues of economic philosophy along two dimensions: values and institutions. On the dimension of values, Yuichi Shionoya explores the connections between the economy and morality by reconstructing a coherent system of ethics that coordinates the 'good, right, and virtue'. Based on this system of ethics, the book goes on to discuss the dimension of institutions and presents the philosophy of the welfare state, consisting of a tripartite contemporary institution of 'capitalism, democracy, and social security'. Economy and Morality is a remarkable contribution to economic ethics exploring key philosophical issues including efficiency versus justice and liberty versus excellence. Its unique emphasis is the economics of virtue, which is concerned with the virtuous utilization of economic resources for human development, and applied to the reform of the welfare state. Economists, philosophers and scholars of social policy and the welfare state will all find this book of great interest - part of its appeal lying in its interdisciplinary approach to contemporary economic, political and social systems based on the synthesis of moral values.
Book Synopsis Human Welfare and Moral Worth by : Thomas E. Hill Jr.
Download or read book Human Welfare and Moral Worth written by Thomas E. Hill Jr. and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2002-07-11 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thomas Hill, a leading figure in the recent development of Kantian moral philosophy, presents a series of essays that interpret and develop Kant's ideas on ethics. The first part of the book focuses on basic concepts: a priori method, a good will, categorical imperatives, autonomy, and constructivist strategies of argument. Hill goes on to consider aspects of human welfare, and then moral worth—the nature and grounds of moral assessment of persons as deserving esteem or blame. He offers illuminating discussions of happiness, beneficence, personal values, conscience, moral desert, moral dilemmas, and feelings of regret. He is critical of Kant at many points, but he shows how many familiar objections miss the mark. Two previously unpublished essays challenge the views of other influential Kant scholars and defend alternative interpretations of Kant on beneficence, supererogation, and what it means to 'set oneself an end'. These clear and careful writings show moral, poltical, and social philosophers just how valuable Kantian ethical theory can be in addressing practical matters.
Book Synopsis Moral Authority, Ideology, And The Future Of American Social Welfare by : Andrew W. Dobelstein
Download or read book Moral Authority, Ideology, And The Future Of American Social Welfare written by Andrew W. Dobelstein and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-02-20 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book suggests how welfare can be re-formed by taking the American ideological context as a road map for which welfare changes are possible and which are not, laying out a framework for welfare as America enters the twenty-first century.
Book Synopsis Freedom and Value by : Ishtiyaque Haji
Download or read book Freedom and Value written by Ishtiyaque Haji and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-24 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freedom of the sort implicated in acting freely or with free will is important to the truth of different sorts of moral judgment, such as judgments of moral responsibility and those of moral obligation. Little thought, however, has been invested into whether appraisals of good or evil presuppose free will. This important topic has not commanded the attention it deserves owing to what is perhaps a prevalent assumption that freedom leaves judgments concerning good and evil largely unaffected. The central aim of this book is to dispute this assumption by arguing for the relevance of free will to the truth of two sorts of such judgment: welfare-ranking judgments or judgments of personal well-being (when is one's life intrinsically good for the one who lives it?), and world-ranking judgments (when is a possible world intrinsically better than another?). The book also examines free will’s impact on the truth of such judgments for central issues in moral obligation and in the free will debate. This book should be of interest to those working on intrinsic value, personal well-being, moral obligation, and free will.
Book Synopsis Value in Ethics and Economics by : Elizabeth Anderson
Download or read book Value in Ethics and Economics written by Elizabeth Anderson and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1995-08-11 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elizabeth Anderson offers a new theory of value and rationality that rejects cost-benefit analysis in our social lives and in our ethical theories. This account of the plurality of values thus offers a new approach, beyond welfare economics and traditional theories of justice, for assessing the ethical limitations of the market. In this light, Anderson discusses several contemporary controversies involving the proper scope of the market, including commercial surrogate motherhood, privatization of public services, and the application of cost-benefit analysis to issues of environmental protection. Table of Contents: Preface 1. A Pluralist Theory of Value A Rational Attitude Theory of Value Ideals and Self-Assessment How Goods Differ in Kind (I): Different Modes of Valuation How Goods Differ in Kind (II): Social Relations of Realization 2. An Expressive Theory of Rational Action Value and Rational Action The Framing of Decisions The Extrinsic Value of States of Affairs Consequentialism Practical Reason and the Unity of the Self 3. Pluralism and Incommensurable Goods The Advantages of Consequentialism A Pragmatic Theory of Comparative Value Judgments Incommensurable Goods Rational Choice among Incommensurable Goods 4. Self-Understanding, the Hierarchy of Values, and Moral Constraints The Test of Self-Understanding The Hierarchy of Values Agent-Centered Restrictions Hybrid Consequentialism A Self-Effacing Theory of Practical Reason? 5. Criticism, Justification, and Common Sense A Pragmatic Account of Objectivity The Thick Conceptual Structure of the Space of Reasons How Common Sense Can Be Self-Critical Why We Should Ignore Skeptical Challenges to Common Sense 6. Monistic Theories of Value Monism Moore's Aesthetic Monism Hedonism Rational Desire Theory 7. The Ethical Limitations of the Market Pluralism, Freedom, and Liberal Politics The Ideals and Social Relations of the Modern Market Civil Society and the Market Personal Relations and the Market Political Goods and the Market The Limitations of Market Ideologies 8. Is Women's Labor a Commodity? The Case of Commercial Surrogate Motherhood Children as Commodities Women's Labor as a Commodity Contract Pregnancy and the Status of Women Contract Pregnancy, Freedom, and the Law 9. Cost-Benefit Analysis, Safety, and Environmental Quality Cost-Benefit Analysis as a Form of Commodification Autonomy, Labor Markets, and the Value of Life Citizens, Consumers, and the Value of the Environment Toward Democratic Alternatives to Cost-Benefit Analysis Conclusion Notes References Index Reviews of this book: Anderson/auhtor is anxious to combat what she sees as a tendency for commercial values to invade areas of human life where they do not belong...A useful contribution to debate about the proper scope of the market. "Not everything is a commodity, insists Anderson, and her brief should shake up social science technocrats." DD--Philadelphia Inquirer "The book is rich in both argument and application." DD--Alan Hamlin, Times Higher Education Supplement "In this rich and insightful book Elizabeth Anderson develops an original account of value and rational action and then employs this account to address the pragmatic political question of what the proper range of the market should be. Anderson's principal targets are consequentialism, monism and the crude 'economistic' reasoning which underpins much contemporary social policy...This is an important book...For anyone interested in political philosophy this is essential reading." DD--A. J. Walsh, Australasian Journal of Philosophy --Hugo Dixon, Financial Times [UK] Reviews of this book: Not everything is a commodity, insists Anderson, and her brief should shake up social science technocrats. --Philadelphia Inquirer Reviews of this book: The book is rich in both argument and application. --Alan Hamlin, Times Higher Education Supplement Reviews of this book: In this rich and insightful book Elizabeth Anderson develops an original account of value and rational action and then employs this account to address the pragmatic political question of what the proper range of the market should be. Anderson's principal targets are consequentialism, monism and the crude 'economistic' reasoning which underpins much contemporary social policy...This is an important book...For anyone interested in political philosophy this is essential reading. --A. J. Walsh, Australasian Journal of Philosophy
Book Synopsis The Future of Value Inquiry by : Matti Häyry
Download or read book The Future of Value Inquiry written by Matti Häyry and published by Rodopi. This book was released on 2001 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the nature of values, and the status of value studies, at the turn of the millennium. The contributors, nineteen philosophers from fourteen countries, introduce and defend an enriching variety of views regarding the present state and future prospects of value inquiry.
Download or read book Due Respect written by Fred Groh and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-02 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published in 1998, this critical analysis of welfare state morality argues that all its essential claims are untenable: that need-based distribution of goods is inconsistent with its rationale; that morality can be given a rational grounding from which follows an exceptionally strong right of personal sovereignty; that cognitive self-sufficiency in the ordinary adult shows capacity to deal adequately with the problems of life. The same arguments lay the basis for an alternative social morality giving the individual his due respect. Among the topics are subjective and objective approaches to moral justification; when moral intuitions must be rejected; how it can be rational to act against reason; personal autonomy and the irresistible impulse; and why and when expropriation is morally permissible. A summary chapter applies the main conclusions to the poverty problem, comparing welfare state morality and the alternative in action.
Book Synopsis Welfare Theory, Public Action, and Ethical Values by : Roger E. Backhouse
Download or read book Welfare Theory, Public Action, and Ethical Values written by Roger E. Backhouse and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-25 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume revisits the history of welfare economics, showing that economists have regularly drawn on ethical values for practical issues.
Book Synopsis Welfare and Rational Care by : Stephen Darwall
Download or read book Welfare and Rational Care written by Stephen Darwall and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-07-28 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What kind of life best ensures human welfare? Since the ancient Greeks, this question has been as central to ethical philosophy as to ordinary reflection. But what exactly is welfare? This question has suffered from relative neglect. And, as Stephen Darwall shows, it has done so at a price. Presenting a provocative new "rational care theory of welfare," Darwall proves that a proper understanding of welfare fundamentally changes how we think about what is best for people. Most philosophers have assumed that a person's welfare is what is good from her point of view, namely, what she has a distinctive reason to pursue. In the now standard terminology, welfare is assumed to have an "agent-relative normativity." Darwall by contrast argues that someone's good is what one should want for that person insofar as one cares for her. Welfare, in other words, is normative, but not peculiarly for the person whose welfare is at stake. In addition, Darwall makes the radical proposal that something's contributing to someone's welfare is the same thing as its being something one ought to want for her own sake, insofar as one cares. Darwall defends this theory with clarity, precision, and elegance, and with a subtle understanding of the place of sympathetic concern in the rich psychology of sympathy and empathy. His forceful arguments will change how we understand a concept central to ethics and our understanding of human bonds and human choices.
Book Synopsis Talking about Welfare by : Noel Timms
Download or read book Talking about Welfare written by Noel Timms and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1976-01-01 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Essays on Ethics, Social Behaviour, and Scientific Explanation by : J.C. Harsanyi
Download or read book Essays on Ethics, Social Behaviour, and Scientific Explanation written by J.C. Harsanyi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When John Harsanyi came to Stanford University as a candidate for the Ph.D., I asked him why he was bothering, since it was most un likely that he had anything to learn from us. He was already a known scho lar; in addition to some papers in economics, the first two papers in this vol ume had already been published and had dazzled me by their originality and their combination of philosophical insight and technical competence. However, I am very glad I did not discourage him; whether he learned any thing worthwhile I don't know, but we all learned much from him on the foundations of the theory of games and specifically on the outcome of bar gaining. The central focus of Harsanyi's work has continued to be in the theory of games, but especially on the foundations and conceptual problems. The theory of games, properly understood, is a very broad approach to social interaction based on individually rational behavior, and it connects closely with fundamental methodological and substantive issues in social science and in ethics. An indication of the range of Harsanyi's interest in game the ory can be found in the first paper of Part B -though in fact his owncontri butions are much broader-and in the second paper the applications to the methodology of social science. The remaining papers in that section show more specifically the richness of game theory in specific applications.
Book Synopsis Ethics for Bureaucrats by : John Rohr
Download or read book Ethics for Bureaucrats written by John Rohr and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-01 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important text integrates the study of ethics into public management training, highlighting Supreme Court opinions on three specific constitutional values-equality, freedom, and property-focusing on the pedagogical aspects of law and posing challenging questions to help readers apply theories to concrete situations. It includes a case index for further research. Topics of specific interest include abortion, affirmative action, bureaucratic bashing, civil disobedience, the Ethics in Government Act of 1978, the Iran-Contra scandal, moral absolutism, privileged communications, religious fundamentalism, and whistle blowing. The Midwest Review of Pubic Administration lauds it as "...a unique teaching tool."
Book Synopsis Welfare and Rational Care by : Stephen L. Darwall
Download or read book Welfare and Rational Care written by Stephen L. Darwall and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What kind of life best ensures human welfare? Since the ancient Greeks, this question has been as central to ethical philosophy as to ordinary reflection. But what exactly is welfare? This question has suffered from relative neglect. And, as Stephen Darwall shows, it has done so at a price. Presenting a provocative new "rational care theory of welfare," Darwall proves that a proper understanding of welfare fundamentally changes how we think about what is best for people. Most philosophers have assumed that a person's welfare is what is good from her point of view, namely, what she has a distinctive reason to pursue. In the now standard terminology, welfare is assumed to have an "agent-relative normativity." Darwall by contrast argues that someone's good is what one should want for that person insofar as one cares for her. Welfare, in other words, is normative, but not peculiarly for the person whose welfare is at stake. In addition, Darwall makes the radical proposal that something's contributing to someone's welfare is the same thing as its being something one ought to want for her own sake, insofar as one cares. Darwall defends this theory with clarity, precision, and elegance, and with a subtle understanding of the place of sympathetic concern in the rich psychology of sympathy and empathy. His forceful arguments will change how we understand a concept central to ethics and our understanding of human bonds and human choices.
Book Synopsis Ethics, Economics and Freedom by : Timothy P. Roth
Download or read book Ethics, Economics and Freedom written by Timothy P. Roth and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1999 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Outcomes–based, procedurally –detached social welfare theory is found to be indeterminate, irreconcilable with the moral force of rights, and non–accommodative of alternative understandings of justice. The author argues, therefore, for an explicitly normative, contractarian approach to economic theory and institutional appraisal.
