Value Capture And Brand Community Management

Download Value Capture And Brand Community Management full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Value Capture And Brand Community Management ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Creating and Capturing Value through Crowdsourcing

Author : Christopher L. Tucci
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192548204
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Creating and Capturing Value through Crowdsourcing by : Christopher L. Tucci

Download or read book Creating and Capturing Value through Crowdsourcing written by Christopher L. Tucci and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-16 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examples of the value that can be created and captured through crowdsourcing go back to at least 1714 when the UK used crowdsourcing to solve the Longitude Problem, obtaining a solution that would enable the UK to become the dominant maritime force of its time. Today, Wikipedia uses crowds to provide entries for the world's largest and free encyclopedia. Partly fueled by the value that can be created and captured through crowdsourcing, interest in researching the phenomenon has been remarkable. Despite this - or perhaps because of it - research into crowdsourcing has been conducted in different research silos, within the fields of management (from strategy to finance to operations to information systems), biology, communications, computer science, economics, political science, among others. In these silos, crowdsourcing takes names such as broadcast search, innovation tournaments, crowdfunding, community innovation, distributed innovation, collective intelligence, open source, crowdpower, and even open innovation. This book aims to assemble chapters from many of these silos, since the ultimate potential of crowdsourcing research is likely to be attained only by bridging them. Chapters provide a systematic overview of the research on crowdsourcing from different fields based on a more encompassing definition of the concept, its difference for innovation, and its value for both private and public sector.

Finance Reconsidered

Author : Bernard Paranque
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1785609793
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (856 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Finance Reconsidered by : Bernard Paranque

Download or read book Finance Reconsidered written by Bernard Paranque and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2016-09-06 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume argues the need for a radical break with the methodological individualism that dominates economics, management and finance, asking 'How should we (re)define the concept of value?' and serving as a stepping stone for the rethinking of academic finance.

Online Brand Communities

Author : Francisco J. Martínez-López
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331924826X
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Online Brand Communities by : Francisco J. Martínez-López

Download or read book Online Brand Communities written by Francisco J. Martínez-López and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-11 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents and analyzes the concept of online brand communities, an emerging and exciting topic in marketing and eCommerce. First, it lays out the foundations like the evolution of the Web and the so-called Social Web, its utility for users and businesses, and the evolution of the marketing mind-set to adapt the Social Web. On this basis, the book then presents a detailed analysis of online brand communities, examining the concept of virtual community with a specific focus on virtual brand communities. In this context the book also explores recent trends related to branding and brand management. Next, it proposes a classification system for online brand communities, taking into account questions like the motivating factors for consumers to join, participate and stay in a community. The process of value creation in communities is examined from both business and consumer perspectives. The book draws to a close with a brief presentation of the process broadly accepted for the successful development of online brand communities.

Implementing Value Capture in Latin America

Author : Martim Oscar Smolka
Publisher : Lincoln Inst of Land Policy
ISBN 13 : 9781558442849
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (428 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Implementing Value Capture in Latin America by : Martim Oscar Smolka

Download or read book Implementing Value Capture in Latin America written by Martim Oscar Smolka and published by Lincoln Inst of Land Policy. This book was released on 2013 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report examines a variety of specific instruments and applications in municipalities throughout the region under three categories: property taxation and betterment contributions; exactions and other direct negotiations for charges for building rights or the transfer of development rights; and large-scale approaches such as development of public land through privatization or acquisition, land readjustment, and public auctions of bonds for purchasing building rights. It concludes with a summary of lessons learned and recommends steps that can be taken in three spheres: Learn from Implementation Experiences Increase Knowledge about Theory and Practice Promote Greater Public Understanding and Participation

Social Media in the Marketing Context

Author : Cherniece J. Plume
Publisher : Chandos Publishing
ISBN 13 : 008101757X
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Social Media in the Marketing Context by : Cherniece J. Plume

Download or read book Social Media in the Marketing Context written by Cherniece J. Plume and published by Chandos Publishing. This book was released on 2016-09-30 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social media has provided endless opportunities for marketers, fuelling their desire to learn more about their consumers through this dynamic online environment. Yet many organisations are finding it difficult to create effective marketing strategies, making decisions that are based on research that is highly focused on the nature and boundaries of social media. The changing behaviour of consumers, variety of platforms and changing culture indicates that much of the research around this topic is still highly fragmented. Social Media in the Marketing Context: A State of the Art Analysis and Future Directions provides a comprehensive overview of the current literature surrounding social media and the marketing discipline, highlighting future development opportunities in both knowledge and practice. - includes extensive literature search on social media in the context of the marketing discipline - provides key areas for future research and recommendations for practitioners - shows the importance for marketers of understanding individual behaviour on social media

Digital and Social Media Marketing

Author : Nripendra P. Rana
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030243745
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Digital and Social Media Marketing by : Nripendra P. Rana

Download or read book Digital and Social Media Marketing written by Nripendra P. Rana and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines issues and implications of digital and social media marketing for emerging markets. These markets necessitate substantial adaptations of developed theories and approaches employed in the Western world. The book investigates problems specific to emerging markets, while identifying new theoretical constructs and practical applications of digital marketing. It addresses topics such as electronic word of mouth (eWOM), demographic differences in digital marketing, mobile marketing, search engine advertising, among others. A radical increase in both temporal and geographical reach is empowering consumers to exert influence on brands, products, and services. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and digital media are having a significant impact on the way people communicate and fulfil their socio-economic, emotional and material needs. These technologies are also being harnessed by businesses for various purposes including distribution and selling of goods, retailing of consumer services, customer relationship management, and influencing consumer behaviour by employing digital marketing practices. This book considers this, as it examines the practice and research related to digital and social media marketing.

Online Community Management For Dummies

Author : Deborah Ng
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118182782
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (181 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Online Community Management For Dummies by : Deborah Ng

Download or read book Online Community Management For Dummies written by Deborah Ng and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-12-15 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn to manage, grow, and communicate with your online community Online community management is a growing profession and companies are investing in online communities in order to gain consumer insights into products and to test new products. An effective and dedicated community manager is essential to engage and manage a successful online consumer community. This straightforward-but-fun guide shows you how to effectively manage, grow, and communicate with your online community. Clear coverage shares tips for dealing with customers and fans through Twitter, Facebook, forums, and blogs. A practical approach shows you how to ensure that visitors to your site are satisfied, kept happy, and return. You'll explore the various types of online communities and benefit from learning an assortment of tips and tools that will help you stand out above the competition, attract more visitors and gain the attention of potential advertisers and investors. Aims at providing community managers the information they need to get a handle on their online communities and make them successful Addresses the role of the community manager, the core community management tasks, and how to create an online community Highlights ways to build relationships within your community, evaluate return on investment, and handle and respond to criticism Offers advice for establishing policies and transparency and encouraging community interaction Online Community Management For Dummies is the ideal introductory guide for making sure that visitors to your site have a good experience and return for more.

They Ask, You Answer

Author : Marcus Sheridan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119610141
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis They Ask, You Answer by : Marcus Sheridan

Download or read book They Ask, You Answer written by Marcus Sheridan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-08-06 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The revolutionary guide that challenged businesses around the world to stop selling to their buyers and start answering their questions to get results; revised and updated to address new technology, trends, the continuous evolution of the digital consumer, and much more In today’s digital age, the traditional sales funnel—marketing at the top, sales in the middle, customer service at the bottom—is no longer effective. To be successful, businesses must obsess over the questions, concerns, and problems their buyers have, and address them as honestly and as thoroughly as possible. Every day, buyers turn to search engines to ask billions of questions. Having the answers they need can attract thousands of potential buyers to your company—but only if your content strategy puts your answers at the top of those search results. It’s a simple and powerful equation that produces growth and success: They Ask, You Answer. Using these principles, author Marcus Sheridan led his struggling pool company from the bleak depths of the housing crash of 2008 to become one of the largest pool installers in the United States. Discover how his proven strategy can work for your business and master the principles of inbound and content marketing that have empowered thousands of companies to achieve exceptional growth. They Ask, You Answer is a straightforward guide filled with practical tactics and insights for transforming your marketing strategy. This new edition has been fully revised and updated to reflect the evolution of content marketing and the increasing demands of today’s internet-savvy buyers. New chapters explore the impact of technology, conversational marketing, the essential elements every business website should possess, the rise of video, and new stories from companies that have achieved remarkable results with They Ask, You Answer. Upon reading this book, you will know: How to build trust with buyers through content and video. How to turn your web presence into a magnet for qualified buyers. What works and what doesn’t through new case studies, featuring real-world results from companies that have embraced these principles. Why you need to think of your business as a media company, instead of relying on more traditional (and ineffective) ways of advertising and marketing. How to achieve buy-in at your company and truly embrace a culture of content and video. How to transform your current customer base into loyal brand advocates for your company. They Ask, You Answer is a must-have resource for companies that want a fresh approach to marketing and sales that is proven to generate more traffic, leads, and sales.

The Community Manager's Playbook

Author : Lauren Perkins
Publisher : Apress
ISBN 13 : 143024996X
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Community Manager's Playbook by : Lauren Perkins

Download or read book The Community Manager's Playbook written by Lauren Perkins and published by Apress. This book was released on 2015-01-05 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Savvy companies recognize the value of a strong community. Think of Nike and its community of runners, Nike+, and you’ll quickly understand that creating and fostering an online community around a product or brand is a powerful way to boost marketing efforts, gain valuable insight into consumers, increase revenue, improve consumer loyalty, and enhance customer service efforts. Companies now have the unprecedented opportunity to integrate their brand’s messaging into the everyday lives of their target audiences. But while supporting the growth of online communities should be at the top of every company’s priority list, all too often it falls by the wayside. That’s why brand strategy expert and digital marketer Lauren Perkins wrote The Community Manager’s Playbook (#CMplaybook on Twitter), a must-read guide for business and brand builders who need to strengthen their approach to online B2C community management and customer engagement. As Perkins explains, if companies want to create thriving online communities focused on their product or brand, they must do more than simply issue a few tweets a day, create (and then abandon) a Facebook page, and blog every once in a while. Instead, organizations of all sizes must treat community management as a central component of their overall marketing strategy. When they do, they will be rewarded handsomely with greater brand awareness, increased customer use and retention, lower acquisition costs, and a tribe of consumers who can’t wait to purchase their next product. Perkins not only teaches readers how to build an engaging community strategy from the ground up, but she also provides them with the tactical community management activities they need to acquire and retain customers, create compelling content, and track their results along the way. Distinctive in its comprehensive, step-by-step approach to creating online communities that are fully consistent with a company’s existing brand voice, The Community Manager’s Playbook: Explains how excellent community management provides a competitive advantage with a large impact on sales Provides an in-depth overview of brand and business alignment Teaches readers how to identify their community's online target audience and influence their needs and wants Details the appropriate online channels through which content should be distributed Champions the use of an agile approach through repeated testing to maximize the return on every company investment Discusses the many diverse metrics that can be used to measure community scope Today, there is no brand strategy without a community strategy. Companies that are not developing communities are losing control of their brands and missing opportunities to optimize their marketing investments. With The Community Manager’s Playbook as their guide, however, marketing professionals and the companies and brands they represent will be equipped with the tools they need to manage their online marketing efforts, engage their core customers at every level, leverage community insights into the product development cycle, and ensure that their messaging is heard across all corners of the digital landscape.

The Business of Aspiration

Author : Ana Andjelic
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000201503
Total Pages : 71 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Business of Aspiration by : Ana Andjelic

Download or read book The Business of Aspiration written by Ana Andjelic and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-26 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Business of Aspiration is about how consumers' shifting status symbols affect business and brand strategy. These changing status symbols, like taste, aesthetic innovation, curation or environmentalism create the modern aspirational economy. In the traditional economy, consumers signaled their status through collecting commodities, Instagram followers, airline miles, and busy back-to-back schedules. By contrast, in the aspirational economy, consumers increasingly convey status through collecting knowledge, taste, micro-communities, and influence. This new capital changes the way businesses and entire markets operate, and yet the modern aspirational economy is still an under-explored area in business and culture. The Business of Aspiration changes that. In this book, marketers will find examples, analyses and tools on how brands can successfully grow in the modern aspirational economy. The Business of Aspiration answers questions like, "what is good for my brand long-term?", "how is this business decision going to impact our culture?" or "what are the main objectives of our growth?" Marketers will learn to shift their brand narrative and competitive strategy, to create and distribute new brand symbols, and to ensure that their brand’s products and services create both monetary and social value.

Value Capture and Land Policies

Author : Gregory K. Ingram
Publisher : Lincoln Inst of Land Policy
ISBN 13 : 9781558442276
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Value Capture and Land Policies by : Gregory K. Ingram

Download or read book Value Capture and Land Policies written by Gregory K. Ingram and published by Lincoln Inst of Land Policy. This book was released on 2012 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Attention to value capture as a source of public revenue has been increasing in the United States and internationally as some governments experience declines in revenue from traditional sources and others face rapid urban population growth and require large investments in public infrastructure. Privately funded improvements by land-owners can increase the value of their land and property. Public actions, such as investments in infrastructure, the provision of public services, and planning and land use regulation, can also affect the value of land and property. Value capture is a means to realize as public revenue some portion of that increase in value through various revenue-raising instruments. This book, based on the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy's sixth annual land policy conference in May 2011, examines the concept of value capture, its forms, and applications. The first section, on the conceptual framework and history of value capture, reviews its relationship to compensation for partial takings; the long history of value capture policies in Britain and France; and the remarkable expansion of tax increment financing in California. The second section reviews the application of particular instruments of value capture, including the conversion of rural to urban land in China, town planning schemes in India, and community benefit agreements. The third section focuses on ends instead of means and examines the use of value capture by community land trusts to provide affordable housing, the use of land development to finance transit, and the use of various fees to fund airports. The final section explores potential extensions of value capture mechanisms to tax-exempt nonprofits and to the management of state trust lands in the United States."--Publisher's website.

Public Value Capture of Increasing Property Values across Europe

Author : Jean-Marie Halleux
Publisher : vdf Hochschulverlag AG
ISBN 13 : 3728141461
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Public Value Capture of Increasing Property Values across Europe by : Jean-Marie Halleux

Download or read book Public Value Capture of Increasing Property Values across Europe written by Jean-Marie Halleux and published by vdf Hochschulverlag AG. This book was released on 2022-11-18 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land Value Capture, Value Increase, Capital Gain, Land-Use Planning, Taxation, Development, Investment Public value capture is an essential phenomenon to improve the refinancing of public infrastructure and secure the necessary budget for other important duties like education, health and social care. For this reason, smart tools are needed for a successful implementation. This book provides an overview and discussion of instruments and practices in 29 European countries.

Routledge Handbook of Football Business and Management

Author : Simon Chadwick
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351262785
Total Pages : 600 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of Football Business and Management by : Simon Chadwick

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Football Business and Management written by Simon Chadwick and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-11-19 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soccer is the world’s most valuable sport, generating bigger revenues, as well as being watched and played by more people, than any other. It is virtually impossible to understand the business of sport without understanding the football industry. This book surveys contemporary football in unparalleled breadth and depth. Presenting critical insights from world-leading football scholars and introducing football’s key organisations, leagues and emerging nations, it explores key themes from governance and law to strategy and finance, as well as cutting edge topics such as analytics, digital media and the women’s game. This is essential reading for all students, researchers and practitioners working in football, sport business, sport management or mainstream business and management.

Handbook of Research on Sport and Business

Author : S. Söderman
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1781005869
Total Pages : 597 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (81 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on Sport and Business by : S. Söderman

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Sport and Business written by S. Söderman and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ÔSšderman and Dolles have assembled an impressive array of researchers to address the nexus between sport and business. In their rich collection of research on sport business theory and practice Sšderman and Dolles identify research themes from governance to branding, from sport events to sport systems, and from social media to fan identity, and they specifically reflect on the application of major theoretical concepts and key research methods. The authorsÕ aim is to advance sport business research through critical reflection on topic selection, research design, data analysis and interpretation. Their unique approach encourages researchers, from novice to experienced, to embrace diverse theories and methods. The Handbook is recommended reading for those interested in advancing sport business research.Õ Ð Graham Cuskelly, Griffith University, Australia ÔThis insight-laden volume encompasses today's and tomorrow's research across the multifaceted landscape of the business side of sport -- from branding and sponsorship to media and technology, from club management to governance. It effectively encompasses both theory and practice. Scholars, students, and practitioners will find this cogent collection of international consumer and business research knowledge and perspectives both informative and useful.Õ Ð Stephen A. Greyser, Harvard Business School, US ÔThis Handbook directly responds to the rapid professional, commercial and international development of sport. With its thoughtful structure, comprehensive coverage of topics and renowned contributors it offers a thorough analysis on the management challenges in the field. It also offers very valuable insights and guidance how the business of sport can be researched by students, academics and practitioners around the world. The book is simply a must-read for anyone interested in the management aspects of sports.Õ Ð Yoshiaki Takahashi, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan This Handbook draws together top international researchers and discusses the state of the art and the future direction of research at the nexus between sport and business. It is heavily built upon choosing, applying and evaluating appropriate quantitative as well as qualitative research methods for practical advice in sport and business research. Topics covered for analysis include sports governance, regulation and performance; media and technology; club management and team structure; place, time and spectators of sporting events; and sport branding and sponsoring. The Handbook covers research examples from elite sport to the amateur level, and from different sports, from cycling to cricket, from ice hockey to motorsports, and from football to skiing. It will be read and used by academics and PhD students as well as sports practitioners looking for useful ways of expanding knowledge, conducting research or searching for insights into the challenges of managing sport.

Building Corporate Identity, Image and Reputation in the Digital Era

Author : T C Melewar
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000382176
Total Pages : 573 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Building Corporate Identity, Image and Reputation in the Digital Era by : T C Melewar

Download or read book Building Corporate Identity, Image and Reputation in the Digital Era written by T C Melewar and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2021-07-29 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brands – corporate, products, service – today are collectively defined by their customers, deriving from personal experiences and word of mouth. This book acts as a forum for examining current and future trends in corporate branding, identity, image and reputation. Recognising the complexity and plurality at the heart of the corporate branding discipline, this book fills a gap in the literature by posing a number of original research questions on the intrinsic nature of corporate branding ideas from corporate (external) and organisation (internal) identity perspectives as they relate to brand management, corporate reputation, marketing communications, social media, smart technology, experiential and sensory marketing. It incorporates current thinking and developments by both multidisciplinary academics and practitioners, combining a comprehensive theoretical foundation with practical insights. The text will serve as an important resource for the marketing, identity and brand practitioners requiring more than anecdotal evidence on the structure and operation of stakeholders communication in different geographical areas. It determines current practices and researches in diverse areas, regions and commercial and non-commercial sectors across the world. The book provides scholars, researchers and postgraduate students in business and marketing with a comprehensive treatment of the nature of relationships between companies, brands and stakeholders in different areas and regions of the world.

Light Metals 2014

Author : John Grandfield
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319481444
Total Pages : 1351 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Light Metals 2014 by : John Grandfield

Download or read book Light Metals 2014 written by John Grandfield and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-23 with total page 1351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Light Metals symposia are a key part of the TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition, presenting the most recent developments, discoveries, and practices in primary aluminum science and technology. Publishing the proceedings from these important symposia, the Light Metals volume has become the definitive reference in the field of aluminum production and related light metal technologies. The 2014 collection includes papers from the following symposia: •Alumina and Bauxite •Aluminum Alloys: Fabrication, Characterization and Applications •Aluminum Processing •Aluminum Reduction Technology •Cast Shop for Aluminum Production •Electrode Technology for Aluminum Production •Light-metal Matrix (Nano)-composites

Crowdsourcing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

Author : Management Association, Information Resources
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1522583637
Total Pages : 1711 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (225 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Crowdsourcing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications by : Management Association, Information Resources

Download or read book Crowdsourcing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-05-03 with total page 1711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the growth of information technology, many new communication channels and platforms have emerged. This growth has advanced the work of crowdsourcing, allowing individuals and companies in various industries to coordinate efforts on different levels and in different areas. Providing new and unique sources of knowledge outside organizations enables innovation and shapes competitive advantage. Crowdsourcing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications is a collection of innovative research on the methods and applications of crowdsourcing in business operations and management, science, healthcare, education, and politics. Highlighting a range of topics such as crowd computing, macrotasking, and observational crowdsourcing, this multi-volume book is ideally designed for business executives, professionals, policymakers, academicians, and researchers interested in all aspects of crowdsourcing.