Uto-Aztecan Indian Origins

Download Uto-Aztecan Indian Origins PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781475044829
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (448 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Uto-Aztecan Indian Origins by : Oreste Lombardi

Download or read book Uto-Aztecan Indian Origins written by Oreste Lombardi and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-06-01 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In my tribal calling as genealogist for the Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah I have ammassed Native Amrican family histories covering Arizona, Califronia, Idaho, Nevada, and Utah. 46,000 names so far. This has permitted me to elucidate their migrations and origins. This study included the Cahuilla, Chemehuevi, Kawaiisu, Luiseno, Mono Paiute, Southern Paiute, Serrano, Shoshone, Tataviam (Fernandeno), Timbisha (Death Valley), Tongva (Gabrielino), and the Tubatulabals. This book is the result of this study. This book explores the Indian slave trade along with Indian escape stories. Indian origin stories are related. One escape story is about the Garfias ranch in Altadena and Pasadena, California. Another escape story tells of escape from Navajo servitude. A Tataviam story teller from the first century B.C. tells a thrilling epic sea voyage that he takes from the seething cauldron of Mesoamerican violence to Santa Clarita, California by way of a white knuckle adventure that takes him to Northern California. Then he takes you on a thrilling adventure of discovery and geological magic (magic to him) in the deserts of California. His adventures will reach out and grab you. The role of Death Valley in peopling the Great Basin is explored. The great Ute migration to Utah is elucidated. Southern and Northern Paiute origins are probed. The Tongva (Gabrielino Indians) of the Los Angeles Basin are depicted as the source from whence the Cahuilla, Serrano, and Luiseno Indians came from. Whereas the Tongva (Fernadeno Indians) are shown to be the source ot the tribes of the desert areas north and northeast from Los Angeles on into Nevada, idaho, Utah, Wyoming, and out on to the plains as the dreaded Comanche. After the collapse of the Anasazi came the Southern Paiutes to fill the Anasazi vacancy ahead of the Navajo migration.

A Prehistory of Western North America

Download A Prehistory of Western North America PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : UNM Press
ISBN 13 : 0826354815
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (263 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Prehistory of Western North America by : David Leedom Shaul

Download or read book A Prehistory of Western North America written by David Leedom Shaul and published by UNM Press. This book was released on 2014-06-30 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a new approach to the use of linguistic data to reconstruct prehistory. The author shows how a well-studied language family—in this case Uto-Aztecan—can be used as an instrument for reconstructing prehistory. The main focus of Shaul’s work is the mapping of Uto-Aztecan. By presenting various models of Uto-Aztecan prehistory, by assessing multiple models simultaneously, and by guiding readers through areas where the evidence is not so clear, Shaul helps nonspecialists develop the tools needed for evaluating various historical linguistics models themselves. He evaluates both archaeological and genetic evidence as well, placing it carefully alongside the linguistic evidence he knows best. Shaul’s thorough treatment provides many new avenues for future research on the historical anthropology of western North America.

Exploring the Explanatory Power of Semitic and Egyptian in Uto-Aztecan

Download Exploring the Explanatory Power of Semitic and Egyptian in Uto-Aztecan PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780986318931
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (189 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Exploring the Explanatory Power of Semitic and Egyptian in Uto-Aztecan by :

Download or read book Exploring the Explanatory Power of Semitic and Egyptian in Uto-Aztecan written by and published by . This book was released on 2015-10-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study in historical linguistics of the presence of Semitic and Egyptian in the Uto-Aztecan language family, helping to explain various puzzles of linguisitics within Uto-Aztecan

Studies in American Indian Languages

Download Studies in American Indian Languages PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520097890
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Studies in American Indian Languages by : Leanne Hinton

Download or read book Studies in American Indian Languages written by Leanne Hinton and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of 31 articles (dedicated to Margaret Langdon) represents the multitude of approaches to Native American languages taken by linguists today. Half of the essays treat Hokan languages, but Uto-Aztecan, Penutian, Muskogean, Iroquoian, Mayan, and other groups are also represented, with pieces on phonology, syntax, the lexicon, and discourse.

Origin of the Earth and Moon

Download Origin of the Earth and Moon PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 9780816521395
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (213 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Origin of the Earth and Moon by : Shirley Silver

Download or read book Origin of the Earth and Moon written by Shirley Silver and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive survey of indigenous languages of the New World introduces students and general readers to the mosaic of American Indian languages and cultures and offers an approach to grasping their subtleties. Authors Silver and Miller demonstrate the complexity and diversity of these languages while dispelling popular misconceptions. Their text reveals the linguistic richness of languages found throughout the Americas, emphasizing those located in the western United States and Mexico while drawing on a wide range of other examples from Canada to the Andes. It introduces readers to such varied aspects of communicating as directionals and counting systems, storytelling, expressive speech, Mexican Kickapoo whistle speech, and Plains sign language. The authors have included the basics of grammar and historical linguistics while emphasizing such issues as speech genres and other sociolinguistic issues and the relation between language and worldview. American Indian Languages: Cultural and Social Contexts is a comprehensive resource that will serve as a text in undergraduate and lower-level graduate courses on Native American languages and provide a useful reference for students of American Indian literature or general linguistics. It also introduces general readers interested in Native Americans to the amazing diversity and richness of indigenous American languages.

Encyclopedia of American Indian History [4 volumes]

Download Encyclopedia of American Indian History [4 volumes] PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1851098186
Total Pages : 1730 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (51 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of American Indian History [4 volumes] by : Bruce E. Johansen

Download or read book Encyclopedia of American Indian History [4 volumes] written by Bruce E. Johansen and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2007-07-23 with total page 1730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new four-volume encyclopedia is the most comprehensive and up-to-date resource available on the history of Native Americans, providing a lively, authoritative survey ranging from human origins to present-day controversies. From the origins of Native American cultures through the years of colonialism and non-Native expansion to the present, Encyclopedia of American Indian History brings the story of Native Americans to life like no other previous reference on the subject. Featuring the work of many of the field's foremost scholars, it explores this fundamental and foundational aspect of the American experience with extraordinary depth, breadth, and currency, carefully balancing the perspectives of both Native and non-Native Americans. Encyclopedia of American Indian History spans the centuries with three thematically organized volumes (covering the period from precontact through European colonization; the years of non-Native expansion (including Indian removal); and the modern era of reservations, reforms, and reclamation of semi-sovereignty). Each volume includes entries on key events, places, people, and issues. The fourth volume is an alphabetically organized resource providing histories of Native American nations, as well as an extensive chronology, topic finder, bibliography, and glossary. For students, historians, or anyone interested in the Native American experience, Encyclopedia of American Indian History brings that experience to life in an unprecedented way.

The Languages of Native America

Download The Languages of Native America PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 0292768508
Total Pages : 1041 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (927 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Languages of Native America by : Lyle Campbell

Download or read book The Languages of Native America written by Lyle Campbell and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 1979-10-01 with total page 1041 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These essays were drawn from the papers presented at the Linguistic Society of America's Summer Institute at the State University of New York at Oswego in 1976. The contents are as follows: Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun, "Introduction: North American Indian Historical Linguistics in Current Perspective" Ives Goddard, "Comparative Algonquian" Marianne Mithun, "Iroquoian" Wallace L. Chafe, "Caddoan" David S. Rood, "Siouan" Mary R. Haas, "Southeastern Languages" James M. Crawford, "Timucua and Yuchi: Two Language Isolates of the Southeast" Ives Goddard, "The Languages of South Texas and the Lower Rio Grande" Irvine Davis, "The Kiowa-Tanoan, Keresan, and Zuni Languages" Susan Steele, "Uto-Aztecan: An Assessment for Historical and Comparative Linguistics" William H. Jacobsen, Jr., "Hokan lnter-Branch Comparisons" Margaret Langdon, "Some Thoughts on Hokan with Particular Reference to Pomoan and Yuman" Michael Silverstein, ''Penutian: An Assessment" Laurence C. Thompson, "Salishan and the Northwest" William H. Jacobsen, Jr., "Wakashan Comparative Studies" William H. Jacobsen, Jr., "Chimakuan Comparative Studies" Michael E. Krauss, "Na-Dene and Eskimo-Aleut" Lyle CampbelI, "Middle American Languages" Eric S. Hamp, "A Glance from Now On."

Being and Becoming Ute

Download Being and Becoming Ute PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781607816669
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (166 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Being and Becoming Ute by : Sondra G Jones

Download or read book Being and Becoming Ute written by Sondra G Jones and published by . This book was released on 2019-02-28 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sondra Jones traces the metamorphosis of the Ute people from a society of small, interrelated bands of mobile hunter-gatherers to sovereign, dependent nations--modern tribes who run extensive business enterprises and government services. Weaving together the history of all Ute groups--in Colorado, Utah, and New Mexico--the narrative describes their traditional culture, including the many facets that have continued to define them as a people. Jones emphasizes how the Utes adapted over four centuries and details events, conflicts, trade, and social interactions with non-Utes and non-Indians. Being and Becoming Ute examines the effects of boarding--and public--school education; colonial wars and commerce with Hispanic and American settlers; modern world wars and other international conflicts; battles over federally instigated termination, tribal identity, and membership; and the development of economic enterprises and political power. The book also explores the concerns of the modern Ute world, including social and medical issues, transformed religion, and the fight to perpetuate Ute identity in the twenty-first century. Neither a portrait of a people frozen in a past time and place nor a tragedy in which vanishing Indians sank into oppressed oblivion, the history of the Ute people is dynamic and evolving. While it includes misfortune, injustice, and struggle, it reveals the adaptability and resilience of an American Indian people.

A Companion to American Indian History

Download A Companion to American Indian History PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1405143789
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (51 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Companion to American Indian History by : Philip J. Deloria

Download or read book A Companion to American Indian History written by Philip J. Deloria and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Companion to American Indian History captures the thematic breadth of Native American history over the last forty years. Twenty-five original essays by leading scholars in the field, both American Indian and non-American Indian, bring an exciting modern perspective to Native American histories that were at one time related exclusively by Euro-American settlers. Contains 25 original essays by leading experts in Native American history. Covers the breadth of American Indian history, including contacts with settlers, religion, family, economy, law, education, gender issues, and culture. Surveys and evaluates the best scholarship on every important era and topic. Summarizes current debates and anticipates future concerns.

The Oxford Handbook of American Indian History

Download The Oxford Handbook of American Indian History PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190614021
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of American Indian History by : Frederick E. Hoxie

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of American Indian History written by Frederick E. Hoxie and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-04-13 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Everything you know about Indians is wrong." As the provocative title of Paul Chaat Smith's 2009 book proclaims, everyone knows about Native Americans, but most of what they know is the fruit of stereotypes and vague images. The real people, real communities, and real events of indigenous America continue to elude most people. The Oxford Handbook of American Indian History confronts this erroneous view by presenting an accurate and comprehensive history of the indigenous peoples who lived-and live-in the territory that became the United States. Thirty-two leading experts, both Native and non-Native, describe the historical developments of the past 500 years in American Indian history, focusing on significant moments of upheaval and change, histories of indigenous occupation, and overviews of Indian community life. The first section of the book charts Indian history from before 1492 to European invasions and settlement, analyzing US expansion and its consequences for Indian survival up to the twenty-first century. A second group of essays consists of regional and tribal histories. The final section illuminates distinctive themes of Indian life, including gender, sexuality and family, spirituality, art, intellectual history, education, public welfare, legal issues, and urban experiences. A much-needed and eye-opening account of American Indians, this Handbook unveils the real history often hidden behind wrong assumptions, offering stimulating ideas and resources for new generations to pursue research on this topic.

The Natural History of the Soul in Ancient Mexico

Download The Natural History of the Soul in Ancient Mexico PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780300072600
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (726 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Natural History of the Soul in Ancient Mexico by : Jill Leslie McKeever Furst

Download or read book The Natural History of the Soul in Ancient Mexico written by Jill Leslie McKeever Furst and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A richly illustrated look at basic Precolumbian beliefs among ancient Mesoamerican peoples about life and death, body and soul. Drawing on linguistic, ethnographic, and iconographic sources, art historian Jill McKeever Furst argues that the Mexica turned not to mental or linguistic constructions for verifying ideas about the soul, but to what they experienced through the senses. 32 illustrations.

When Dream Bear Sings

Download When Dream Bear Sings PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 1496208668
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (962 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis When Dream Bear Sings by : Gus Palmer

Download or read book When Dream Bear Sings written by Gus Palmer and published by University of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2018-11-01 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the canon of nineteenth-century Native American writers represents rich literary expression, it derives generally from a New England perspective. Equally rich and rare poetry, songs, and storytelling were produced farther west by Indians residing on the Southern Plains. When Dream Bear Sings is a multidisciplinary, diversified, multicultural anthology that includes English translations accompanied by analytic and interpretive text outlines by leading scholars of eight major language groups of the Southern Plains: Iroquoian, Uto-Aztecan, Caddoan, Siouan, Algonquian, Kiowa-Tanoan, Athabaskan, and Tonkawa. These indigenous language families represent Indian nations and tribal groups across the Southern Plains of the United States, many of whom were exiled from their homelands east of the Mississippi River to settlements in Kansas and Oklahoma by the Indian Removal Act of the 1830s. Although indigenous culture groups on the Southern Plains are complex and diverse, their character traits are easily identifiable in the stories of their oral traditions, and some of the most creative and unique expressions of the human experience in the Americas appear in this book. Gus Palmer Jr. brings together a volume that not only updates old narratives but also enhances knowledge of indigenous culture through a modern generation’s familiarity with new, evolving theories and methodologies regarding verbal art performance.

Crow-Omaha

Download Crow-Omaha PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 0816599319
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (165 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Crow-Omaha by : Thomas R. Trautmann

Download or read book Crow-Omaha written by Thomas R. Trautmann and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2012-11-01 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The “Crow-Omaha problem” has perplexed anthropologists since it was first described by Lewis Henry Morgan in 1871. During his worldwide survey of kinship systems, Morgan learned with astonishment that some Native American societies call some relatives of different generations by the same terms. Why? Intergenerational “skewing” in what came to be named “Crow” and “Omaha” systems has provoked a wealth of anthropological arguments, from Rivers to Radcliffe-Brown, from Lowie to Lévi-Strauss, and many more. Crow-Omaha systems, it turns out, are both uncommon and yet found distributed around the world. For anthropologists, cracking the Crow-Omaha problem is critical to understanding how social systems transform from one type into another, both historically in particular settings and evolutionarily in the broader sweep of human relations. This volume examines the Crow-Omaha problem from a variety of perspectives—historical, linguistic, formalist, structuralist, culturalist, evolutionary, and phylogenetic. It focuses on the regions where Crow-Omaha systems occur: Native North America, Amazonia, West Africa, Northeast and East Africa, aboriginal Australia, northeast India, and the Tibeto-Burman area. The international roster of authors includes leading experts in their fields. The book offers a state-of-the-art assessment of Crow-Omaha kinship and carries forward the work of the landmark volume Transformations of Kinship, published in 1998. Intended for students and scholars alike, it is composed of brief, accessible chapters that respect the complexity of the ideas while presenting them clearly. The work serves as both a new benchmark in the explanation of kinship systems and an introduction to kinship studies for a new generation of students. Series Note: Formerly titled Amerind Studies in Archaeology, this series has recently been expanded and retitled Amerind Studies in Anthropology to incorporate a high quality and number of anthropology titles coming in to the series in addition to those in archaeology.

Indian Rock Writings

Download Indian Rock Writings PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Fulton Books, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 1649522401
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (495 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Indian Rock Writings by : Samuel E. Hunter

Download or read book Indian Rock Writings written by Samuel E. Hunter and published by Fulton Books, Inc.. This book was released on 2021-02-22 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effigy Hill, Inscription Canyon, Black Mountain Complex, Superior Valley, Barstow, California 05/2018 Indian Rock Writings represents a paradigm shift in American Indian studies, from illegally contrived cultural obscuration to actual documented historical fact... For seven thousand years, the history surrounding the Battle of Bear Paw, in the Black Mountain Complex, Superior Valley of Southern California, was taught to ‘oot (proto-Uto-Aztecan) children using Indian rock writings. This Native American history is confirmed by Southern Ute Elder Dr. James Jefferson, PhD, and representatives from countless Ute enclaves throughout the United States, Central and South America. “We already know all these things,” stipulates Dr. Jefferson, confirming the contents of the book in accordance with Indian law. In the 1850s, this battle and all Indian history were stolen from the Native Americans by an attorney for the railroads, mining and banking industries. Here within these covers is a preliminary primer, dictionary, and thesaurus with which to supplement a small portion of recorded Indian history. A history recovered from Indian rock writings spanning several thousand years and two thousand miles from Southern California to Illinois, Texas to Montana. Perhaps the contents will inspire more field research and unmask Indian truths obscured by design for more than one hundred sixty-five years...

Library of Congress Subject Headings

Download Library of Congress Subject Headings PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1456 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Library of Congress Subject Headings by : Library of Congress. Cataloging Policy and Support Office

Download or read book Library of Congress Subject Headings written by Library of Congress. Cataloging Policy and Support Office and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 1456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Why You Can't Teach United States History without American Indians

Download Why You Can't Teach United States History without American Indians PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469621215
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Why You Can't Teach United States History without American Indians by : Susan Sleeper-Smith

Download or read book Why You Can't Teach United States History without American Indians written by Susan Sleeper-Smith and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A resource for all who teach and study history, this book illuminates the unmistakable centrality of American Indian history to the full sweep of American history. The nineteen essays gathered in this collaboratively produced volume, written by leading scholars in the field of Native American history, reflect the newest directions of the field and are organized to follow the chronological arc of the standard American history survey. Contributors reassess major events, themes, groups of historical actors, and approaches--social, cultural, military, and political--consistently demonstrating how Native American people, and questions of Native American sovereignty, have animated all the ways we consider the nation's past. The uniqueness of Indigenous history, as interwoven more fully in the American story, will challenge students to think in new ways about larger themes in U.S. history, such as settlement and colonization, economic and political power, citizenship and movements for equality, and the fundamental question of what it means to be an American. Contributors are Chris Andersen, Juliana Barr, David R. M. Beck, Jacob Betz, Paul T. Conrad, Mikal Brotnov Eckstrom, Margaret D. Jacobs, Adam Jortner, Rosalyn R. LaPier, John J. Laukaitis, K. Tsianina Lomawaima, Robert J. Miller, Mindy J. Morgan, Andrew Needham, Jean M. O'Brien, Jeffrey Ostler, Sarah M. S. Pearsall, James D. Rice, Phillip H. Round, Susan Sleeper-Smith, and Scott Manning Stevens.

New Directions in American Indian History

Download New Directions in American Indian History PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN 13 : 9780806122335
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (223 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis New Directions in American Indian History by : Colin Gordon Calloway

Download or read book New Directions in American Indian History written by Colin Gordon Calloway and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year more than five hundred new books appear in the field of North American Indian history. There exists, however, no means by which scholars can easily judge which are most significant, which explore new fields of inquiry and ask new questions, and which areas are the subject of especially strong inquiry or are being overlooked. New Directions in American Indian History provides some answers to these questions by bringing together a collection of bibliographic essays by historians, anthropologists, sociologists, religionists, linguists, economists, and legal scholars who are working at the cutting edge of Indian history. This volume responds to the label "new directions" in two ways. First, it describes what new directions have been pursued recently by historians of the Indian experience. Second, it points out some new directions that remain to be pursued. Part One, "Recent Trends," contains six essays reviewing the following six areas where there has been significant interest and activity: quantitative methods in Native American history, by Melissa L. Meyer and Russell Thornton; American Indian women, by Deborah Welch; new developments in Métis history, by Dennis F.K. Madill; recent developments in southern plains Indian history, by Willard Rollings; Indians and the law, by George S. Grossman; and twentieth-century Indian history, by James Riding In. Part Two, "Emerging Trends," contains essays on aspects of Indian history that remain undeveloped: language study and Plains Indian history, by Douglas R. Parks; economics and American Indian history, by Ronald L. Trosper; and religious changes in Native American societies, by Robert A. Brightman. These latter essays present a critique of current scholarship and sketch an agenda for future inquiry. Taken together, the nine essays in this book will help students at all levels to evaluate recent scholarship and tap the immense contemporary literature on American Indian history.