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Using Finite Element Analysis Of Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers To Recommend Testing Procedures For Simulating Their Field Performance
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Book Synopsis Using Finite Element Analysis of Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers to Recommend Testing Procedures for Simulating Their Field Performance by : Ravi Prakash Agrawal
Download or read book Using Finite Element Analysis of Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers to Recommend Testing Procedures for Simulating Their Field Performance written by Ravi Prakash Agrawal and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers (RRPMs) supplement other pavement markings to provide guidance to road users. Previous research concerning durability of the RRPMs suggests that their performance has been degrading over the years. One of the main causes for underperformance of the RRPMs is the lack of appropriate laboratory testing standards that can test the adequacy of the RRPMs to perform in field conditions. There is a need to modify the existing standards or develop new testing procedures that can better simulate field conditions. This requires identifying critical locations and magnitudes of stresses inside the markers during the tire-marker impacts that happen on roads. The goal of this research was to identify critical magnitudes and locations of the stresses in RRPMs during the tire-marker impacts by doing the finite element modeling and simulation of the impacts, and use the information to recommend laboratory testing procedures that could simulate real-world conditions. The researcher modeled and simulated the tire-marker impacts using the finite element tools Hypermesh and LS-DYNA. He calibrated the material properties of the marker models to improve the tire-marker model. Based on the tire-marker impact simulations, the researcher concluded that the critical compressive stresses during impacts are located at the edge contacts of retroreflective sides with the top surface. The critical stresses may also occur at lower and upper corners of the marker. The other areas, especially the lower half of the marker, had tensile stresses. Angle of impact was found to be a critical external variable that affected the stresses inside the markers and the marker-pavement interface forces. The researcher then modeled and simulated a few laboratory-testing procedures that could simulate the field performance of the RRPMs. Based on these simulations, the researcher recommended that the ASTM compression test for evaluation of RRPMs be continued or a similar test be developed. He suggested development of one new test (named as offset compression test) that could better replicate the field conditions. He also recommended having a review of the ASTM flexural test.
Book Synopsis Using Finite Element Structural Analysis to Study Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers by : Jiaxin Tong
Download or read book Using Finite Element Structural Analysis to Study Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers written by Jiaxin Tong and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis investigates the stress inside Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers (RRPMs) under tire-marker impact and laboratory testing scenarios. Many RRPMs have poor durability although they meet certain standards of the existing laboratory tests. It has been suspected that the current testing procedures might not be adequate to decide the field performance of RRPMs. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the existing laboratory testing procedures and develop additional ones that could simulate the field performance of RRPMs more accurately. The tire-marker impact on rigid and flexible pavement will be investigated to identify the critical locations and magnitudes of stress inside markers during the impact. Various external factors, such as tire loading, tire speed, contact angle and contact location, might have effects on the stress inside markers during the impact and be considered as critical factors when developing a laboratory test. On the other hand, RRPMs have different profiles in terms of height, lens slope, and size etc, which affect the structure and field performance as well. The study explores the stress inside markers during the impact by varying the external factors and marker profile. In addition, the interface forces between RRPMs and pavement surface will be studied. Furthermore, the tire-marker impact simulation on rigid and flexible pavement will be compared so that specific testing procedures can be distinguished based on pavement type. Finally, the existing laboratory tests will be examined and additional tests be recommended based on the tire-marker impact analysis. The researcher found that the critical compressive stress is produced at the top edges of the markers on both types of pavement, while the patterns of critical tensile stress can be different between the two types of pavement. In addition, tire loading and contact location were determined to have effect on the stress inside the markers. Furthermore, different loading rates should be used in laboratory test based on pavement type. Finally, the researcher evaluated four laboratory tests and found that each test has its merit but none of them can test RRPMs comprehensively, so it is recommended that the four tests are used together to test RRPMs.
Book Synopsis Development of Measures to Improve Field Performance of Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers by :
Download or read book Development of Measures to Improve Field Performance of Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Retroreflective raised pavement markers (RRPMs) are routinely used in Texas to supplement highway pavement markings. In recent years, problems of marker failure such as poor retention on pavements, physical damage, and loss of retroreflectivity are common. All marker models used in Texas meet the requirements set by American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) specifications. However, their performance varies significantly. The results from existing testing methods also do not correlate with field performance. It is therefore critical to identify or develop new lab testing methods that can accurately predict marker performance in the field. This report presents the research conducted over the three-year period to develop new lab tests that can predict marker field performance. Four field test decks were installed and monitored. Retroreflectivity and physical condition data were collected on six selected RRPM models at four deck locations that were selected based on traffic condition, pavement surface type, geographic and other environmental factors. Currently recommended ASTM tests, modified ASTM tests, and other new lab tests were conducted. Finite element modeling (FEM) of RRPMs under tire-marker impact and lab setting testing was also conducted. The marker performances from the test decks, under lab tests, and in simulation are compared. Based on the results of comparisons, a new lab test that best correlates with the field performance of the RRPMs is recommended.
Download or read book Master's Theses Directories written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".
Book Synopsis Predicting the Initial Retroreflectivity of Pavement Markings from Glass Bead Quality by : Omar Smadi
Download or read book Predicting the Initial Retroreflectivity of Pavement Markings from Glass Bead Quality written by Omar Smadi and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2013 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report describes a laboratory test method to predict the initial retroreflectivity of pavement markings in the field based on the quality of the applied glass beads.
Book Synopsis Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers Using a Portable Retroreflectometer by :
Download or read book Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers Using a Portable Retroreflectometer written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Retroreflective Raised Pavement Marker Field Testing by : Gerald L. Ullman
Download or read book Retroreflective Raised Pavement Marker Field Testing written by Gerald L. Ullman and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Retroreflective Raised Pavement Marker Field Testing by : Gerald L. Ullman
Download or read book Retroreflective Raised Pavement Marker Field Testing written by Gerald L. Ullman and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Retroreflective Raised Pavement Marker Field Testing by : Gerald L. Ullman
Download or read book Retroreflective Raised Pavement Marker Field Testing written by Gerald L. Ullman and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Performance of Permanent Pavement Markings and Retro Reflectors in Snowplowable Raised Pavement Markers by : Neville A. Parker
Download or read book Evaluation of the Performance of Permanent Pavement Markings and Retro Reflectors in Snowplowable Raised Pavement Markers written by Neville A. Parker and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods of sampling and testing retroreflective materials and devices for road traffic control purposes, Part 3.6: Raised pavement markers (retroreflective and non-retroreflective) - UV exposure test by :
Download or read book Methods of sampling and testing retroreflective materials and devices for road traffic control purposes, Part 3.6: Raised pavement markers (retroreflective and non-retroreflective) - UV exposure test written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods of sampling and testing retroreflective materials and devices for road traffic control purposes, Part 3.3: Raised pavement markers (retroreflective and non-retroreflective) - Luminance factor of Type B and Type A/B markers by :
Download or read book Methods of sampling and testing retroreflective materials and devices for road traffic control purposes, Part 3.3: Raised pavement markers (retroreflective and non-retroreflective) - Luminance factor of Type B and Type A/B markers written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods of sampling and testing retroreflective materials and devices for road traffic control purposes, Part 3.5: Raised pavement markers (retroreflective and non-retroreflective) - Heat test by :
Download or read book Methods of sampling and testing retroreflective materials and devices for road traffic control purposes, Part 3.5: Raised pavement markers (retroreflective and non-retroreflective) - Heat test written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods of sampling and testing retroreflective materials and devices for road traffic control purposes, Part 3.1: Raised pavement markers (retroreflective and non-retroreflective) - Sampling and conditioning of samples by :
Download or read book Methods of sampling and testing retroreflective materials and devices for road traffic control purposes, Part 3.1: Raised pavement markers (retroreflective and non-retroreflective) - Sampling and conditioning of samples written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods of sampling and testing retroreflective materials and devices for road traffic control purposes, Part 3.8: Raised pavement markers (retroreflective and non-retroreflective) - Compressive strength by :
Download or read book Methods of sampling and testing retroreflective materials and devices for road traffic control purposes, Part 3.8: Raised pavement markers (retroreflective and non-retroreflective) - Compressive strength written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis and Evaluation of Field Retroreflectivity Performance of Pavement Marking Materials at Various Test Deck Locations in the US by : Siddharth David
Download or read book Analysis and Evaluation of Field Retroreflectivity Performance of Pavement Marking Materials at Various Test Deck Locations in the US written by Siddharth David and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
