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Use And Comparison Of Traffic Simulation Models In The Analysis Of Emergency Evacuation Conditions
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Book Synopsis Use and Comparison of Traffic Simulation Models in the Analysis of Emergency Evacuation Conditions by : Anthony Paul Tagliaferri
Download or read book Use and Comparison of Traffic Simulation Models in the Analysis of Emergency Evacuation Conditions written by Anthony Paul Tagliaferri and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: traffic simulation, emergency evacuation.
Book Synopsis Use and Comparison of Traffic Simulation Models in the Analysis of Emergency Evacuation Conditions by :
Download or read book Use and Comparison of Traffic Simulation Models in the Analysis of Emergency Evacuation Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evacuation of vulnerable coastal areas in the event of an emergency such as an impending hurricane has become a significant safety issue due to the rapid growth of both permanent and tourist populations in these areas. Highway capacity has often not been upgraded in line with this demand growth. In the case of Hurricane Floyd in 1999, evacuations of areas of North and South Carolina resulted in several highly congested primary highways and, as a result, several states created Lane Reversal Plans for interstates and/or divided highways along evacuation routes. However, these plans were created with little data to rely on as to their efficiency. A major research study was funded by the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) to use simulation modeling to investigate the effects of the Interstate 40 Lane Reversal Plan on the evacuation of Wilmington and New Hanover County, North Carolina. In addition to the analysis of the effects of lane reversal, a side-by-side comparison of the CORSIM and VISSIM simulation models was performed on the highway network based on demand estimates provided by a demand study performed for the United States Army Corps of Engineers and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Analysis using CORSIM and VISSIM showed lane reversal to provide considerable capacity increases to traffic attempting to exit New Hanover County via Interstate 40, which had significantly increased throughput and decreased queues within New Hanover County in the event of large-scale evacuations.
Book Synopsis Geospatial Technologies and Homeland Security by : Daniel Sui
Download or read book Geospatial Technologies and Homeland Security written by Daniel Sui and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-25 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Homeland security and context In the Geographical Dimensions of Terrorism (GDOT) (Cutter et al. 2003), the first book after 9/11 to address homeland security and geography, we developed several thematic research agendas and explored intersections between geographic research and the importance of context, both geographical and political, in relationship to the concepts of terrorism and security. It is good to see that a great deal of new thought and research continues to flow from that initial research agenda, as illustrated by many of the papers of this new book, entitled Geospatial Technologies and Homeland Security: Research Frontiers and Future Challenges. Context is relevant not only to understanding homeland security issues broadly, but also to the conduct of research on geospatial technologies. It is impossible to understand the implications of a homeland security strategy, let alone hope to make predictions, conduct meaningful modeling and research, or assess the value and dangers of geospatial technologies, without consideration of overarching political, social, economic, and geographic contexts within which these questions are posed.
Book Synopsis Large-Scale Evacuation by : Michael K. Lindell
Download or read book Large-Scale Evacuation written by Michael K. Lindell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large-Scale Evacuation introduces the reader to the steps involved in evacuation modelling for towns and cities, from understanding the hazards that can require large-scale evacuations, through understanding how local officials decide to issue evacuation advisories and households decide whether to comply, to transportation simulation and traffic management strategies. The author team has been recognized internationally for their research and consulting experience in the field of evacuations. Collectively, they have 125 years of experience in evacuation, including more than 140 projects for federal and state agencies. The text explains how to model evacuations that use the road transportation network by combining perspectives from social scientists and transportation engineers, fields that have commonly approached evacuation modelling from distinctly different perspectives. In doing so, it offers a step-by-step guide through the key questions needed to model an evacuation and its impacts to the evacuation route system as well as evacuation management strategies for influencing demand and expanding capacity. The authors also demonstrate how to simulate the resulting traffic and evacuation management strategies that can be used to facilitate evacuee movement and reduce unnecessary demand. Case studies, which identify key points to analyze in an evacuation plan, discuss evacuation termination and re-entry, and highlight challenges that someone developing an evacuation plan or model should expect, are also included. This textbook will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, and advanced students.
Book Synopsis Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2008 by : Christian Rogsch
Download or read book Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2008 written by Christian Rogsch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-01 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proper management of evacuation processes is one of the basic requirements within life safety concepts, and it helps to prevent critical situations from getting out of control. Super high-rise buildings, deep underground stations or shopping areas, airplanes for the mass transportation, sport stadiums or meeting places with tens of thousands of visitors-they all call for new dim- sionsinsafeevacuationplanning. Researchresultsinevacuationdynamicsgive answers to these challenges. PED-conferences are the prime address for all research in this ?eld. The increasing number of participants from di'erent ?elds of research re'ect theirimportance. AfterPED-conferencesinGermany(Duisburg,2001), Great Britain (Greenwich, 2003) and Austria (Vienna, 2005), the PED 2008 C- ference in Wuppertal/Germany reached new heights with more than 120 p- ticipants from 20 countries and nearly 100 presentations. The wide ?eld of topics discussed in presentations also re'ects deeper understanding of fun- mental e'ects as well as the stronger interactions between di'erent research areas. New test designs o'er new important basic data, new analysis pro- dures open a better understanding of complex interactions, new model - signs allow more realistic simulations, and the input from architectural - sign and the medical references on physical limitations help to realize a safe evacuation design. On the one hand all these data give an outlook of future possibilities and sometimes they open an astonishing new understanding of seemingly well-known data. On the other hand, they make clear the limi- tions of our current knowledge.
Book Synopsis Transportation's Role in Emergency Evacuation and Reentry by : Paul Brian Wolshon
Download or read book Transportation's Role in Emergency Evacuation and Reentry written by Paul Brian Wolshon and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2009 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 392: Transportation's Role in Emergency Evacuation and Reentry explores information on transportation's role in emergency evacuation and reentry by summarizing aspects of its planning, control, and research as well as highlighting effective and innovative practices"--Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Computer Simulation-based Framework for Transportation Evacuation in a Major Trip Generator by : Fengxiang Qiao
Download or read book Computer Simulation-based Framework for Transportation Evacuation in a Major Trip Generator written by Fengxiang Qiao and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since emergencies including both natural disasters and man-made incidents, are happening more and more frequently, evacuation, especially transportation evacuation, is becoming a hot research focus in recent years. Currently, transportation evacuation study focuses on evacuating people and property from large areas and does not address the problem of transportation evacuation in a small and dense area. This research is intended to identify the study framework of developing transportation evacuation plans in small and dense areas. Texas Medical Center (TMC), Houston, Texas, is selected as case study in this thesis. Incidents are assumed based on potential threats. Traffic information is collected through filed data collections in the TMC area, and evacuation scenarios with incidents and management improvements are coded and simulated in VISSIM, a microscopic traffic simulation model. Genetic Algorithm is one of the calibration methods for searching multiple parameters at the same time and is used in this thesis to calibrate parameters of driving behaviors in VISSIM by using field collected and simulation data. Based on the simulation results, potential improvements and measurement of effectiveness (MOE) of operations such as Reversed Lane (RL) and In-bound Shuttle (IS) are analyzed and evaluated. Simulation results show that the evacuation would be much more efficient if appropriate operational strategies are implemented. Proper management improvements such as Reversed Lane and In-bound Shuttle could greatly maximize the number of persons/vehicles evacuated in the area. The selected operational plan can efficiently evacuate all persons in the Texas Medical Center in suitable simulation scenario under a given incident assumption. The framework of developing transportation evacuation plan is tested and proven to be effective in the Texas Medical Center. The microscopic simulation based study process is targeted on small and dense areas and it can be used in any other similar areas. It is recommended that further work be conducted to form a comprehensive evacuation plan.
Book Synopsis Intelligent Transportation and Evacuation Planning by : Arab Naser
Download or read book Intelligent Transportation and Evacuation Planning written by Arab Naser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-09 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intelligent Transportation and Evacuation Planning: A Modeling-Based Approach provides a new paradigm for evacuation planning strategies and techniques. Recently, evacuation planning and modeling have increasingly attracted interest among researchers as well as government officials. This interest stems from the recent catastrophic hurricanes and weather-related events that occurred in the southeastern United States (Hurricane Katrina and Rita). The evacuation methods that were in place before and during the hurricanes did not work well and resulted in thousands of deaths. This book offers insights into the methods and techniques that allow for implementing mathematical-based, simulation-based, and integrated optimization and simulation-based engineering approaches for evacuation planning.
Book Synopsis Simulating Traffic Flow for Emergency Evacuation in Manhattan, KS Using Rockwell ARENA by : Kathryn Davis
Download or read book Simulating Traffic Flow for Emergency Evacuation in Manhattan, KS Using Rockwell ARENA written by Kathryn Davis and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The community of Manhattan, Kansas was recently chosen as the future site of the National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility (NBAF). At this site, research of agricultural and animal diseases and pathogens will take place. Due to the fact that the site will be in close proximity to a university, as well as many residents, a risk assessment must be completed to determine whether or not the current road infrastructure would be sufficient for evacuating the city in the event of an emergency. It should be noted that while NBAF is a large concern for this report, risk management is important in other scenarios as well, such as natural disasters or chemical spills, and this information can be applied to such events. This paper discusses the creation and analysis of a discrete-event simulation using ARENA software. The simulation described several scenarios. They were a base case scenario with only campus traffic evacuating; a scenario in which campus and outside traffic evacuate; a case with increased outside traffic; a case in which a vehicle breaks down; a case which includes guardians of children attending campus childcare are re-routed to pick up their children before evacuating; a case which accounts for reduced traveling speeds due to cell phone usage; and a case which closes a direction outside of Manhattan due to wind direction. Such simulations are an ideal performance measure of traffic flow under certain conditions due to the fact that physical resources are not needed to make a realistic comparison between each of them. Each of the situations described above were compared based on percentage of traffic leaving Manhattan and arriving at a defined safe zone each hour. Based on the findings, those involved with disaster management planning can determine if the percentages of vehicles leaving the system per hour are acceptable. They should be evaluated against potential spread rates of diseases to ensure that all residents may evacuate without the danger of becoming infected. For applications outside of NBAF, the results give insight into the degree of change in evacuation percentage that changes within the system may cause, and change any routing accordingly.
Book Synopsis Simulation Study of Impacts of Evacuating Traffic on En-route Metropolitan Highway Network by :
Download or read book Simulation Study of Impacts of Evacuating Traffic on En-route Metropolitan Highway Network written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to both natural and man-made disasters, more and more emergency evacuation plans have been put forward and consistently aims to move a large disaster affected population through a multimodal transportation network towards safer areas as quickly and efficiently as possible. The objectives of this paper are 1) to verify the feasibility of applying the DYNASMART-P model to simulation of traffic characteristics in both normal and emergency conditions for the urban transportation system in the Greater Jackson metropolitan area in Mississippi and 2) to develop and evaluate emergency evacuation strategies for a large scale evacuation of people under emergency conditions in the Greater Jackson area. In this paper, traffic network including Hinds, Madison and Rankin was built through the mesoscopic traffic-network planning and simulation model DYNASMART-P based on the dynamic traffic assignment methodology, and applied the model to a highway network on the route of the evacuation. The background OD demand as input for the simulation program was calibrated using observed traffic volume data collected in several critical routes of evacuation. An evacuation scenario was designed to study the impacts of the evacuating traffic from southeastern Louisiana to the Greater Jackson Metropolitan Area of Mississippi due to an assumed approaching hurricane disaster. Critically congested freeway segments under two evacuation intensity levels were identified based on the criterion of the average queue length percentage and level of service. The causes for the congestion of roads were analyzed and explained.
Book Synopsis Modeling Evacuation Traffic in Degradable Transportation Systems by : Jian Li
Download or read book Modeling Evacuation Traffic in Degradable Transportation Systems written by Jian Li and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transportation systems are at the epicenter of attention when a disaster happens due to their importance in evacuating victims in the pre-disaster phase, as well as providing supplies to the survivors in the aftermath of any major disaster. When disasters happen, transportation systems are degraded by either exogenous risks, such as flooding or earthquake, or endogenous risks, such as accidents and disabled vehicles. Modeling evacuation traffic in degradable transportation networks is thus critical for public officials in developing effective hazard mitigation plans. Over the past decade, a number of emergency evacuation models have been developed. However, these models are generally developed for so-called "expected" conditions (e.g., clear weather and few accidents) without considering disruptions in transportation systems. Moreover, these models were originally developed for different emergency scenarios with specific algorithms and software tools, which limit specialized analysis of emergency scenarios. This dissertation aims to provide a new framework and methodology to model evacuation traffic by extending the use of existing regional transportation planning tools. In order to capture the occurrence of congestion during the evacuation process, a pseudo-dynamic procedure is developed and employed. Moreover, in order to evaluate evacuation planning considering the transportation system variability (e.g., incidents, accidents, and extreme weather conditions), we propose an analytical methodology and solution procedure that employs a sampling technique that randomly selects subsets of the uncertainty set to obtain an approximate solution. The proposed analytical framework and solution procedure are applied to evaluate critical transportation infrastructures in day-to-day degradable transportation networks. Moreover, we also apply the proposed analytical framework and solution procedure to evaluate the impact of endogenously determined risks in order to develop reliable emergency evacuation plans. In addition to evacuation modeling, recently Hurricane Irene (2011) made landfall in New Jersey. We have a special chapter that analyzes the empirical evacuation behavior and constructs an evacuation response curve based on traffic data collected during Hurricane Irene (2011) in Cape May County, New Jersey.
Book Synopsis Regional Traffic Simulation for Emergency Preparedness by :
Download or read book Regional Traffic Simulation for Emergency Preparedness written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Simulation of Urban Mobility by : Michael Behrisch
Download or read book Simulation of Urban Mobility written by Michael Behrisch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-06 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Urban Mobility, SUMO 2013, held in Berlin, Germany, in May 2013. The 12 revised full papers presented tin this book were carefully selected and reviewed from 22 submissions. The papers are organized in two topical sections: models and technical innovations and applications and surveys.
Book Synopsis Effects of Data Resolution and Human Behavior on Large Scale Evacuation Simulations by : Wei Lu (Transportation engineer)
Download or read book Effects of Data Resolution and Human Behavior on Large Scale Evacuation Simulations written by Wei Lu (Transportation engineer) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZ) based macroscopic simulation studies are mostly applied in evacuation planning and operation areas. The large size in TAZ and aggregated information of macroscopic simulation underestimate the real evacuation performance. To take advantage of the high resolution demographic data LandScan USA (the zone size is much smaller than TAZ) and agent-based microscopic traffic simulation models, many new problems appeared and novel solutions are needed. A series of studies are conducted using LandScan USA Population Cells (LPC) data for evacuation assignments with different network configurations, travel demand models, and travelers' compliance behavior. First, a new Multiple-Source-Nearest-Destination Shortest Path (MSNDSP) problem is defined for generating Origin-Destination (OD) matrix in evacuation assignments when using LandScan dataset. A new Super Node based Trip Generator (SNTG) algorithm is developed to significantly improve the computational performance in generating OD pairs. Second, a new agent-based traffic assignment framework using LandScan and TRANSIMS modules is proposed for evacuation planning and operation study. Impact analysis on traffic analysis area resolutions (TAZ vs. LPC), evacuation start times (daytime vs. nighttime), and departure time choice models (normal S-shape model vs. location based model) are studied. Third, based on the proposed framework, multi-scale network configurations (two levels of road networks and two scales of zone sizes) and three routing schemes (shortest network distance, highway biased, and shortest straight-line distance routes) are implemented for the evacuation performance comparison studies. Fourth, to study the impact of human behavior under evacuation operations, travelers' compliance behavior with compliance levels from total complied to total non-complied are analyzed. Finally, an experimental study of using vehicular communication techniques in a car sharing system is conducted, which can be used to provide real-time road information for evacuees to choose their own best evacuation routes.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of Innovative Computing 2024, Vol. 2 by : Yan Pei
Download or read book Proceedings of Innovative Computing 2024, Vol. 2 written by Yan Pei and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Decision-making Analysis and Optimization Modeling of Emergency Warnings for Major Accidents by : Wenmei Gai
Download or read book Decision-making Analysis and Optimization Modeling of Emergency Warnings for Major Accidents written by Wenmei Gai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-03 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights cutting-edge research into emergency early warning management and decision-making for severe accidents. Using toxic gas leakages as examples, it puts forward new design methods for emergency early warning systems, as well as a systematic description of emergency early warning information communication mechanisms and characteristics of regional evacuation, based on a wide range of theories, including safety engineering, information engineering, communication, behaviorology and others. The book applies a range of methods, such as case analysis, questionnaire interviews, and multi-objective optimization modeling. Drawing on this basis, it subsequently proposes a multi-objective optimization modeling and algorithm for emergency path selection, together with an evacuation risk assessment method. Divided into six chapters prepared by an international team of researchers, the book addresses the design of early warning systems, communication and dissemination mechanisms of early warning information, characteristics of regional evacuation, multi-objective optimization of emergency paths, and evacuation risk assessment. The book offers an essential reference guide for engineering technicians and researchers in a wide range of fields, including emergency management, safety science and engineering, disaster relief engineering, and transportation optimization, as well as graduate students in related majors at colleges and universities.
Book Synopsis Geocomputation and Urban Planning by : Beniamino Murgante
Download or read book Geocomputation and Urban Planning written by Beniamino Murgante and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-26 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sixteen years ago, Franklin estimated that about 80% of data contain geo-referenced information. To date, the availability of geographic data and information is growing, together with the capacity of users to operate with IT tools and instruments. Spatial data infrastructures are growing and allow a wide number of users to rely on them. This growth has not been fully coupled to an increase of knowledge to support spatial decisions. Spatial analytical techniques, geographical analysis and modelling methods are therefore required to analyse data and to facilitate the decision process at all levels. Old geographical issues can find an answer thanks to new methods and instruments, while new issues are developing, challenging researchers towards new solutions. This volume aims to contribute to the development of new techniques and methods to improve the process of knowledge acquisition. The Geocomputational expression is related to the development and the application of new theories, methods and tools in order to provide better solutions to complex geographical problems. The geocomputational analysis discussed in this volume, could be classified according to three main domains of applications; the first one related to spatial decision support system and to spatial uncertainty, the second connected to artificial intelligence, the third based on all spatial statistics techniques.
