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Author : Paul H. Nitze
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book U.S. Strategic Force Structures written by Paul H. Nitze and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030928550X
Total Pages : 63 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book U.S. Air Force Strategic Deterrence Capabilities in the 21st Century Security Environment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in the 21st century security environment require new analytic approaches to support strategic deterrence. Because current adversaries may be deterred from the use of nuclear weapons differently than were Cold War adversaries, the Air Force needs an analytic process and tools that can help determine those Air Force capabilities that will successfully deter or defeat these new nuclear-armed adversaries and assure U.S. allies. While some analytic tools are available, a coherent approach for their use in developing strategy and policy appears to be lacking. Without a coherent analytic approach that addresses the nuances of today's security environment, Air Force views of its strategic deterrence needs may not be understood or accepted by the appropriate decision makers. A coherent approach will support Air Force decisions about its strategic force priorities and needs, deter actual or potential adversaries, and assure U.S. allies. In this context, the Air Force in 2012 requested that the Air Force Studies Board of the National Research Council undertake a workshop to bring together national experts to discuss current challenges relating strategic deterrence and potential new tools and methods that the Air Force might leverage in its strategic deterrence mission. The workshop consisted of two 3-day sessions held in Washington, DC on September 26-28, 2012 and January 29-31, 2013 and was attended by a very diverse set of participants with expertise in strategic deterrence and a range of analytic tools of potential interest to the Air Force. U.S. Air Force Strategic Deterrence Capabilities in the 21st Century Security Environment summarizes this workshop.
Author : Kevin Neil Lewis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book U.S. Strategic Force Planning written by Kevin Neil Lewis and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1970s, the nuclear planning community has gradually come to agree that a strategy emphasizing the flexible and discriminate employment of nuclear weapons is probably the best way to make the U.S. deterrent more reliable and credible. However, serious problems continue to undermine U.S. preparations for a strategy of flexible employment. Already tenuous, the link between U.S. nuclear employment planning and force structure planning has been further weakened by strategic funding levels that have not been able to meet the demands that evolving U.S. strategy has placed on the posture. In this paper the author argues for a new planning approach to reconnect force and employment planning that would, without absolute guidance about war aims, enhance deterrence and permit more effective response in the event of nuclear war. This planning approach would: (1) take realistic account of the strategic forces budget; (2) consider the competitive effect of force planning on Soviet actions; (3) be conducted over a long-range horizon; (4) have sufficient agility to keep the politics of strategic forces from excessively distorting the characteristics of specific programs; and (5) use certain "themes" to shape force employment and acquisition decisions.
Author : Amy F. Woolf
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437920438
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)
Download or read book U. S. Strategic Nuclear Forces written by Amy F. Woolf and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009-11 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) Introduction; (2) Background: The Strategic Triad: Force Structure and Size During the Cold War; Force Structure and Size After the Cold War; Future Force Structure and Size; (3) Strategic Nuclear Delivery Vehicles: Ongoing Plans and Programs: (a) Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles: Peacekeeper; Minuteman III; Minuteman Modernization Programs; Future Programs; (b) Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles: The SSGN Program; The Backfit Program; Basing Changes; Warhead Issues; Modernization Plans and Programs; Future Programs; (c) Bombers: B-1 Bomber; B-2 Bomber; B-52 Bomber; Future Bomber Plans; (4) Issues for Congress: Force Size; Force Structure; Safety, Security, and Management Issues. Illustrations.
Author : Paul H. Nitze
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 3 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book U.S. Strategic Force Structures written by Paul H. Nitze and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Strategic Forces Subcommittee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Posture of the U.S. Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Strategic Forces Subcommittee and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Department of State. Bureau of Public Affairs
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)
Download or read book U.s. Strategic Force Structures - the Challenge Ahead written by United States. Department of State. Bureau of Public Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Glenn C. Buchan
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 9780833029171
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (291 download)
Download or read book Future Roles of U.S. Nuclear Forces written by Glenn C. Buchan and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2003 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the possible roles of nuclear weapons in contemporary U.S. national security policy. The United States has a range of nuclear strategies and postures among which to choose: from abolition of U.S. nuclear weapons, aggressive reductions and "dealerting," "business as usual, only smaller," more aggressive nuclear posture, to nuclear emphasis. The nation should have the operational flexibility to in fact use a modest number of nuclear weapons if the need were overwhelming and other options were inadequate.
Author : Zalmay Khalilzad
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0833032461
Total Pages : 510 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Strategic Appraisal written by Zalmay Khalilzad and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2002-07-31 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Change--in international relations, in technology, and in society as a whole--has become the idiom of our age. One example of these changes has been an increasing recognition of the value of air and space assets for handling nearly every contingency from disaster relief to war and, onsequently, increasing demand for such assets. These developments have created both challenges and opportunities for the U.S. Air Force. This, the fourth volume in the Strategic Appraisal series, draws on the expertise of researchers from across RAND to explore both the challenges and opportunities that the U.S. Air Force faces as it strives to support the nation's interests in a challenging technological and security environment.Contributors examine the changing roles of air and space forces in U.S.national security strategy, the implications of new systems and technologiesfor military operations, and the role of nuclear weapons in U.S. securitystrategy. Contributors also discuss the status of major modernizationefforts within the Air Force, and the bill of health of the Air Force, asmeasured by its readiness to undertake its missions both today and in thefuture.
Author : Amy F. Woolf
Publisher : Nova Novinka
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book U.S. Nuclear Weapons written by Amy F. Woolf and published by Nova Novinka. This book was released on 2005 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bush Administration conducted a review of US nuclear weapons force posture during its first year in office. Although the review sought to adjust US nuclear posture to address changes in the international security environment at the start of the new century, it continued many of the policies and programs that had been a part of the US nuclear posture during the previous decades and during the Cold War. This book provides an overview of the US nuclear posture to highlight areas of change and areas of continuity. During the Cold War, the United States sought to deter the Soviet Union and its allies from attacking the United States and its allies by convincing the Soviet Union that any level of conflict could escalate into a nuclear exchange and, in that exchange, the United States would plan to destroy the full range of valued targets in the Soviet Union. Other nations were included in US nuclear war plans due to their alliances with the Soviet Union. After the Cold War, the United States maintained a substantial nuclear arsenal to deter potential threats from Russia. It would not forswear the first use of nuclear weapons in conflicts with other nations, armed with chemical or biological weapons, and formed contingency plans for such conflicts. The Bush Administration has emphasised that the United States and Russia are no longer enemies and that the United States will no longer plan or size its nuclear force to deter a 'Russian threat'. Instead, the United States will maintain a nuclear arsenal with the capabilities needed to counter capabilities of any potential adversary, focusing on 'how we will fight' rather than 'who we will fight'. Furthermore, US nuclear weapons will combine with missile defences, conventional weapons, and a responsive infrastructure in seeking to assure US allies, dissuade US adversaries, deter conflict, and defeat adversaries if conflict should occur. Analysts and observers have identified several issues raised by the Administration's Nuclear Posture Review. These include the role of nuclear weapons in US national security policy, how to make the US nuclear deterrent 'credible', the relationship between the US nuclear posture and the goal of discouraging nuclear proliferation, plans for strategic nuclear weapons, and the future of non-strategic nuclear weapons.
Author : U. S. Military
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781549884870
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (848 download)
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Strategic Nuclear Forces - Reports on Missiles, Bombers, Submarines, Triad, Warheads, Modernization Plans, ICBM, SLBM, START Treaty, Long-Range Standoff (LRSO), and Verification written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-10-02 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book reproduces sixteen important government documents, reports, and studies dealing with American strategic nuclear forces, including the elements of the nuclear triad (missiles, bombers, and submarines), arms control issues and treaties, and modernization plans. Documents include: U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues (2015) * U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues (2013) * Counterforce Issues for the U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces * Considerations for a U.S. Nuclear Force Structure below a 1,000-Warhead Limit * Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Nuclear Capabilities * Projected Costs of U.S. Nuclear Forces, 2014 to 2023 * Adherence to and Compliance with Arms Control, Nonproliferation, and Disarmament Agreements and Commitments * The National Military Strategy of the United States of America 2015 * Projected Costs of U.S. Nuclear Forces, 2015 to 2024 * Air Force Global Strike Command "To Deter and Assure" Strategic Master Plan 2014 * Task Force Report: Assessment of Nuclear Monitoring and Verification Technologies * U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues (2009) * U.S. Nuclear Weapons: Changes in Policy and Force Structure * ICBMs - Their Relevance to U.S. Security and the United States Air Force in the 21st Century * Culture Clash: Bomber Nuclear Operations in a Post-Cold War World * Nuclear Strategy in the New World Order. Introduction * Background: The Strategic Triad * Force Structure and Size During the Cold War * Force Structure and Size After the Cold War * Current and Future Force Structure and Size * Strategic Nuclear Delivery Vehicles: Recent Reductions and Current Modernization Programs * Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs) * Peacekeeper (MX) * Minuteman III * Minuteman Modernization Programs. * Future Programs * Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles * The SSGN Program * The Backfit Program * Basing Changes * Warhead Loadings * Modernization Plans and Programs * The Ohio Replacement Program (ORP) Program * Bombers * B-1 Bomber * B-2 Bomber * B-52 Bomber * Future Bomber Plans * Sustaining the Nuclear Weapons Enterprise * Issues for Congress * Force Size * Force Structure * The Cost of Nuclear Weapons Since the early 1960s the United States has maintained a "triad" of strategic nuclear delivery vehicles. The United States first developed these three types of nuclear delivery vehicles, in large part, because each of the military services wanted to play a role in the U.S. nuclear arsenal. However, during the 1960s and 1970s, analysts developed a more reasoned rationale for the nuclear "triad." They argued that these different basing modes had complementary strengths and weaknesses. They would enhance deterrence and discourage a Soviet first strike because they complicated Soviet attack planning and ensured the survivability of a significant portion of the U.S. force in the event of a Soviet first strike. The different characteristics might also strengthen the credibility of U.S. targeting strategy. For example, ICBMs eventually had the accuracy and prompt responsiveness needed to attack hardened targets such as Soviet command posts and ICBM silos, SLBMs had the survivability needed to complicate Soviet efforts to launch a disarming first strike and to retaliate if such an attack were attempted, and heavy bombers could be dispersed quickly and launched to enhance their survivability, and they could be recalled to their bases if a crisis did not escalate into conflict. According to unclassified estimates, the number of delivery vehicles (ICBMs, SLBMs, and nuclear-capable bombers) in the U.S. force structure grew steadily through the mid-1960s, with the greatest number of delivery vehicles, 2,268, deployed in 1967.
Author : John Costello
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781727834604
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (346 download)
Download or read book China's Strategic Support Force written by John Costello and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In late 2015, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) initiated reforms that have brought dramatic changes to its structure, model of warfighting, and organizational culture, including the creation of a Strategic Support Force (SSF) that centralizes most PLA space, cyber, electronic, and psychological warfare capabilities. The reforms come at an inflection point as the PLA seeks to pivot from land-based territorial defense to extended power projection to protect Chinese interests in the "strategic frontiers" of space, cyberspace, and the far seas. Understanding the new strategic roles of the SSF is essential to understanding how the PLA plans to fight and win informationized wars and how it will conduct information operations.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book US Nuclear Doctrine and Post-Cold War Force Structure written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and end of the Cold War, the US military has undergone significant changes in its global military strategy and its resultant force structure. While some would argue that the impetus for change has been the shrinking defense budget and force reductions, what allowed these changes to occur was the new nature of the world and the realization that the more prevalent conflict of the future will be regional, lower intensity conflict with much more limited aims than those prepared for during the Cold War. President Clinton's November, 1997 signing of new nuclear weapons guidelines suggests that a post-Cold War rethinking of US strategic nuclear doctrine and force structure may be taking place as well. The US must continue this apparent evaluation of doctrine and be prepared to make appropriate force structure changes as doctrine shifts. This paper will examine the foundational importance of doctrine; the doctrinal underpinnings of our current force structure; and the implications of the post-Cold War world on strategic nuclear doctrine and force structure. In addition, based on the lessons we can learn from the Cold War years and the shape of our new post-Cold War world, this paper will address an emerging doctrine and its force structure implications. Chapter one provides background into the issue, defines key terms, and identifies a key assumption upon which this paper is based. Chapter two includes discussions on the nature of doctrine and its importance when fielding new, unique weapon systems. Chapter three discusses the early geopolitical and military influences on, and the evolution of, US Cold War nuclear doctrine. Chapter four reviews post-Cold War development of nuclear doctrine. The last chapter summarizes and reiterates the need for US action to lead the world through the post-Cold War nuclear era.
Author : Amy F. Woolf
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781693211027
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (11 download)
Download or read book U. S. Strategic Nuclear Forces written by Amy F. Woolf and published by . This book was released on 2019-09-14 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though the United States has reduced the number of warheads deployed on its long-range missiles and bombers, consistent with the terms of the 2010 New START Treaty, it also plans to develop new delivery systems for deployment over the next 10-30 years. The 116th Congress will continue to review these programs, and the funding requested for them, during the annual authorization and appropriations process. During the Cold War, the U.S. nuclear arsenal contained many types of delivery vehicles for nuclear weapons. The longer-range systems, which included long-range missiles based on U.S. territory, long-range missiles based on submarines, and heavy bombers that could threaten Soviet targets from their bases in the United States, are known as strategic nuclear delivery vehicles. At the end of the Cold War, in 1991, the United States deployed more than 10,000 warheads on these delivery vehicles. With the implementation of New START completed in February 2018, the United States is limited to 1,550 accountable warheads on these delivery vehicles, a restriction that will remain in place at least through 2021, while New START Treaty remains in force. At the present time, the U.S. land-based ballistic missile force (ICBMs) consists of 400 landbased Minuteman III ICBMs, each deployed with one warhead, spread among a total of 450 operational launchers. This force is consistent with the New START Treaty. The Air Force is also modernizing the Minuteman missiles, replacing and upgrading their rocket motors, guidance systems, and other components, so that they can remain in the force through 2030. It plans to replace the missiles with a new Ground-based Strategic Deterrent around 2029. The U.S. ballistic missile submarine fleet currently consists of 14 Trident submarines. Each has been modified to carry 20 Trident II (D-5) missiles-a reduction from 24 missiles per submarine-to meet the launcher limits in the New START Treaty. The Navy converted 4 of the original 18 Trident submarines to carry non-nuclear cruise missiles. Nine of the submarines are deployed in the Pacific Ocean and five are in the Atlantic. The Navy also has undertaken efforts to extend the life of the missiles and warheads so that they and the submarines can remain in the fleet past 2020. It is designing a new Columbia class submarine that will replace the existing fleet beginning in 2031. The U.S. fleet of heavy bombers includes 20 B-2 bombers and 40 nuclear-capable B-52 bombers. The B-1 bomber is no longer equipped for nuclear missions. This fleet of 60 nuclear-capable aircraft is consistent with the U.S. obligations under New START. The Air Force has also begun to retire the nuclear-armed cruise missiles carried by B-52 bombers, leaving only about half the B-52 fleet equipped to carry nuclear weapons. The Air Force plans to procure both a new longrange bomber, known as the B-21, and a new long-range standoff (LRSO) cruise missile during the 2020s. DOE is also modifying and extending the life of the B61 bomb carried on B-2 bombers and fighter aircraft and the W80 warhead for cruise missiles. The Obama Administration completed a review of the size and structure of the U.S. nuclear force, and a review of U.S. nuclear employment policy, in June 2013. This review advised the force structure that the United States will deploy under the New START Treaty. The Trump Administration completed its review of U.S. nuclear forces in February 2018, and reaffirmed the basic contours of the current U.S. force structure and the ongoing modernization programs. The Trump Administration has also called for the development of a new low-yield warhead for deployment on Trident II (D-5) missiles. Congress will review the Administration's plans for U.S. strategic nuclear forces during the annual authorization and appropriations process, and as it assesses the costs of these plans in the current fiscal environment.
Author : U. S. Military
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781980649243
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (492 download)
Download or read book Considerations for U. S. Nuclear Force Structure Below a 1,000 Warhead Limit - Significance of Tactical Nuclear Warheads, the Impact on Air Force and Delivery Systems with Multiple Warheads written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2018-03-25 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the President moves toward a nuclear free world, we must ask some very important questions about that journey: 1) Are there different negotiation considerations and dynamics in play when Russia and the United States go below 1,000 strategic warheads? 2) What are the implications of non-strategic or tactical nuclear weapons in the world security environment? 3) Finally, what are some potential implications for the United States nuclear force structure, and the impact on the role of nuclear deterrence as our national arsenal moves below 1,000 strategic warheads? A world free of nuclear weapons is a noble goal and a commitment we have as a nation in accordance with Article VI of the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) as ratified by the United States in March 1970. Over the past 40 years, the United States has negotiated directly with the Soviets, and now the Russians, to reduce their nuclear arsenals. While negotiations were difficult, viewed from a distance these talks were very similar to Newton's Third Law of Motion: "For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction." This is not to say there was a one for one reduction in warheads between the two nations, but as one nation proposed an action to reduce weapons, the other responded with what they saw as an equal reduction while always maintaining the status quo balance of power. As we move into a period where the United States and Russian arsenals are perhaps reduced below 1,000 warheads, we leave Newtonian physics of equal and opposite actions and enter a new quantum physics world of negotiations with additional actors affecting strategic stability and crisis stability with implications we don't yet completely comprehend.
Author : James John Tritten
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Reconstituting America's Defense written by James John Tritten and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1992-06-30 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes President Bush's new Regional Defense Strategy--the master plan that will guide the transformation of U.S. defense policy for the post-Cold War era. Most recent books on defense prescribe how U.S. policy ought to change or critique past policies without taking Bush's new strategy into account. This book takes a different approach, providing the first comprehensive assessment of the new Regional Defense Strategy, analyzing the consequences for U.S. forces and alliance relations, and examining the political difficulties of transforming President Bush's vision into reality. It explains major changes in U.S. defense doctrine and strategy, force and command structure, future programming requirements, and the major question of how such a significant change was managed in the United States. Much is new and even radical about the Regional Defense Strategy. Bush has built it around the concept of reconstitution, under which the United States will scrap the forces needed to fight a large-scale conflict and rely on the ability to create new forces if such a conflict looms on the horizon. However, reconstitution will impose demanding requirements on U.S. intelligence and the defense industrial base. Congress will also have an important say over this proposal and the new national security strategy as a whole. So will U.S. allies in Europe and the Far East, some of whom are already moving to recast the strategy's proposals for basing U.S. forces abroad. The primary audience of this book is politico-military strategic planners and those interested in organizational theory, management of change in large organizations, and government policy.
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Strategic Forces Subcommittee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Current Status and Future Direction for U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy and Posture written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Strategic Forces Subcommittee and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
