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Upwelling
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Book Synopsis Upwelling Systems of the World by : Jochen Kämpf
Download or read book Upwelling Systems of the World written by Jochen Kämpf and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-29 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Upwelling systems are special places in the oceans where nutrient-enriched water is brought into the euphotic zone to fuel phytoplankton blooms that, via marine food-web interactions, create the world’s richest fish resources. This book introduces the reader to the interdisciplinary science of upwelling and provides a comprehensive overview of the world’s most productive marine ecosystems in the context of climate variability, climate change and human exploitation. This material presented is suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate study or just for anyone interested to learn about the creation of life in the oceans and how this is compromised by human activities.
Download or read book Upwelling Ecosystems written by R. Boje and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Upwelling areas are among the most fertile regions of the ocean. In principle, upwelling is caused by the divergence of the flow in the surface layer of the ocean which arises as a consequence of a particular wind field, the presence of a coastline, or other special conditions. Since deeper oceanic layers are usually enriched wi th nutrients, it is the permanent supply of nutrients which forms the basis for the high producti vi ty of upwelling reg ions. The study of upwelling and its consequences were, for a long time, the task of individual scientists from all disciplines of marine science. Today, it is perhaps the branch of oceanography where interdisciplinary coopera tion has developed best. Becoming aware of the large potential yield of upwelling regions, governments in creased the funds for upwelling research. With research activities developed on a larger scale, interdisciplin ary cooperation became a necessity. On the international level, several symposia documented the rapid development. Three volumes reflect the results of these scientific meetings (Rapp. Proc.-Verb. 159, 1970; Inv. Pesq. 35, 1, 1971; Tethys §.' 1-2, 1974). The present book contains selected papers from the Third Symposium on Upwelling Ecosystems, which was held in Kiel in September 1975. Although the third of a series of meetings, it was the first where the word "ecosystem" stood in the title for a scientific program.
Book Synopsis The Peruvian Upwelling Ecosystem by : Daniel Pauly
Download or read book The Peruvian Upwelling Ecosystem written by Daniel Pauly and published by WorldFish. This book was released on 1989 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Upwelling in the Ocean by : C. P. Summerhayes
Download or read book Upwelling in the Ocean written by C. P. Summerhayes and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Upwelling is one of the major physical processes driving the biogeochemistry of the ocean system. It dominates primary productivity in the world?s oceans, accounting for 80?90% of new production. However, because of the physical conditions that have to be met to generate upwelling, this production is concentrated in just a few places, e.g., in the coastal waters of major eastern boundary currents off California, Peru, Mauritania, and Namibia, where productivity leads to major fishing grounds. These areas account for about 50% of the world?s fish catch, underlining the importance of upwelling to humankind. Source rocks for oil formed in ancient coastal upwelling environments, making their study useful for improving oil exploration models. Upwelling also occurs in the open ocean, especially along the equator and beneath the westerly winds in the subarctic Pacific and the Southern Ocean, where the ocean?s silica budget is transformed by the deposition of the remains of siliceous phytoplankton. Because phytoplankton, the grass of the sea, can extract CO2 from the atmosphere, changes in the intensity of upwelling and associated biological productivity through time may have influenced climate. This volume uses an interdisciplinary approach to establish how upwelling systems work, how they vary through time, and whether or not they have a significant influence on the global carbon cycle. An understanding of how these largely wind-driven biogeochemical systems work today, and how they responded to past fluctuations in climate, is essential in predicting how they and their associated living resources may change in the future. One conclusion is that these systems exert a major influence on the global cycle of nutrients, a factor that contributes to making the coastal regions major sinks for organic carbon. This book recommends new strategies for observation, sampling, monitoring, experimentation, and modeling as the basis for improving forecasts of the behavior of upwelling systems. It will be of interest to physical oceanographers, marine biologists, fisheries scientists, marine organic and inorganic chemists, marine geologists, petroleum explorers, paleoceanographers, and paleoclimatologists.
Book Synopsis Physical Oceanography Processes at Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems by : Francisco Machin
Download or read book Physical Oceanography Processes at Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems written by Francisco Machin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-12-29 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS) have historically received attention from the scientific community due to their impact on the economic development of these highly productive systems. Remote sensing, numerical modeling, and in situ observations have increased their spatial and temporal resolutions during the last 40 years in their strategy to provide reliable products about the actual state of the ocean. The assembly of several data sources currently constitutes an opportunity to increase our knowledge about the present and future state of the relatively narrow and highly variable EBUS. The primary forcing mechanism in the upwelling regions is the wind stress in areas close to the coast. Long-term trends in wind intensity in upwelling areas present considerable uncertainties as the different wind databases produce divergent results. On the other hand, although the effect of climate change in the interior ocean is increasing temperatures in upwelling areas, the long-term trends seem to be in the opposite direction. Hence, assessing the long-term impact of the environmental conditions on upwelling development represents a major challenge for the scientific community. This special issue aims to discuss the state-of-the-art understanding of dynamical processes governing the ocean at the eastern boundary upwelling systems in a changing ocean.
Download or read book Upwelling written by William E. Fischer and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An upwelling is a rise of deep sea waters to the surface. A minimum of four types of upwelling have been identified: coastal upwelling; large-scale wind-induced upwelling in the open ocean; upwelling related to tropical cyclones; and upwelling related to topography. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the mechanisms, ecological effects and threats to biodiversity due to upwelling. Topics discussed in this compilation include the ecological effects of coastal upwelling in Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Namibian upwelling and its effects on macrozoobenthic diversity; mechanisms of impact on chlorophyll and upwelling in the Northern Black Sea; distribution, mechanisms, and biologic and climatic significance in upwelling and downwelling.
Book Synopsis Coastal Upwelling Its Sediment Record by : Erwin Suess
Download or read book Coastal Upwelling Its Sediment Record written by Erwin Suess and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NATO Advanced Research Institutes are designed to explore unre solved problems. By focusing complementary expertise from various disciplines onto one unifying theme, they approach old problems in new ways. In line with this goal of the NATO Science Committee, and with substantial support from the u.s. Office of Naval Research and the Seabed Assessment Program of the U. S. National Science Founda tion, such a Research Institute on the theme of Coastal Upwelling and Its Sediment Record was held september 1-4, 1981, in Vilamoura, Portugal. The theme implies a modification of uniformitarian thinking in earth science. Expectations were directed not so much towards find ing the key to the past as towards exploring the limits of interpret ing the past based on present upwelling oceanography. Coastal up welling and its imprint on sediments are particularly well-suited for such a scientific inquiry. The oceanic processes and conditions characteristic of upwelling are well understood and are a well packaged representation of ocean science that are familiar to geolo gists, just as the magnitude of bioproduction and sedimentation in upwelling regimes --among other biological and geological processes- have made oceanographers realize that the bottom has a feedback role for their models.
Book Synopsis The Biology of the Indian Ocean by : B. Zeitzschel
Download or read book The Biology of the Indian Ocean written by B. Zeitzschel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of a Symposium held at the University of Kiel, Germany, from 31 March to 6 April, 1971. The Symposium was organized by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and the Marine Productivity section of the International Biological Programme (IBPIPM) with the assistance of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the International Association of Biological Oceanography (IABO). The aim of the Symposium was to summarize present knowledge of the biology of the Indian Ocean. Twenty-two presentations by invited speakers reviewed the research work carried out during the International Indian Ocean Expedition (lIOE) 1959 -1965, the first cooperative project coordinated by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC). In addition, reports were presented of postexpedition examination of material and of more recent investigations relevant to the aims of the lIOE. In keeping with the aims of "Ecological Studies", the present volume contains much new information and some synthesis, all directed towards obtaining an understanding of the functioning and organization of the ecosystem of the Indian Ocean. The plan of the Symposium was to present the relevant meteorological, physical, chemical and geological background and to follow this with the various aspects of biological oceanography. Because of the uneven stage of development of the different disciplines, the papers included in this volume vary in their analytical level.
Book Synopsis Coastal Upwelling Its Sediment Record by : Jörn Thiede
Download or read book Coastal Upwelling Its Sediment Record written by Jörn Thiede and published by Springer. This book was released on 1983-07-31 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NATO Advanced Research Institutes are designed to explore unre solved problems. By focusing complementary expertise from various disciplines onto one unifying theme, they approach old problems in new ways. In line with this goal of the NATO Science Committee, and with substantial support from the u.s. Office of Naval Research and the Seabed Assessment Program of the u.s. National Science Founda tion, such a Research Institute on the theme of Coastal Qpw llinq and Its Sediment Record was held September 1-4, 1981, in Vilamoura, Portuqal. The theme implies a modification of uniformitarian thinking in earth science. Expectations were directed not so much towards find ing the key to the past as towards explorinq the limits of interpret inq the past based on present upwelling oceanography. Coastal up wellinq and its imprint on sediments are particularly well-suited for such a scientific inquiry. The oceanic processes and conditions characteristic of upwelling are well understood and are a well packaqed representation of ocean science that are familiar to qeolo gists, just as the maqnitude of bioproduction and sedimentation in upwellinq reqimes --among other bioloqical and geoloqical processes- have made oceanographers realize that the bottom has a feedback role for their models.
Book Synopsis Coastal Marine Ecosystems of Latin America by : U. Seeliger
Download or read book Coastal Marine Ecosystems of Latin America written by U. Seeliger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-10-18 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal and marine ecosystems, some severely degraded, other still pristine, control rich resources of inshore environments and coastal seas of Latin America's Pacific and Atlantic margins. Conflicts between the needs of the region's nations and diminishing revenues and environmental quality have induced awareness of coastal ecological problems and motivated financial support for restoration and management. The volume provides a competent review on the structure, processes and function of 22 important Latin American coastal marine ecosystems. Each contribution describes the environmental settings, biotic components and structure of the system, considers trophic processes and energy flow, evaluates the modifying influence of natural and human perturbations, and suggests management needs. Although the focus of the book is on basic ecological research, the results have application for coastal managers.
Download or read book Special Scientific Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Colour and Light in the Ocean by : Victor Martinez-Vicente
Download or read book Colour and Light in the Ocean written by Victor Martinez-Vicente and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-26 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CLEO publications in Frontiers in Marine Science Foreword Josef Aschbacher, Director of ESA’s Earth Observation Programmes Satellite data have drastically changed the view we have of the oceans. Covering about 70% of Earth’s surface, oceans play a unique role for our planet and for our life – but large areas remain unexplored and are difficult to reach. Since the 1980s, Earth-orbiting satellites have helped to observe what is happening at the ocean surface. Sensors like CZCS, AVHRR, SeaWifs and MODIS provided the first ocean colour data from space. Starting in 2002, ESA's Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) on-board the environmental satellite Envisat, provided detailed information on phytoplankton biomass and concentrations of other matter in the global oceans. These satellite observations laid the groundwork for studying the marine environment and how it responds to climate change, and the research community has since delivered information on the variability of marine ecosystems. Part of this work is reflected in this stunning collection of peer-reviewed publications presented at the workshop, Colour and Light in the Ocean from Earth Observation (CLEO), held at ESA’s ESRIN site in Frascati, Italy, on 6–8 September 2016. The event attracted more than 160 participants from all over the world, including remote sensing experts, marine ecosystem modelers, in-situ observers and users of Earth observation data. Scientifically, the meeting covered applications in climate studies over primary productivity and ocean dynamics, to pools of carbon and phytoplankton diversity at global and regional scales. It also demonstrated the potential of Earth observation and its contribution to modern oceanography. Looking to the future, new satellites developed by ESA under the coordination of the European Commission will further our scientific and operational observations of the seas. With Sentinel-3A in orbit and its twin Sentinel-3B following in 2017, there is a new category of data available for operational oceanographic applications and climate studies for years to come. These data are free and easy to access by anyone interested. Looking at the role of oceans in our daily lives, I am sure that this collection of scientific excellence will be valued by scientists of today and will inspire the next generation to carry these ideas into the future.
Book Synopsis Treatise on Geophysics, Volume 7 by : David Bercovici
Download or read book Treatise on Geophysics, Volume 7 written by David Bercovici and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-05-17 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatise on Geophysics: Mantle Dynamics, Volume 7 aims to provide both a classical and state-of-the-art introduction to the methods and science of mantle dynamics, as well as survey leading order problems (both solved and unsolved) and current understanding of how the mantle works. It is organized around two themes: (1) how is mantle convection studied; and (2) what do we understand about mantle dynamics to date. The first four chapters are thus concerned with pedagogical reviews of the physics of mantle convection; laboratory studies of the fluid dynamics of convection relevant to the mantle; theoretical analysis of mantle dynamics; and numerical analysis and methods of mantle convection. The subsequent chapters concentrate on leading issues of mantle convection itself, which include the energy budget of the mantle; the upper mantle and lithosphere in and near the spreading center (mid-ocean ridge) environment; the dynamics of subducting slabs; hot spots, melting anomalies, and mantle plumes; and finally, geochemical mantle dynamics and mixing. Self-contained volume starts with an overview of the subject then explores each topic in detail Extensive reference lists and cross references with other volumes to facilitate further research Full-color figures and tables support the text and aid in understanding Content suited for both the expert and non-expert
Book Synopsis Ecosystems of California by : Harold Mooney
Download or read book Ecosystems of California written by Harold Mooney and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2016-01-19 with total page 1009 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This long-anticipated reference and sourcebook for California’s remarkable ecological abundance provides an integrated assessment of each major ecosystem type—its distribution, structure, function, and management. A comprehensive synthesis of our knowledge about this biologically diverse state, Ecosystems of California covers the state from oceans to mountaintops using multiple lenses: past and present, flora and fauna, aquatic and terrestrial, natural and managed. Each chapter evaluates natural processes for a specific ecosystem, describes drivers of change, and discusses how that ecosystem may be altered in the future. This book also explores the drivers of California’s ecological patterns and the history of the state’s various ecosystems, outlining how the challenges of climate change and invasive species and opportunities for regulation and stewardship could potentially affect the state’s ecosystems. The text explicitly incorporates both human impacts and conservation and restoration efforts and shows how ecosystems support human well-being. Edited by two esteemed ecosystem ecologists and with overviews by leading experts on each ecosystem, this definitive work will be indispensable for natural resource management and conservation professionals as well as for undergraduate or graduate students of California’s environment and curious naturalists.
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Remote Sensing by : Shunlin Liang
Download or read book Comprehensive Remote Sensing written by Shunlin Liang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 3183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Remote Sensing, Nine Volume Set covers all aspects of the topic, with each volume edited by well-known scientists and contributed to by frontier researchers. It is a comprehensive resource that will benefit both students and researchers who want to further their understanding in this discipline. The field of remote sensing has quadrupled in size in the past two decades, and increasingly draws in individuals working in a diverse set of disciplines ranging from geographers, oceanographers, and meteorologists, to physicists and computer scientists. Researchers from a variety of backgrounds are now accessing remote sensing data, creating an urgent need for a one-stop reference work that can comprehensively document the development of remote sensing, from the basic principles, modeling and practical algorithms, to various applications. Fully comprehensive coverage of this rapidly growing discipline, giving readers a detailed overview of all aspects of Remote Sensing principles and applications Contains ‘Layered content’, with each article beginning with the basics and then moving on to more complex concepts Ideal for advanced undergraduates and academic researchers Includes case studies that illustrate the practical application of remote sensing principles, further enhancing understanding
Book Synopsis Climate Change Impacts on Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2 Volumes by : Bruce F. Phillips
Download or read book Climate Change Impacts on Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2 Volumes written by Bruce F. Phillips and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 1075 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive review of the current and future effects of climate change on the world’s fisheries and aquaculture operations The first book of its kind, Climate Change Impacts on Fisheries and Aquaculture explores the impacts of climate change on global fisheries resources and on marine aquaculture. It also offers expert suggestions on possible adaptations to reduce those impacts. The world's climate is changing more rapidly than scientists had envisioned just a few years ago, and the potential impact of climate change on world food production is quite alarming. Nowhere is the sense of alarm more keenly felt than among those who study the warming of the world's oceans. Evidence of the dire effects of climate change on fisheries and fish farming has now mounted to such an extent that the need for a book such as this has become urgent. A landmark publication devoted exclusively to how climate change is affecting and is likely to affect commercially vital fisheries and aquaculture operations globally, Climate Change Impacts on Fisheries and Aquaculture provides scientists and fishery managers with a summary of and reference point for information on the subject which has been gathered thus far. Covers an array of critical topics and assesses reviews of climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture from many countries, including Japan, Mexico, South Africa, Australia, Chile, US, UK, New Zealand, Pacific Islands, India and others Features chapters on the effects of climate change on pelagic species, cod, lobsters, plankton, macroalgae, seagrasses and coral reefs Reviews the spread of diseases, economic and social impacts, marine aquaculture and adaptation in aquaculture under climate change Includes special reports on the Antarctic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, the Arctic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea Extensive references throughout the book make this volume both a comprehensive text for general study and a reference/guide to further research for fisheries scientists, fisheries managers, aquaculture personnel, climate change specialists, aquatic invertebrate and vertebrate biologists, physiologists, marine biologists, economists, environmentalist biologists and planners.
Book Synopsis Prince of New Avon by : Willow Skye Robinson
Download or read book Prince of New Avon written by Willow Skye Robinson and published by Trafford Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bruce was the happiest pegasus in the seven worlds. As Master Wizard and Prince of New Avon, he ruled scores of outlying herds and commanded North America's most powerful source of magic: Mornwing Upwelling. He was young and handsome and newly life-mated to Alcyon Skydance Galeryon of the Far Isles, the most beautiful Pegasian princess he had ever seen. As we humans say, Bruce had it made. Then, suddenly: Transfer orders! His ancestral dimension was slated to be downsized to dandle fluff by the Great Herdmaster and the Council of Greater Sentient Species. As if that weren't enough, his gorgeous little princess became a headstrong, power-hungry nag, and then Bruce blundered into the arms of a very powerful, very inept witch. The woman most foully Enchanted him, and her polluting touch forced Alcy, her annoying firedrake Maitland, and Bruce into exile in the mundane. Imagine! Pegasian Royalty in a stall! That's where the trio had to take refuge, though, thanks to Laura Hennessey LaCroix whose commands required Bruce to use every last ounce of magic and all his Powers—invisibility, mimicry, flight, telepathy, and Inspiration—to obey her or die. Thrown into the world of men, Bruce became an outlaw, lost his principality, and open a gifted man to dark and dangerous Powers. And, while Alcy and Bruce struggled just to stay alive, an evil, shape-changing monster declared war on them, their humans, and all of mankind!