Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Download Universals Qualities And Quality Instances full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Universals Qualities And Quality Instances ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author : James Porter Moreland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Universals, Qualities, and Quality-instances written by James Porter Moreland and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : James Porter Moreland
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317490002
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)
Download or read book Universals written by James Porter Moreland and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Things are particulars and their qualities are universals, but do universals have an existence distinct from the particular things describable by those terms? And what must be their nature if they do? This book provides a careful and assured survey of the central issues of debate surrounding universals, in particular those issues that have been a crucial part of the emergence of contemporary analytic ontology. The book begins with a taxonomy of extreme nominalist, moderate nominalist, and realist positions on properties, and outlines the way each handles the phenomena of predication, resemblance, and abstract reference. The debate about properties and philosophical naturalism is also examined. Different forms of extreme nominalism, moderate nominalism, and minimalist realism are critiqued. Later chapters defend a traditional realist view of universals and examine the objections to realism from various infinite regresses, the difficulties in stating identity conditions for properties, and problems with realist accounts of knowledge of abstract objects. In addition, the debate between Platonists and Aristotelians is examined alongside a discussion of the relationship between properties and an adequate theory of existence. The book's final chapter explores the problem of individuating particulars. The book makes accessible a difficult topic without blunting the sophistication of argument required by a more advanced readership.
Author : P.F. Strawson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351876708
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)
Download or read book Universals, Concepts and Qualities written by P.F. Strawson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are there universal properties grounding our sense of resemblance or qualitative identity among a number of distinct things or events which appear to form a class, a type or a kind of some other sort? Do universals such as humanness, triangularity, or being an oak exist? Is being a laptop computer a universal which has only recently come into existence? Do predicate expressions, adjectives or abstract nouns refer to objective properties or cognitive contents called concepts? The problem of universals has been at the centre of ancient, medieval, Western and Indian metaphysics. After the logico-linguistic turn in philosophy, this problem re-surfaced in the discourse on the meaning of predicate expressions on the one hand and in the theories of concepts on the other. By introducing newly commissioned essays written by the leading metaphysicians, epistemologists, philosophers of language and philosophers of mathematics, this anthology evinces current analytic philosophy's healthy re-engagement with this perennial problem. Issues raised include: Do properties and other abstract entities exist independently of human language and thought? Can we be in direct perceptual touch with properties or particular qualities? Is a higher order quantification over predicated properties intelligible or indispensable? Insights from current Western thought are compared with recent work in analytic Indian philosophy on such issues. No serious researcher or teacher of contemporary and comparative analytical metaphysics can afford to ignore the essays of this collection.
Author : Donald W. Mertz
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110333236
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Essays on Realist Instance Ontology and its Logic written by Donald W. Mertz and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structure or system is a ubiquitous and uneliminable feature of all our experience and theory, and requires an ontological analysis. The essays collected in this volume provide an account of structure founded upon the proper analysis of polyadic relations as the irreducible and defining elements of structure. It is argued that polyadic relations are ontic predicates in the insightful sense of intension-determined agent-combinators, monadic properties being the limiting and historically misleading case. This assay of ontic predicates has a number of powerful explanatory implications, including fundamentally: providing ontology with a principium individuationis, demonstrating the perennial theory that properties and relations are individuated as unit attributes or ‘instances’, giving content to the ontology of facts or states of affairs, and providing a means to precisely differentiate identity from indiscernibility. The differentiation of the unrepeatable combinatorial and repeatable intension aspects of ontic predicates makes it possible to properly diagnose and disarm the classis Bradley Regress Argument aimed against attributes and universals, an argument that trades on confusing these aspects. It is argued that these two aspects of ontic predicates form a ‘composite simple’, an explanation that sheds light on the nature and necessity of the medieval formal distinction, e.g., the distinctio formalis a parte rei of Scotus. Following from this analysis of ontic predication there is given a number of principles delineating realist instance ontology, together with a critique of both nominalistic trope theory and modern revivals of Aristotle’s instance ontology of the Categories. It is shown how the resulting theory of facts can, via ‘horizontal’ and ‘vertical’ composition, account for all the hierarchical structuring of our experience and theory, and, importantly, how this can rest upon an atomic ontic level composed of only dependent ontic predicates. The latter is a desideratum for the proposed ‘Structural Realism’ ontology for micro-physics where at its lowest level the physical is said to be totally relational/structural. Nullified is the classic and insidious assumption that dependent entities presuppose a class of independent substrata or ‘substances’, and with this any pressure to admit ‘bare particulars’ and intensionless relations or ‘ties’. The logic inherent in realist instance ontology-termed ‘PPL’-is formalized in detail and given a consistency proof. Demonstrated is the logic’s power to distinguish legitimate from illegitimate impredicative definitions, and in this how it provides a general solution to the classic self-referential paradoxes. PPL corresponds to Gödel’s programmatic ‘Theory of Concepts’. The last essay, not previously published, provides a detailed differentiation of identity from indiscernibility, preliminary to which is given an explanation of in what sense a predicate logic presupposes an ontology of predication. The principles needed for the differentiation have the significant implication (e.g., for the foundations of mathematics) of implying an infinity of logical entities, viz., instances of the identity relation.
Author : David A.J. Seargent
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400951310
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Plurality and Continuity written by David A.J. Seargent and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: by D. M. Armstrong In the history of the discussion of the problem of universals, G. F. Stout has an honoured, and special. place. For the Nominalist, meaning by that term a philosopher who holds that existence of repeatables - kinds, sorts, type- and the indubitable existence of general terms, is a problem. The Nominalist's opponent, the Realist, escapes the Nominalist's difficulty by postulating universals. He then faces difficulties of his own. Is he to place these universals in a special realm? Or is he to bring them down to earth: perhaps turning them into repeatable properties of particulars (universalia in res), and repeatable relations between universals (universalia inter res)? Whichever solution he opts for, there are well-known difficulties about how particulars stand to these universals. Under these circumstances the Nominalist may make an important con cession to the Realist, a concession which he can make without abandoning his Nominalism. He may concede that metaphysics ought to recognize that particulars have properties (qualities, perhaps) and are related by relations. But, he can maintain, these properties and relations are particulars, not universals. Nor, indeed, is such a position entirely closed to the Realist. A Realist about universals may, and some Realists do, accept particularized properties and relations in addition to universals. As Dr. Seargent shows at the beginning of his book. a doctrine of part icularized properties and relations has led at least a submerged existence from Plato onwards. The special, classical.
Author : Stewart Umphrey
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 9780739103067
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Complexity and Analysis written by Stewart Umphrey and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2002 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wherever we look, we notice complexity. Philosophically, the concept constitutes a tangled web of problems, in theory as well as daily life. Complexity and Analysis is a meticulous rendering of these problems, tackling the seldom considered nature of complexity that confronts ontological analysts and holists alike. Stewart Umphrey expertly describes the limits of analysis as they have come to light within mathematics, the natural sciences, and analytic philosophy, explaining how Aristotle came upon, and sought to move beyond, the limits of ontological analysis. In trying to understand any complex entity, Umphrey argues, one succeeds in meeting the criterion of metaphysical adequacy only if one fails to meet the crietrion of epistemological adequacy. Ranging across an array of subjects including Kantian and Hegelian idealism, this book provides a superb account of how our own complexity presents not only theoretical problems, but ethical and political dilemmas of great practical significance.
Author : Panayot Butchvarov
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Resemblance and Identity written by Panayot Butchvarov and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Andrew Newman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521411319
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (214 download)
Download or read book The Physical Basis of Predication written by Andrew Newman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992-10-30 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book about metaphysics the author defends a realistic view of universals, characterizing the notion of universal by considering language and logic, the idea of possibility, hierarchies of universals, and causation. He argues that neither language nor logic is a reliable guide to the nature of reality and that basic universals are the fundamental type of universal and are central to causation. All assertions and predications about the natural world are ultimately founded on these basic universals. A distinction is drawn between unified particulars (which reveal natural principle of unity) and arbitrary particulars (which lack such a principle); unified particulars are the terms of causal relations and thus the real constituents of the world. The world is not made up of events but of unified particulars and basic universals.
Author : Chu-ren Huang
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521886597
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)
Download or read book Ontology and the Lexicon written by Chu-ren Huang and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-04 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An edited collection focusing on the technology involved in enabling integration between lexical resources and semantic technologies.
Author : Jan Dejnozka
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780822630531
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (35 download)
Download or read book The Ontology of the Analytic Tradition and Its Origins written by Jan Dejnozka and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 1996 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The analytic movement advertised its 'linguistic turn' as a radical break from the two-thousand-year-old substance tradition. But this is an illusion. On the fundamental level of ontology, there is enough reformulation and presupposition of traditional 'no entity without identity' themes to analogize Frege, Russell, Wittgenstein, and Quine to Aristotle as paradigmatic of modified realism. Thus the pace of ontology is glacial. Frege and Russell, not Wittgenstein and Quine, emerge as the true analytic progenitors of 'no entity without identity, ' offering between them at least twenty-nine private language arguments and sixty-four 'no entity without identity' theories
Author : Matthew Tugby
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198855109
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)
Download or read book Putting Properties First written by Matthew Tugby and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-07-07 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Putting Properties First considers the metaphysics of natural science. It develops and defends a contemporary metaphysical theory of natural modality called 'Modal Platonism', which puts properties first in the metaphysical hierarchy. According to this theory, natural properties-such as mass and charge-are fundamental entities which ground the laws of nature and the behavioural dispositions of physical things. This theory differs from other 'properties-first' approaches in two main ways. First, it views properties as Platonic universals, which exist even if they are not instantiated by anything. Second, the theory rejects the popular idea that properties are identical with, or essentially dependent upon, dispositions. Instead, Modal Platonism views properties as qualities which necessarily ground dispositions and other modal phenomena. This theory solves a range of philosophical puzzles regarding dispositions and laws. Given that laws of nature are a necessary precondition for scientific enquiry, Modal Platonism promises to provide a plausible metaphysical framework for all natural science.
Author : Peter M. Scharf
Publisher : American Philosophical Society
ISBN 13 : 9780871698636
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (986 download)
Download or read book The Denotation of Generic Terms in Ancient Indian Philosophy written by Peter M. Scharf and published by American Philosophical Society. This book was released on 1996 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a print on demand publication. This work deals with a topic to which philosophy, most notably analytic philosophy, has given considerable attention. Indian thinkers discuss the denotation of generic terms in a very sophisticated manner at a very early time. This book seeks to make these discussions available to philosophers today. Tables.
Author : Herbert Hochberg
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
ISBN 13 : 1452907838
Total Pages : 505 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (529 download)
Download or read book Thought, Fact, and Reference written by Herbert Hochberg and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 1978 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alessandro Garcia
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540335838
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)
Download or read book Software Engineering for Multi-Agent Systems IV written by Alessandro Garcia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-04-27 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a coherent, well-balanced survey of recent advances in software engineering approaches to the design and analysis of realistic large-scale multi-agent systems (MAS). The chapters included are devoted to various techniques and methods used to cope with the complexity of real-world MAS. Reflecting the importance of agent properties in today's software systems, the power of agent-based software engineering is illustrated using examples that are representative of successful applications.
Author : Javier Cumpa
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 311032959X
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Ontological Categories written by Javier Cumpa and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is about ontological categories. The categories of an ontology are designed to classify all existents. They are crucial and characterize an ontology.
Author : Neil Mehta
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262548283
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)
Download or read book A Pluralist Theory of Perception written by Neil Mehta and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2024-08-06 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new theory of perception that posits that conscious perception consists not of a single kind of awareness, but of two radically different kinds deployed in concert. Most contemporary theories of perception, including leading forms of representationalism and naive realism, are monistic: they assume that to consciously perceive is to deploy only one kind of sensory awareness. In A Pluralist Theory of Perception, Neil Mehta instead argues for pluralism, which says that to consciously perceive is to deploy two very different kinds of sensory awareness in concert. Mehta argues that pluralism can simultaneously explain what is common to all forms of consciousness and what is distinctive about conscious perception. Mehta’s preferred version of pluralism, which he calls rich pluralism, says that conscious perception is constituted by successful sensory representation and deep awareness. Successful sensory representation is a representational form of awareness whose targets include particulars. It is found in perceptions, whether conscious or unconscious, but not in hallucinations. By contrast, deep awareness is a nonrepresentational form of sensory awareness whose targets are certain universals—the sensory qualities. Deep awareness constitutes one kind of consciousness, it is common to conscious perceptions and hallucinations, and it reveals part of the essences of its targets. Mehta argues that although rich pluralism appears to be less parsimonious than monism, it is not. All monistic theories that are explanatorily adequate end up being even more complex than rich pluralism. Thus, rich pluralism is the most spartan theory that can shoulder the explanatory load.
Author : Thomas Baldwin
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136957782
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (369 download)
Download or read book Moore (Arguments of the Philosophers) written by Thomas Baldwin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1992 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This famous series provides a contemporary assessment and history of the entire course of philosophical thought. Each book constitutes a detailed, critical introduction to the work of a philosopher or school of major influence and significance.
