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Author : Harriet Rowthorn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (128 download)
Download or read book Understanding the Effects of Lying by Fabrication on Memory for the Truth written by Harriet Rowthorn and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Eric J. Rindal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Repeated Lying on False Memory Development written by Eric J. Rindal and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can an individual that lies come to believe their own lies were true? The goals of this dissertation were to (1) investigate whether lying might lead to false memories wherein the individual that lies can come to misremember their own lies as the truth and (2) whether lying repeatedly may exacerbate the development of these false memories. In three experiments, participants viewed an eyewitness event and were then asked to lie about having seen details and events that they never witnessed. Participants were asked to lie about some details once and to consistently lie about other details three times. Memory for the originally witnessed event was assessed following a 4-week retention interval with both free recall and yes/no recognition. Experiment 1 demonstrated that lying once or repeatedly resulted in false memories wherein participants falsely recalled details they earlier fabricated as part of the witnessed event as well as falsely assented to having seen the details they earlier fabricated. Repeated lying resulted in fewer false assents to having seen their previous fabrications, whereas the opposite pattern was observed in free recall. Experiment 2 tested whether the timing and the number of repetitions impacted the rate of false memories. Whereas, there was no difference in the rate of false memories for lies that were repeated during the same session relative to those repeated two days apart, consistent with Experiment 1, repeatedly lying decreased the rate of false assents to having seen their lies, but produced an inverse pattern in free recall. Experiment 2 also demonstrated that repeated lying improved memory for having previously lied. If the individual that lies can remember having lied, they are unlikely to believe their lies to be true. Thus, I hypothesized that the degree to which lies result in false memories on both measures was dependent on the how readily participants could remember the source of their lies (i.e., having lied). Based on research demonstrating that memory for source is more susceptible to interference than memory for the content (Johnson, Kounios, & Reeder, 1994), Experiment 3 tested whether limiting cognitive resources, thus limiting accessibility to source, by using a dual-task deadline procedure would impact the rate of false memories. However, the dual-task deadline procedure was ineffective in impairing accessibility to memory for source. Nevertheless, Experiment 3 again demonstrated that repeated lying led to a decrease in false assents with an opposite pattern in false recall. Thus, collectively across the three experiments, it was demonstrated that lying led to false memories, and that repeatedly lying can either increase or decrease the rate of false memories depending on how memory is assessed.
Author : Henry Otgaar
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190612029
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)
Download or read book Finding the Truth in the Courtroom written by Henry Otgaar and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-02 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many criminal trials, forensic technical evidence is lacking and triers of fact must rely on the reliability of eyewitness statements, identifications, and testimony; however, such reports can be riddled with deceptive statements or erroneous recollections. Based on such considerations, the question arises as to how one should weigh such eyewitness accounts given the theoretical and empirical knowledge in this field. Finding the Truth in the Courtroom focuses on how legal professionals, legal/forensic psychologists, and memory researchers can decide when statements or identifications are based on truthful or fabricated experiences and whether one can distinguish between lies, deception, and false memories. The contributors, key experts in the field, assemble recent experimental work and case studies in which deception or false memory plays a dominant role. Topics discussed relate to the susceptibility to suggestive pressure (e.g., "Under which circumstances are children or adults the most vulnerable to suggestion?"), the fabrication of symptoms (e.g., "How to detect whether PTSD symptoms are malingered?"), and the detection of deceit (e.g., "Which paradigms are promising in deception detection?"), among others. By using this approach, this volume unites diverse streams of research (i.e., deception, malingering, false memory) that are involved in the reliability of eyewitness statements.
Author : Danielle Cristi Polage
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (438 download)
Download or read book Truth, Lies, and Memory Change written by Danielle Cristi Polage and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Aldert Vrij
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470516259
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (75 download)
Download or read book Detecting Lies and Deceit written by Aldert Vrij and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-19 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do people lie? Do gender and personality differences affect how people lie? How can lies be detected? Detecting Lies and Deceit provides the most comprehensive review of deception to date. This revised edition provides an up-to-date account of deception research and discusses the working and efficacy of the most commonly used lie detection tools, including: Behaviour Analysis Interview Statement Validity Assessment Reality Monitoring Scientific Content Analysis Several different polygraph tests Voice Stress Analysis Thermal Imaging EEG-P300 Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) All three aspects of deception are covered: nonverbal cues, speech and written statement analysis and (neuro)physiological responses. The most common errors in lie detection are discussed and practical guidelines are provided to help professionals improve their lie detection skills. Detecting Lies and Deceit is a must-have resource for students, academics and professionals in psychology, criminology, policing and law.
Author : Fabiana Battista
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832549969
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)
Download or read book The Impact of Internal and External Influences on Memory and their Relevance to Legal Decisions written by Fabiana Battista and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-08-02 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fallibility of memory has been often demonstrated. A plethora of studies has focused on external influences that can affect memory reports, such as suggestive questioning. Adopting different paradigms (e.g., misinformation, memory conformity), the recurrent pattern of findings of these studies is that suggestion can make people prone to falsely recall details that were never experienced (i.e., commission errors, false details). In addition, suggestion can make them unable to recall truly experienced events or event-related details. However, internal influences can also affect memory. One such internal influence is deception. In the last decade, several studies have investigated how memory can be affected by deception. Specifically, these studies have shown that a person who has intentionally deceived the listener about an experienced event, subsequently when the person comes forward with the truth shows an impaired memory for such an event. This line of research examined the detrimental effects on memory by taking into account different strategies to deceive (e.g., false denials, feigned amnesia, and fabrication) and found that the memory outcomes due to deception can vary based on the strategy used to deceive. A number of studies has also demonstrated that another type of deception - known as self-deception - can influence our memory. This strategy relies on the act of deceiving our own selves and seems to reduce the recall of negative memories. The understanding of the effects of external (e.g., suggestion) and internal (e.g., deception, self-deception) on memory is important, not only in order to gain more fundamental information on how memory works, but also because of the relevance of memory functioning within the legal context. Memory distortions, for example, inaccurate eyewitness testimony, can lead to impactful legal decisions, such as wrongful convictions. Several studies have underlined the harmful consequences of distorted statements. Additional support is found in databases from various worldwide associations who strive to obtain fair justice for people involved in wrongful convictions cases (for instance, www.innocenceproject.org). Therefore, it is important that researchers continue to provide evidence on the mnemonic impact of internal and external factors that influence legal practitioners to help avoid miscarriages of justice.
Author : Torkild Thellefsen
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 1501507141
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Umberto Eco in His Own Words written by Torkild Thellefsen and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-08-21 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hitherto, there has been no book that attempted to sum up the breadth of Umberto Eco’s work and it importance for the study of semiotics, communication and cognition. There have been anthologies and overviews of Eco’s work within Eco Studies; sometimes, works in semiotics have used aspects of Eco’s work. Yet, thus far, there has been no overview of the work of Eco in the breadth of semiotics. This volume is a contribution to both semiotics and Eco studies. The 40 scholars who participate in the volume come from a variety of disciplines but have all chosen to work with a favorite quotation from Eco that they find particularly illustrative of the issues that his work raises. Some of the scholars have worked exegetically placing the quotation within a tradition, others have determined the (epistemic) value of the quotation and offered a critique, while still others have seen the quotation as a starting point for conceptual developments within a field of application. However, each article within this volume points toward the relevance of Eco -- for contemporary studies concerning semiotics, communication and cognition.
Author : Henry Otgaar
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190612010
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)
Download or read book Finding the Truth in the Courtroom written by Henry Otgaar and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finding the Truth in the Courtroom combines the science behind deception and memory and their relation in court. Testimonies are oftentimes the most important piece of evidence in legal cases. Hence, this book shows how such testimonies can be riddled with deception and/or memory errors, how to detect them, and what you can against them.
Author : Anne M. Ridley
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470663693
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (76 download)
Download or read book Suggestibility in Legal Contexts written by Anne M. Ridley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-22 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive survey of the theory, research and forensic implications related to suggestibility in legal contexts that includes the latest research. Provides a useful digest for academics and a trusted text for students of forensic and applied psychology A vital resource for legal practitioners who need to familiarize themselves with the subject Includes practical suggestions for minimizing witness suggestibility in interviews Features topics that focus on suggestibility at each stage - from witnessing a crime through to trial
Author : Graham Davies
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110879484
Total Pages : 629 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Psychology, Law, and Criminal Justice written by Graham Davies and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-06-15 with total page 629 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Paul Riesthuis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)
Download or read book When Lies Become the Truth written by Paul Riesthuis and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Gabriel A. Radvansky
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000351025
Total Pages : 675 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Human Memory written by Gabriel A. Radvansky and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2021-03-30 with total page 675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Memory, 4th edition, provides a comprehensive overview of research and theory on human memory. Written in an engaging style, the book is divided into three sections, providing an accessible introduction to the application and assessment of memory theory. Beginning with the history of memory, the first section explores basic methodology and neuroscience. The second section examines the key topics of memory such as the sensory registers, mechanisms of forgetting and short-term, nondeclarative, episodic, and semantic memory. The third section focuses on specialist topics such as amnesia, memory for space and time, autobiographical memory, memory and reality, memory and the law, metamemory and formal models of memory. Instructors could pick and chose which of these chapters best fit the goals of their course. New to this edition: More prominent discussion of neuroscience findings. Coverage of a wider range of neuroscientific techniques. Greater emphasis on memory changes over time. New explanation of how to calculate a wider range of signal detection measures. Additional content on a wide range of topics including the mirror effect, sleep-related memory processes, vicarious autobiographical memories, inter-generational memory transmission, the impact of lying on memory, eyewitness collaboration, and aging and spatial memory. Expanded coverage of areas including theories of hypermnesia, chunking, serial order memory, prospective memory, threshold models, and eyewitness line-up identification. Updated companion resources, including PowerPoint slides and exam questions. The book highlights the application of memory theory and findings to everyday experience, presents in-depth explorations of studies, and provides opportunities for students to explore the assessment of memory in more laboratory-based settings. Packed full of student-friendly pedagogy including study questions, Stop and Review and Try it Out sections, Study in Depth text boxes, and more, Human Memory, 4th edition is an essential companion for all students of human memory.
Author : Elizabeth Y. Kelly
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Magic If written by Elizabeth Y. Kelly and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : C. J. Brainerd
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190288485
Total Pages : 578 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)
Download or read book The Science of False Memory written by C. J. Brainerd and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-05-05 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Findings from research on false memory have major implications for a number of fields central to human welfare, such as medicine and law. Although many important conclusions have been reached after a decade or so of intensive research, the majority of them are not well known outside the immediate field. To make this research accessible to a much wider audience, The Science of False Memory has been written to require little or no background knowledge of the theory and techniques used in memory research. Brainerd and Reyna introduce the volume by considering the progenitors to the modern science of false memory, and noting the remarkable degree to which core themes of contemporary research were anticipated by historical figure such as Binet, Piaget, and Bartlett. They continue with an account of the varied methods that have been used to study false memory both inside and outside of the laboratory. The first part of the volume focuses on the basic science of false memory, revolving around three topics: old and new theoretical ideas that have been used to explain false memory and make predictions about it; research findings and predictions about false memory in normal adults; and research findings and predictions about age-related changes in false memory between early childhood and adulthood. Throughout Part I, Brainerd and Reyna emphasize how current opponent-processes conceptions of false memory act as a unifying influence by integrating predictions and data across disparate forms of false memory. The second part focuses on the applied science of false memory, revolving around four topics: the falsifiability of witnesses and suspects memories of crimes, including false confessions by suspects; the falsifiability of eyewitness identifications of suspects; false-memory reports in investigative interviews of child victims and witnesses, particularly in connection with sexual-abuse crimes; false memory in psychotherapy, including recovered memories of childhood abuse, multiple-personality disorders, and recovered memories of previous lives. Although Part II is concerned with applied research, Brainerd and Reyna continue to emphasize the unifying influence of opponent-processes conceptions of false memory. The third part focuses on emerging trends, revolving around three expanding areas of false-memory research: mathematical models, aging effects, and cognitive neuroscience. False Memory will be an invaluable resource for professional researchers, practitioners, and students in the many fields for which false-memory research has implications, including child-protective services, clinical psychology, law, criminal justice, elementary and secondary education, general medicine, journalism, and psychiatry.
Author : Alice H. Eagly
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1134931212
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (349 download)
Download or read book Sex Differences in Social Behavior written by Alice H. Eagly and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In presenting an innovative theory of sex differences in the social context, this volume applies social-role theory and meta-analytic techniques to research in aggression, social influence, helping, nonverbal, and group behavior. Eagly's findings show that gender stereotypic behavior results from different male and female role expectations, and that the disparity between these gender stereotypes and actual sex differences is not as great as is often believed.
Author : Robert Feldman
Publisher : Random House
ISBN 13 : 075352192X
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (535 download)
Download or read book Liar written by Robert Feldman and published by Random House. This book was released on 2013-03-31 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever told someone they looked 'great' when they really looked awful? Ever said you'd be 'there in a second' ... knowing it would be more like five minutes? Ever made up an excuse to get out of a difficult situation? Or claimed that you never told lies? Never? Liar! But don't feel bad - we all tell lies, all the time. Two to three times in a ten-minute conversation is the average according to the latest research. From the 'white lies' that help smooth over tricky social situations to lies told with intent to harm, lying plays a huge - and crucial - role in our society at every level. Drawing on mindboggling examples of real-life liars who were caught in the act as well as years of research into deception, Robert Feldman, one of the world's leading authorities in the field, reveals the truth about why we lie, including how children learn to do it, what it costs us, how we benefit and how it can fail with catastrophic consequences.
Author : Neil Brewer
Publisher : Guilford Publications
ISBN 13 : 1462538304
Total Pages : 473 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (625 download)
Download or read book Psychological Science and the Law written by Neil Brewer and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2019-04-04 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychological research can provide constructive explanations of key problems in the criminal justice system--and can help generate solutions. This state-of-the-art text dissects the psychological processes associated with fundamental legal questions: Is a suspect lying? Will an incarcerated individual be dangerous in the future? Is an eyewitness accurate? How can false memories be implanted? How do juries, experts, forensic examiners, and judges make decisions, and how can racial and other forms of bias be minimized? Chapters offer up-to-date reviews of relevant theory, experimental methods, and empirical findings. Specific recommendations are made for improving the quality of evidence and preserving the integrity of investigative and legal proceedings.
