Pattern Recognition in Computational Molecular Biology

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119078865
Total Pages : 654 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Pattern Recognition in Computational Molecular Biology by : Mourad Elloumi

Download or read book Pattern Recognition in Computational Molecular Biology written by Mourad Elloumi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-12-24 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of high-performance pattern recognition techniques and approaches to Computational Molecular Biology This book surveys the developments of techniques and approaches on pattern recognition related to Computational Molecular Biology. Providing a broad coverage of the field, the authors cover fundamental and technical information on these techniques and approaches, as well as discussing their related problems. The text consists of twenty nine chapters, organized into seven parts: Pattern Recognition in Sequences, Pattern Recognition in Secondary Structures, Pattern Recognition in Tertiary Structures, Pattern Recognition in Quaternary Structures, Pattern Recognition in Microarrays, Pattern Recognition in Phylogenetic Trees, and Pattern Recognition in Biological Networks. Surveys the development of techniques and approaches on pattern recognition in biomolecular data Discusses pattern recognition in primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures, as well as microarrays, phylogenetic trees and biological networks Includes case studies and examples to further illustrate the concepts discussed in the book Pattern Recognition in Computational Molecular Biology: Techniques and Approaches is a reference for practitioners and professional researches in Computer Science, Life Science, and Mathematics. This book also serves as a supplementary reading for graduate students and young researches interested in Computational Molecular Biology.

Biomphalaria Snails and Larval Trematodes

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441970282
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomphalaria Snails and Larval Trematodes by : Rafael Toledo

Download or read book Biomphalaria Snails and Larval Trematodes written by Rafael Toledo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-07 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to provide an overview of the biology of the planorbid snail Biomphalaria glabrata mainly as related to the snail’s role as a host of larval trematodes . This snail is of great importance in medical and economic zoology as a vector of important trematode (fluke) diseases in human and veterinary medicine and in wildlife biology. Moreover, this snail is a useful model for numerous basic studies in biology and chemistry. A book that provides modern coverage of diverse topics from the molecule to the community of this snail as related to larval trematode parasitism is not available. This book should appeal to a wide audience of biologists, ecologists, biochemists, malacologists, parasitologists, public health workers, epidemiologists, and graduate and advanced undergraduate students in biomedical and allied health sciences.

Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning – ICANN 2023

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031442164
Total Pages : 633 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (314 download)

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Book Synopsis Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning – ICANN 2023 by : Lazaros Iliadis

Download or read book Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning – ICANN 2023 written by Lazaros Iliadis and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-09-21 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 10-volume set LNCS 14254-14263 constitutes the proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning, ICANN 2023, which took place in Heraklion, Crete, Greece, during September 26–29, 2023. The 426 full papers, 9 short papers and 9 abstract papers included in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 947 submissions. ICANN is a dual-track conference, featuring tracks in brain inspired computing on the one hand, and machine learning on the other, with strong cross-disciplinary interactions and applications.

Software-Defined Network Frameworks

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1040018327
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Software-Defined Network Frameworks by : Mandeep Kaur

Download or read book Software-Defined Network Frameworks written by Mandeep Kaur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-04-22 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Software-Defined Networks (SDN) work by virtualization of the network and the Cognitive Software-Defined Network (CSDN) combines the efficiencies of SDN with cognitive learning algorithms and enhanced protocols to automatize SDN. Partial deployment of SDN along with traditional networking devices forms a Hybrid Software-Defined Network (HSDN). Software-Defined Network Frameworks: Security Issues and Use Cases consolidates the research relating to the security in SDN, CSDN, and Hybrid SDNs. The security enhancements derived from the use of various SDN frameworks and the security challenges thus introduced, are also discussed. Overall, this book explains the different architectures of SDNs and the security challenges needed for implementing them. Features: Illustrates different frameworks of SDN and their security issues in a single volume Discusses design and assessment of efficient SDN northbound/southbound interfaces Describes cognitive computing, affective computing, machine learning, and other novel tools Illustrates coupling of SDN and traditional networking – Hybrid SDN Explores services, technologies, algorithms, and methods for data analysis in CSDN The book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in software engineering, network security, computer networks, high performance computing, communications engineering, and intelligent systems.

Pattern Recognition in Bioinformatics

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540374469
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Pattern Recognition in Bioinformatics by : Jagath C. Rajapakse

Download or read book Pattern Recognition in Bioinformatics written by Jagath C. Rajapakse and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-10 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Bioinformatics, PRIB 2006, held in Hong Kong, within the scope of the 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2006. The book presents 19 revised full papers, covering all topics of the creation and maintenance of biological databases, and the discovery of knowledge from life sciences data. Includes an introduction to Pattern Recognition in Bioinformatics.

Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Guide

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Guide by : Manish Soni

Download or read book Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Guide written by Manish Soni and published by . This book was released on 2024-11-17 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Guide," a book meticulously designed to cater to the needs of learners at various stages of their journey into the fascinating world of deep learning. Whether you are a beginner embarking on your first exploration into artificial intelligence or a seasoned professional looking to deepen your expertise, this book aims to be your trusted companion.

Combinatorial Problems in Graph Theory

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Publisher : N.B. Singh
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Combinatorial Problems in Graph Theory by : N.B. Singh

Download or read book Combinatorial Problems in Graph Theory written by N.B. Singh and published by N.B. Singh. This book was released on with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Combinatorial Problems in Graph Theory" offers a comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of graph theory for beginners. Exploring the fascinating world of graphs, this book covers essential concepts, from basic definitions to advanced applications across diverse fields such as computer science, optimization, and social networks. With clear explanations, practical examples, and engaging problems, it equips readers with the foundational knowledge needed to understand and solve combinatorial problems using graph theory. Ideal for students and enthusiasts alike, this book serves as an accessible entry point into this essential branch of mathematics.

Converging Pharmacy Science and Engineering in Computational Drug Discovery

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Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (693 download)

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Book Synopsis Converging Pharmacy Science and Engineering in Computational Drug Discovery by : Tripathi, Rati Kailash Prasad

Download or read book Converging Pharmacy Science and Engineering in Computational Drug Discovery written by Tripathi, Rati Kailash Prasad and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2024-04-22 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world of pharmaceutical research is moving at lightning speed, and the age-old approach to drug discovery faces many challenges. It's a fascinating time to be on the cutting edge of medical innovation, but it's certainly not without its obstacles. The process of developing new drugs is often time-consuming, expensive, and fraught with uncertainty. Researchers are constantly seeking ways to streamline this process, reduce costs, and increase the success rate of bringing new drugs to market. One promising solution lies in the convergence of pharmacy science and engineering, particularly in computational drug discovery. Converging Pharmacy Science and Engineering in Computational Drug Discovery presents a comprehensive solution to these challenges by exploring the transformative synergy between pharmacy science and engineering. This book demonstrates how researchers can expedite the identification and development of novel therapeutic compounds by harnessing the power of computational approaches, such as sophisticated algorithms and modeling techniques. Through interdisciplinary collaboration, pharmacy scientists and engineers can revolutionize drug discovery, paving the way for more efficient and effective treatments. This book is an invaluable resource for pharmaceutical scientists, researchers, and engineers seeking to enhance their understanding of computational drug discovery. This book inspires future innovations by showcasing cutting-edge methodologies and innovative research at the intersection of pharmacy science and engineering. It contributes to the ongoing evolution of pharmaceutical research. It offers practical insights and solutions that will shape the future of drug discovery, making it essential reading for anyone involved in the pharmaceutical industry.

Pattern Recognition in Bioinformatics

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540884343
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Pattern Recognition in Bioinformatics by : Madhu Chetty

Download or read book Pattern Recognition in Bioinformatics written by Madhu Chetty and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-29 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the post-genomic era, a holistic understanding of biological systems and p- cesses,inalltheircomplexity,is criticalincomprehendingnature’schoreography of life. As a result, bioinformatics involving its two main disciplines, namely, the life sciences and the computational sciences, is fast becoming a very promising multidisciplinary research ?eld. With the ever-increasing application of lar- scalehigh-throughputtechnologies,suchasgeneorproteinmicroarraysandmass spectrometry methods, the enormous body of information is growing rapidly. Bioinformaticians are posed with a large number of di?cult problems to solve, arising not only due to the complexities in acquiring the molecular infor- tion but also due to the size and nature of the generated data sets and/or the limitations of the algorithms required for analyzing these data. Although the ?eld of bioinformatics is still in its embryonic stage, the recent advancements in computational and information-theoretic techniques are enabling us to c- ductvariousinsilicotestingandscreeningofmanylab-basedexperimentsbefore these are actually performed in vitro or in vivo. These in silico investigations are providing new insights for interpretation and establishing a new direction for a deeper understanding. Among the various advanced computational methods currently being applied to such studies, the pattern recognition techniques are mostly found to be at the core of the whole discovery process for apprehending the underlying biological knowledge. Thus, we can safely surmise that the - going bioinformatics revolution may, in future, inevitably play a major role in many aspects of medical practice and/or the discipline of life sciences.

Computational Methods in Molecular Biology

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080860931
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Computational Methods in Molecular Biology by : S.L. Salzberg

Download or read book Computational Methods in Molecular Biology written by S.L. Salzberg and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-06-19 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational biology is a rapidly expanding field, and the number and variety of computational methods used for DNA and protein sequence analysis is growing every day. These algorithms are extremely valuable to biotechnology companies and to researchers and teachers in universities. This book explains the latest computer technology for analyzing DNA, RNA, and protein sequences. Clear and easy to follow, designed specifically for the non-computer scientist, it will help biologists make better choices on which algorithm to use. New techniques and demonstrations are elucidated, as are state-of-the-art problems, and more advanced material on the latest algorithms. The primary audience for this volume are molecular biologists working either in biotechnology companies or academic research environments, individual researchers and the institutions they work for, and students. Any biologist who relies on computers should want this book. A secondary audience will be computer scientists developing techniques with applications in biology. An excellent reference for leading techniques, it will also help introduce computer scientists to the biology problems. This is an outstanding work which will be ideal for the increasing number of scientists moving into computational biology.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540770461
Total Pages : 693 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence by : Ashish Ghosh

Download or read book Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence written by Ashish Ghosh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-11-28 with total page 693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence, PReMI 2007, held in Kolkata, India in December 2007. The papers are organized in topical sections on pattern recognition, image analysis, soft computing and applications, data mining and knowledge discovery, bioinformatics, signal and speech processing, document analysis and text mining, biometrics, and video analysis.

Bioinformatics for Plant Research and Crop Breeding

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1394209932
Total Pages : 612 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (942 download)

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Book Synopsis Bioinformatics for Plant Research and Crop Breeding by : Jen-Tsung Chen

Download or read book Bioinformatics for Plant Research and Crop Breeding written by Jen-Tsung Chen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-10-28 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore and advance bioinformatics and systems biology tools for crop breeding programs in this practical resource for researchers Plant biology and crop breeding have produced an immense amount of data in recent years, from genomics to interactome and beyond. Bioinformatics tools, which aim at analyzing the vast quantities of data produced by biological research and processes, have developed at a rapid pace to meet the challenges of this vast data trove. The resulting field of bioinformatics and systems biology is producing increasingly rich and transformative research. Bioinformatics for Plant Research and Crop Breeding offers an overview of this field, its recent advances, and its wider applications. Drawing on a range of analytical and data-science tools, its foundation on an in-silico platform acquired multi-omics makes it indispensable for scientists and researchers alike. It promises to become ever more relevant as new techniques for generating and organizing data continue to transform the field. Bioinformatics for Plant Research and Crop Breeding readers will also find: A focus on emerging trends in plant science, sustainable agriculture, and global food security Detailed discussion of topics including plant diversity, plant stresses, nanotechnology in agriculture, and many others Applications incorporating artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning and more Bioinformatics for Plant Research and Crop Breeding is ideal for researchers and scientists interested in the potential of OMICs, and bioinformatic tools to aid and develop crop improvement programs.

Beyond the Molecular Frontier

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309168392
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond the Molecular Frontier by : National Research Council

Download or read book Beyond the Molecular Frontier written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-03-19 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemistry and chemical engineering have changed significantly in the last decade. They have broadened their scopeâ€"into biology, nanotechnology, materials science, computation, and advanced methods of process systems engineering and controlâ€"so much that the programs in most chemistry and chemical engineering departments now barely resemble the classical notion of chemistry. Beyond the Molecular Frontier brings together research, discovery, and invention across the entire spectrum of the chemical sciencesâ€"from fundamental, molecular-level chemistry to large-scale chemical processing technology. This reflects the way the field has evolved, the synergy at universities between research and education in chemistry and chemical engineering, and the way chemists and chemical engineers work together in industry. The astonishing developments in science and engineering during the 20th century have made it possible to dream of new goals that might previously have been considered unthinkable. This book identifies the key opportunities and challenges for the chemical sciences, from basic research to societal needs and from terrorism defense to environmental protection, and it looks at the ways in which chemists and chemical engineers can work together to contribute to an improved future.

Comparative Gene Finding

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1849961042
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (499 download)

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Book Synopsis Comparative Gene Finding by : Marina Axelson-Fisk

Download or read book Comparative Gene Finding written by Marina Axelson-Fisk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-30 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comparative genomics is a new and emerging ?eld, and with the explosion of ava- able biological sequences the requests for faster, more ef?cient and more robust algorithms to analyze all this data are immense. This book is meant to serve as a self-contained instruction of the state-of-the-art of computational gene ?nding in general and of comparative approaches in particular. It is meant as an overview of the various methods that have been applied in the ?eld, and a quick introduction into how computational gene ?nders are built in general. A beginner to the ?eld could use this book as a guide through to the main points to think about when constructing a gene ?nder, and the main algorithms that are in use. On the other hand, the more experienced gene ?nder should be able to use this book as a reference to different methods and to the main components incorporated in these methods. I have focused on the main uses of the covered methods and avoided much of the technical details and general extensions of the models. In exchange I have tried to supply references to more detailed accounts of the different research areas touched upon. The book, however, makes no claim on being comprehensive.

AI Heals Colds

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Author :
Publisher : tredition
ISBN 13 : 3384402340
Total Pages : 111 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (844 download)

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Book Synopsis AI Heals Colds by : Azhar ul Haque Sario

Download or read book AI Heals Colds written by Azhar ul Haque Sario and published by tredition. This book was released on 2024-10-29 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the groundbreaking book, "AI Heals Colds: AI Revolutionizes Healthcare," we journey into the innovative intersection of artificial intelligence and healthcare, particularly focusing on the common cold. This comprehensive guide explores the profound impacts of AI-driven methodologies on the development, efficacy, and distribution of over-the-counter (OTC) cold medications. From the initial stages of molecular docking and virtual screening to the personalized patient education and empowerment, the book reveals how AI is not just a tool but a transformative force reshaping every facet of cold medication management. The book begins by highlighting how AI technologies such as deep learning and evolutionary algorithms are revolutionizing the discovery and optimization of antiviral drugs. It discusses the use of AI in predicting viral resistance and enhancing the prediction of antiviral efficacy with unprecedented speed and accuracy. As the narrative progresses, the focus shifts to symptom management, where AI models like Bayesian networks and recurrent neural networks provide insights into the severity and duration of symptoms, enhancing patient care through precision medicine. Safety and tolerability are also crucial, and here, AI's role in predicting adverse reactions and interactions is detailed, emphasizing its potential to mitigate risks even before clinical trials. Speaking of trials, the book delves into how AI is used to predict outcomes and streamline processes, making trials more efficient and less costly. The text does not shy away from the challenges and limitations of integrating AI into healthcare, providing a balanced view that adds depth to the reader's understanding. It also casts a visionary look towards the future, suggesting how ongoing advancements in AI might continue to innovate the field, making treatments more effective and personalized. "AI Heals Colds" serves as a vital resource for healthcare professionals, researchers, and anyone interested in the future of healthcare technology. It offers not just a glimpse of what is possible today but a blueprint for the future where AI and healthcare evolve in tandem to tackle challenges head-on, making healthcare more responsive, effective, and personalized.

Pattern Recognition in Bioinformatics

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642341233
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Pattern Recognition in Bioinformatics by : Tetsuo Shibuya

Download or read book Pattern Recognition in Bioinformatics written by Tetsuo Shibuya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-11-04 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Pattern Recognition in Bioinformatics, PRIB 2012, held in Tokyo, Japan, in November 2012. The 24 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 33 submissions. Their topics are widely ranging from fundamental techniques, sequence analysis to biological network analysis. The papers are organized in topical sections on generic methods, visualization, image analysis, and platforms, applications of pattern recognition techniques, protein structure and docking, complex data analysis, and sequence analysis.

Handbook of Human Molecular Evolution, 2 Volume Set

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Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 936 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Human Molecular Evolution, 2 Volume Set by : David N. Cooper

Download or read book Handbook of Human Molecular Evolution, 2 Volume Set written by David N. Cooper and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2008-10-13 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This splendid compendium ... will be the standard reference work for years to come: a handbook to browse, to consult, to look things up in, and to read with pleasure, wonder and post-Darwinian exhilaration." —Richard Dawkins "This is a marvellous book… It should be in every university library - preferably in several copies - and every reader of this journal should add it to their next grant application. It really is that good... I have already found this book to be invaluable… For many years to come, these two volumes will be the starting point for anyone wishing to find out about virtually any subject relating to human genetics… Any scientist working on humans or other animals will find many things in these pages that will stimulate, inform and inspire. The authors, editors and publishers are to be congratulated for their work… order a copy now!" —HUMAN GENETICS "The publishers and editors deserve to be congratulated for publishing this major book which coincides with the 200th anniversary of the birth of Charles Darwin. The book is well-timed, with biologists, theologians and sociologists engaged in intense debate on the Darwinian Theory on the origin of species, evolution and natural selection… There is little doubt that this marvellous publication should be in the library of universities and academic institutions dealing with basic and applied biology research and education… It will not be surprising if the individual academic or researcher decides to invest in this resource and enrich their personal collection of leading books in genetics and genomics." —GENOMIC MEDICINE A Unique Collection of High-Quality Articles – Derived from the Acclaimed Encyclopedia of Life Sciences The revolution in human molecular genetics which has taken place over the last three decades has yielded a wealth of information not only on the structure and function of our genes, but also on gene expression, mutation and polymorphic variation. Over the last five years, the focus has moved from genes to genomes. Even though the annotation of our ~30,000 genes is still in progress, genome-wide studies have already yielded abundant evidence for the signatures of past selection and adaptive evolution within human gene sequences. Further, the completion of the sequencing of the 3 billion base-pair human genome, coupled with the increasing availability of other vertebrate genome sequences, has ushered in a new era of comparative genomics. We are now able to identify many of the molecular events (from the chromosomal level down to the single base-pair) that have occurred during vertebrate, mammalian, primate and hominid evolution. Indeed, the detailed comparison of the human and chimpanzee genomes has begun to reveal some of the genetic changes that have been involved in the development of human lineage-specific traits. We are thus acquiring the ability to ask searching questions about our origins, about the demographic processes associated with the global radiation of humankind, as well as some of the unique adaptations that make us human. Evolutionary biology has become so broad that its impact may be felt across the spectrum of the biological sciences. The aim of the Handbook of Human Molecular Evolution is relatively straightforward: to bring together under the same cover the many and varied strands of our knowledge of human/primate/vertebrate molecular evolution. Hence, the 282 chapters that comprise this essential reference work have been thematically arranged into twelve sections, covering the whole scope of research into human molecular evolution: General Concepts in Evolutionary Genetics Mutation, Adaptation and Natural Selection Evolutionary and Population Genetics Human Evolution Human Genome Evolution Evolution of Human Gene Structure and Function Evolution of Gene Expression Mitochondrial Genome Evolution Chromosomal Evolution Comparative Genomics Evolution and Disease Susceptibility Analysis of Ancient DNA This conceptual outline informed the selection of the chapters themselves and the connections between them. Some of these chapters are intended to be introductory, aimed at undergraduates and non-specialists. They provide basic information and a list of recommended further reading to encourage the reader to explore a topic in more depth. This approach helps the student reader progress from textbook material to primary literature. Some chapters are overviews that address topics of broad interest and importance, while others focus on quite specialized topics. These chapters are written for postgraduate students and research workers; they contain more detailed information and key references allowing the reader to investigate a specific area in more depth. This format allows professionals to use the books as a quick reference source. The chapters are richly supplied with website information to allow access to relevant data sources over the internet. The self-contained, peer-reviewed articles in this unique handbook have been written by leading scientists in each field. Key topics include the evolution of enzyme function, the use of nucleic acid divergence as a "molecular clock", the origin of non-functional or junk DNA, the role of gene duplication in the emergence of novel gene function and the identification of molecular changes responsible for various human characteristics especially those pertaining to infection, cognition, disease and disease susceptibility. The Handbook of Human Molecular Evolution has adopted an integrated approach to the study of human evolution and seeks throughout to emphasize the interplay between molecular genetic concepts and principles on the one hand, and information acquisition and interpretation on the other. In this way, it is hoped that the ‘documents of evolutionary history’ written into the fabric of our genome, will become accessible to the widest possible audience.