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Ultrasound Energy And Data Transfer For Medical Implants
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Book Synopsis Ultrasound Energy and Data Transfer for Medical Implants by : Francesco Mazzilli
Download or read book Ultrasound Energy and Data Transfer for Medical Implants written by Francesco Mazzilli and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-02 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents new systems and circuits for implantable biomedical applications, using a non-conventional way to transmit energy and data via ultrasound. The authors discuses the main constrains (e.g. implant size, battery recharge time, data rate, accuracy of the acoustic models) from the definition of the ultrasound system specification to the in-vitro validation.The system described meets the safety requirements for ultrasound exposure limits in diagnostic ultrasound applications, according to FDA regulations. Readers will see how the novel design of power management architecture will meet the constraints set by FDA regulations for maximum energy exposure in the human body. Coverage also includes the choice of the acoustic transducer, driven by optimum positioning and size of the implanted medical device. Throughout the book, links between physics, electronics and medical aspects are covered to give a complete view of the ultrasound system described. Provides a complete, system-level perspective on the use of ultrasound as energy source for medical implants; Discusses system design concerns regarding wireless power transmission and wireless data communication, particularly for a system in which both are performed on the same channel/frequency; Describes an experimental study on implantable battery powered biomedical systems; Presents a fully-integrated, implantable system and hermetically sealed packaging.
Book Synopsis An Ultrasound System for Wireless Energy Transfer and Communication Dedicated to Implanted Medical Devices by : Francesco Mazzilli
Download or read book An Ultrasound System for Wireless Energy Transfer and Communication Dedicated to Implanted Medical Devices written by Francesco Mazzilli and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Innovative Implantable and Wearable Medical Devices Enabled by Ultrasonic Power Transfer and Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting by : Miao Meng
Download or read book Innovative Implantable and Wearable Medical Devices Enabled by Ultrasonic Power Transfer and Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting written by Miao Meng and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the research work enclosed in this dissertation is to develop high-performance wireless power and data transfer technologies as well as energy harvesting techniques for implantable and wearable medical devices. The first part of the research work focuses on developing wireless power transmission (WPT) to and communication with millimeter (mm)-sized implantable medical devices (IMDs). Ultrasonic and inductive techniques are developed to achieve high power transfer efficiency (PTE) and low-power pulse-based communication. The second part is to implement an ultrasonic wireless link in a real-world application of ultrasonically interrogated distributed system for gastric slow-wave (SW) recording. The third part is to develop a power management integrated circuit (PMIC) for piezoelectric energy harvesting in next generation self-powered wearables. Wireless power and data transmission techniques have been proven to be promising solutions for IMDs considering size, weight and lifetime limitations, such as bioelectronic medicines, biosensors, and neural recording/stimulation systems. Ultrasonic links utilizing piezoelectric transducers have shown advantages over other techniques in miniaturizing the IMDs which can greatly reduce the invasiveness and increase the longevity of the IMDs while maintaining high efficiency, especially for applications requiring deep implantation. Ultrasonic wireless links can be used in many applications. In this dissertation, an ultrasonically interrogated (power/data) distributed system (Gastric Seed) is proposed for large-scale gastric SW recording. Efficient ultrasonic power links and low-power pulse-based data communication are developed. A Gastric Seed chip is developed with emphasis on self-regulated power management and addressable pulse-based data communication. The self-regulated power management can perform rectification, regulation, and over-voltage protection in one step using only one off-chip capacitor which significantly reduces the size of the Gastric Seeds. The addressable pulse-based data communication is proposed and implemented as a proof-of-concept distributed Gastric Seeds. The pulse-based data communication consumes ultra-low power of 440 pJ/bit.Energy harvesting has become more attractive for self-powered wearables that can enable vigilant health monitoring with 24/7 operation. Piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) can be excited by mechanical vibrations to convert mechanical energy into usable electrical power. PEH is in favor because of high power density and scalability. This outlines the need for an efficient energy-harvesting PMIC to extract maximum energy from PEHs that can be used for self-powered wearables.This dissertation summarizes the contributions in research areas of ultrasonic power and data communication links and energy harvesting PMIC for PEHs. The contributions include 1) development of the theory and proposing the design methodology to optimize the PTE of ultrasonic links involving mm-sized receivers (Rx), 2) design, development, and validation of a hybrid inductive-ultrasonic WPT link for powering mm-sized implants utilizing two cascaded co-optimized inductive and ultrasonic links for WPT through media involving air/bone and tissue, 3) proposing the concept of self-image-guided ultrasonic (SIG-US) interrogation in a distributed, addressable peripheral nerve recording system to ensure high delivered power regardless of the implants movements by automatically tracking the location of the implant in real time, 4) development of a mm-sized Gastric Seed chip towards a distributed recording system for acquiring gastric SWs at a large scale, and 5) development of an autonomous multi-input reconfigurable power-management chip for optimal energy harvesting from weak multi-axial human motion using a multi-beam PEH.
Book Synopsis Ultrasonic Wireless Power and Data Transmission to Miniaturized Biomedical Implants Using Phased Array by : Zeinab Kashani
Download or read book Ultrasonic Wireless Power and Data Transmission to Miniaturized Biomedical Implants Using Phased Array written by Zeinab Kashani and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This PhD dissertation focuses on developing efficient ultrasonic (US) wireless power and data transfer technologies for biomedical implants with millimeter (mm) dimensions. An ultrasonically interrogated (power/data) system with an external US array for beam focusing and steering through US beamforming is proposed to enable gastric electrical-wave mapping for diagnosing and eventually treating gastrointestinal motility disorders. The dissertation is divided into five parts. In the first part, the theory, design, and characterization of a wireless power transfer (WPT) link using mm-sized receivers (Rx) and a phased array (as external transmitter) are discussed. For given constraints imposed by the application and fabrication, such as the load (RL) and focal/powering distance (F), the optimal geometries of a US phased array and Rx transducer, as well as the optimal operation frequency (fc) are found through an iterative design procedure to maximize the power transfer efficiency (PTE). An optimal figure of merit (FoM) related to the link's PTE is proposed to simplify the US array design. In measurements, a fabricated 16-element array driven by 100 V pulses at an optimal frequency generated a US beam with a pressure output of 0.8 MPa and delivered up to 6 mW to a 1 mm3 Rx with a PTE of 0.14%. In the second part of this dissertation, a comprehensive study of wireless power transmission using a 32-element phased array capable of beam focusing and steering up to 50 mm depth and ±60o angle is provided. The performance of the US WPT link using mm-sized US receivers with different geometries and dimensions, the effect of different types of errors in the delay profile of the beamforming system on the delivered power, and the feasibility and efficacy of implant's localization with pulse-delay measurements with limited number of elements are investigated. The WPT link performance is evaluated based on the delivered power (within FDA safety limits) to mm-sized receivers with different geometries and diameters. In the third part of this dissertation, optimal US pulse transmission is demonstrated that could be used for data transmission to/from millimeter-sized biomedical implants in general or the self-image-guided ultrasonic (SIG-US) WPT. In SIG-US WPT, short pulses are transmitted by the implant periodically. The relative delays in the received signal by each external transducer in an array are then used to guide the beamformer for optimal steering of the power beam towards the implant. The effect of number of transmitted pulses on the iv amplitude of the received signal is studied, which is vital for low-power robust transmission. Furthermore, an adaptive application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for closed-loop low-power (and robust) US pulse-based data transmission is presented. The number of transmitted US pulses is changed based on the received voltage at the external unit in the closed-loop system to improve robustness and minimize the power consumption of the data transmitter. The ASIC, designed and fabricated in a 0.35[mu]m standard CMOS process, includes power management, controller/pulse driver, and envelope detector units. The fourth part of this dissertation includes ASIC design for low-frequency, low-power, and low-noise amplifiers that will be used to record gastric slow-wave signals. Simulation results and some limited measurement results are provided. The fifth part of this dissertation includes measurement results for a dual-mode ultrasonic- magnetic approach for wireless power transmission and energy harvesting. This dual-mode approach has the potential to solve the problem of power reduction when implant is rotating and to deliver high power within FDA safety limit using two different modalities. The future steps for circuit/system design, development, and testing are outlined. This dissertation represents an important step towards an implantable fully wireless gastric system, interrogated with a dual-mode ultrasonic-magnetic link for wireless power/data transfer, which can have a broad impact in the fields of health monitoring, diagnosis, and therapy.
Book Synopsis Design and Characterization of Wireless Implant Systems with Ultrasonic Power and Data Links by : Ting Chia Chang
Download or read book Design and Characterization of Wireless Implant Systems with Ultrasonic Power and Data Links written by Ting Chia Chang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Implantable medical devices (IMDs) provide precise physiological monitoring and effective treatment by directly interfacing with specific organs and pathways. Current implants generally use large batteries for power and long wires to reach locations of interest, which makes them bulky and invasive; as a result, they are typically reserved for last resort treatments only. Miniaturization of IMDs down to millimeter-sized or smaller can mitigate undesirable immune response and operate in deep tissue for more targeted treatments. In addition, many of the medical applications of these implant systems, like neuromodulation can benefit from wireless data communication and networking capability for adaptive therapy and further improve treatment efficacy in a closed-loop fashion. To address these challenges and enable next-generation miniaturized wireless implant systems, we utilize ultrasound (US) for wireless power and data communication with a network of implantable devices. US has several advantages for powering and communication to miniaturized IMDs because it offers superior transduction efficiency and energy focusing due to its millimeter (mm) wavelength, low tissue attenuation through the body, and high safety limit which allows more power to be delivered for medical applications demanding more power. To provide design insights and optimize the performance of wireless implant systems using US, we present an analytical framework for optimizing end-to-end US link efficiency from transmitters to receivers to enable IMDs scaled down to mm or sub-mm dimensions. Key design objectives and trade-offs are considered for various parameters including the operating frequency, the transmission depth, the size of the transmitter, the impedance and the aperture efficiency of the miniaturized receiver, and the interface between the receiver and the power recovery chain on the implant. The design considerations and modeling for miniaturized US receivers using piezoelectric materials are then examined to obtain efficient scaled receivers. With the understanding of optimizing link performance, a mm-sized proof-of-concept implant for simultaneous US wireless power and bi-directional communication is designed and discussed. The fully packaged implant measures just 2.6 x 6.5 x 1.8 mm3, and it is the first such mm-sized implant that is able to operate with more than 6 cm in tissue. Finally, the system functionality and the networking aspect of the wireless implant systems are demonstrated at a large depth of more than 6 cm in tissue or tissue phantom with the customized US transmitter array.
Book Synopsis Design of Robust Closed-loop Ultrasonic Implant Systems by : Max Li-Hua Wang
Download or read book Design of Robust Closed-loop Ultrasonic Implant Systems written by Max Li-Hua Wang and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Implantable medical devices for physiological monitoring and therapeutics are important tools for treating chronic diseases and restoring impaired body functions. Recent advances in wireless power and data transfer have driven the development of smaller, minimally invasive implants with real-time connectivity and new capabilities. In particular, ultrasound wireless power and communication has been successfully used for many proof-of-concept single implant sensors and stimulators. Next-generation therapies will need to precisely coordinate multiple implants combining sensing, stimulating, and processing to enable applications like bioelectronic medicine and brain-machine interfaces. In order for ultrasonic implant systems to support these applications, they will require more robust and scalable power and data transfer as well as closed-loop functionality to operate reliably in the body. In this work, we present approaches for building each aspect of a robust ultrasonic implant system. First, we discuss how to increase ultrasonic communication data rates using line-of-sight MIMO techniques. By taking advantage of the spatial degree of freedom, we show how to potentially scale the channel capacity with the number of implants. Using this concept, we demonstrate a 2x2 communication link with double the data rate of a conventional ultrasound link. Next, we propose an implant localization scheme using harmonic backscatter and demonstrate sub-millimeter accuracy. Using this location data with an ultrasound transducer array we can selectively and efficiently beamform power to implants. Finally, we describe the design of a closed-loop implantable drug delivery system, combining an electrochemical drug release mechanism with a custom CMOS chip. The implant includes power sensing and combining for more reliable power transfer as well as a potentiostat with a ±1.5 V stimulation range and ±100 uA readout range for programmable drug release. The techniques and systems presented in this work demonstrate how to build an ultrasonic implant platform for next-generation closed-loop medical applications.
Book Synopsis Ultrasonic Wireless Links for Next-generation Miniaturized Implantable Sensors by : Marcus Joseph Weber
Download or read book Ultrasonic Wireless Links for Next-generation Miniaturized Implantable Sensors written by Marcus Joseph Weber and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today's implantable medical devices rely on bulky batteries for energy supply, requiring invasive implant procedures, which limits their use to only last-resort therapies. New applications of implantable devices are being proposed, such as: peripheral nerve stimulation for treating chronic pain and inflammatory disease, optogenetic stimulation for mapping of neural pathways, and even sensing applications of neural potential, pressure, and temperature monitoring. To realize these new applications, and to achieve widespread use of implantable device therapy, a new energy paradigm must be designed to replace the batteries and allow for extreme implant miniaturization for minimally invasive implant procedures. Extreme implant miniaturization is especially critical for developing sensors for continuous monitoring, due to a higher threshold for implantation. Towards this goal, we propose ultrasound for efficient power transfer to deeply implanted and miniaturized implantable devices, and demonstrate ultrasonic link utility with design of an implantable pressure sensor and optogenetic stimulator. A comprehensive analysis and methodology is presented for designing ultrasonic receivers for efficient powering of miniaturized implantable medical devices. Key ultrasonic receiver efficiencies, resonance characteristics, and the inductive band are defined, and a theoretical model is presented for first-order design insights. Methods are described to accurately characterize the ultrasonic receiver impedance and acoustic-to-electrical aperture efficiency. Ultrasonic receivers are shown to achieve favorable source resistances from kOhm to 100's of kOhm, for matching to typical implant loads, and high aperture efficiencies of 40-90%. An iterative design methodology, using the theoretical model and impedance measurements is demonstrated for an example ultrasonic receiver design. An ultrasonically powered, millimeter-sized implantable device is proposed for future optogenetic peripheral nerve stimulation in large animal models. Through system level analysis, the effective impedance match between the ultrasonic receiver and implant electronics is shown as the dominant component of the power recovery efficiency. We present a numerically solved time-domain impedance match analysis of the non-linear power electronics to derive the optimal ultrasonic receiver impedance, and the design of the ultrasonic receiver is shown to meet this specification. The implantable stimulator is characterized through both electrical and optical measurements, demonstrating high peak optical intensities of 1-15 mW/mm2 with safe levels of ultrasonic power. Finally, a high-precision implantable pressure sensor with ultrasonic power-up and data uplink is presented for applications in continuous pressure monitoring. The fully integrated implant measures 1.7 mm x 2.3 mm x 7.8 mm and includes a custom IC, a pressure transducer, an energy storage capacitor, and an ultrasonic transducer. In order to reduce overall dimensions, unique circuit and system design techniques are presented to enable a single time-multiplexed ultrasonic transducer for both power recovery and data uplink transmission. Implant performance is characterized at significant depths, 12 cm in a tissue phantom, offering a > 13x improvement over the state of the art in the depth/volume figure of merit, while demonstrating a robust ultrasonic data uplink with better than 1e-5 bit error rate. A transient charging analysis is presented to derive the optimal ultrasonic receiver impedance and charging specifications to maximize overall harvesting efficiency. The IC features a front-end with a 10-bit SAR ADC, achieving a pressure full-scale range of 800 mmHg with a pressure resolution of 0.78 mmHg, exceeding the requirements for a wide range of pressure sensing applications, while accounting for various nonidealities. The pressure sampling rate is fully externally controlled, up to 1 ksps, in order to significantly decrease implant energy consumption and to allow for adaptable programming for specific applications. The implantable sensor is packaged in biocompatible materials and wirelessly characterized in a custom-built pressure chamber, and in situ, using sheep tissue.
Book Synopsis Ultrasound for Medical Therapy Devices by : Thomas Lekscha
Download or read book Ultrasound for Medical Therapy Devices written by Thomas Lekscha and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Essay from the year 2010 in the subject Medicine - Biomedical Engineering, language: English, abstract: The ultrasonic therapy appertains to the procedures of the Physical Therapy. It is a part of mechanical therapy, because ultrasound consists of acoustic waves (longitudinal, wavelike spreading of smallest pressure variations of a medium as for example air or liquids) with a high frequency. In addition the ultrasonic therapy can be used as thermotherapy. The ultrasonic therapy is also, in the widest sense, a form of the electrotherapy. This justifies itself, because the ultrasound is being obtained from electric energy. The therapy form is used particularly with chronically degenerative illnesses of the human movement apparatus. This abstract shall give a basic overview of the ultrasound and of the transfer chain; from the ultrasound to the human skin.
Book Synopsis Ultrasound for medical therapy devices by : Thomas Lekscha
Download or read book Ultrasound for medical therapy devices written by Thomas Lekscha and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-11-09 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Essay from the year 2010 in the subject Medicine - Biomedical Engineering, , language: English, abstract: The ultrasonic therapy appertains to the procedures of the Physical Therapy. It is a part of mechanical therapy, because ultrasound consists of acoustic waves (longitudinal, wavelike spreading of smallest pressure variations of a medium as for example air or liquids) with a high frequency. In addition the ultrasonic therapy can be used as thermotherapy. The ultrasonic therapy is also, in the widest sense, a form of the electrotherapy. This justifies itself, because the ultrasound is being obtained from electric energy. The therapy form is used particularly with chronically degenerative illnesses of the human movement apparatus. This abstract shall give a basic overview of the ultrasound and of the transfer chain; from the ultrasound to the human skin.
Book Synopsis Ultrasonic Energy by : Elizabeth Kelly-Fry
Download or read book Ultrasonic Energy written by Elizabeth Kelly-Fry and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Wireless Power Transfer and Data Communication for Neural Implants by : Gürkan Yilmaz
Download or read book Wireless Power Transfer and Data Communication for Neural Implants written by Gürkan Yilmaz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-01 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents new circuits and systems for implantable biomedical applications targeting neural recording. The authors describe a system design adapted to conform to the requirements of an epilepsy monitoring system. Throughout the book, these requirements are reflected in terms of implant size, power consumption, and data rate. In addition to theoretical background which explains the relevant technical challenges, the authors provide practical, step-by-step solutions to these problems. Readers will gain understanding of the numerical values in such a system, enabling projections for feasibility of new projects.
Book Synopsis Electromagnetic Energy and Data Transfer for Low-power Implantable Biomedical Devices by : Navid Rezaei Sarchoghaei
Download or read book Electromagnetic Energy and Data Transfer for Low-power Implantable Biomedical Devices written by Navid Rezaei Sarchoghaei and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We investigated the problem of constructing a near-field link budget to wirelessly communicate with high data rate (e.g. 3.125 Mbps) implantable circuitry located few centimeters under the skin using spread spectrum technique. Different methods and frequency bands were analyzed to choose the appropriate 2.4-GHz ISM band. The nominal power consumption of the implantable baseband communications circuitry was estimated for smaller technology nodes using the Synopsys CAD tools. The effect of using the ultra low power subthreshold operation in different technology nodes was also analyzed using predictive technology models. By introducing an analysis flow and the corresponding implementation code, we were also able to predict the subthreshold power consumption of the circuitry in different technology nodes and importantly at the gate level.
Book Synopsis Enabling Wireless Low-power Ultrasound Imaging Systems for Implantable and Wearable Applications by : Ahmed Mohamed Naguib Abdelsamea Sawaby
Download or read book Enabling Wireless Low-power Ultrasound Imaging Systems for Implantable and Wearable Applications written by Ahmed Mohamed Naguib Abdelsamea Sawaby and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Therapeutic and diagnostic ultrasound (US) imaging has seen significant growth over the past decades, becoming an essential part of healthcare systems and emergency medicine. Keeping up with current trends, we present the development of two wireless US imaging platforms to expand the capabilities of implantable devices and create new opportunities for clinical and research applications. The first platform introduces deep-tissue cellular-level thermoacoustic (TA) imaging, enabling long-term monitoring and diagnosis of diseases. It features a mm-sized ultrasound receiver array imager, allowing for imaging deep inside the body. The second platform builds upon the first one and integrates a full end-to-end US pulse-echo imaging system with increased US channels, enabling high-resolution anatomical and blood flow imaging. Both platforms utilize ultrasound for power transfer and wireless communication, achieving performance comparable to state-of-the-art imaging systems while maintaining small size and low power consumption. The systems incorporate advanced imaging reconstruction and compression techniques, significantly reducing data volume while maintaining a high imaging rate. This thesis provides a detailed analysis of the developed systems, including the fabricated chips and preliminary testing results, highlighting the motivations, challenges, and potential contributions of this research in advancing the field of implantable US imaging.
Book Synopsis Theory, Design and Implementation of Energy-efficient Biotelemetry Using Ultrasound Imaging by : Sri Harsha Kondapalli
Download or read book Theory, Design and Implementation of Energy-efficient Biotelemetry Using Ultrasound Imaging written by Sri Harsha Kondapalli and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation investigates the fundamental limits of energy dissipation in establishing a communication link with implantable medical devices using ultrasound imaging-based biotelemetry.Ultrasound imaging technology has undergone a revolution during the last decade due to two primary innovations: advances in ultrasonic transducers that can operate over a broad range of frequencies and progresses in high-speed, high-resolution analog-to-digital converters and signal processors. Existing clinical and FDA approved bench-top ultrasound systems cangenerate real-time high-resolution images at frame rates as high as 10000 frames per second. On the other end of the spectrum, portable and hand-held ultrasound systems can generate high-speed real-time scans, widely used for diagnostic imaging in non-clinical environments. This dissertation's fundamental hypothesis is to leverage the massive data acquisition and computational bandwidth afforded on these devices to establish energy-efficient bio-telemetry links with multiple in-vivo implanted devices.In the first part of the dissertation, I investigate using a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) diagnostic ultrasound reader to achieve reliable in-vivo wireless telemetry with millimeter-sized piezoelectric crystal transducers. I propose multi-access biotelemetry methods in which several of these crystals simultaneously transmit the data using conventional modulation and coding schemes. I validated the feasibility of in-vivo operation using two piezoelectric crystals tethered to the tricuspid valve and the skin's surface in a live ovine model. I demonstrated data rates close to 800 Kbps while consuming microwatts of power even in the presence of respiratory and cardiac motion artifacts. In the second part of the dissertation, I investigate the feasibility of energy harvesting from cardiac valvular perturbations to self-power the wireless implantable device. In this study, I explored using piezoelectric sutures implanted in proximity to the valvular regions compared to the previous studies involving piezoelectric patches or encasings attached to the cardiac or aortic surface to exploit nonlinearity in the valvular dynamics and self-power the implanted device. My study shows that power harvested from different annular planes of the tricuspid valve could range from nano-watts to milli-watts.In the final part of this dissertation, I investigate beamforming in B-scan ultrasound imaging to further reduce the biotelemetry energy-budget. In this context, I will study variance-based informatics in which the signal representation takes a form of signal variance instead of the signal mean for encoding and decoding. Using a modeling study, I show that compared to the mean-based logic representation, the variance-based representation can theoretically achieve a superior performance trade-off (in terms of energy dissipation) when operating at fundamental limits imposed by thermal-noise. I will then discuss how to extend variance-based representation to higher signal dimensions. I show that when applying variance-based encoding/decoding to B-scan biotelemetry, the power-dissipation requirements can be reducedto 100 pW even while interrogating from depths greater than 10 cm in a water medium.
Book Synopsis Wireless Power Transfer and Data Communication for Intracranial Neural Recording Applications by : Kerim Türe
Download or read book Wireless Power Transfer and Data Communication for Intracranial Neural Recording Applications written by Kerim Türe and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-04 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes new circuits and systems for implantable wireless neural monitoring systems and explains the design of a batteryless, remotely-powered implantable micro-system, designed for continuous neural monitoring. Following new trends in implantable biomedical applications, the authors demonstrate a system which is capable of efficient remote powering and reliable data communication. Novel architecture and design methodologies are used for low power and small area wireless communication link. Additionally, hermetically sealed packaging and in-vivo validation of the implantable device is presented.
Book Synopsis Ultrasonically Powered Implantable Medical Devices for Neural Stimulation by : Jayant Charthad
Download or read book Ultrasonically Powered Implantable Medical Devices for Neural Stimulation written by Jayant Charthad and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Miniature "electroceuticals" - therapeutic devices that can stimulate the body's nervous system to treat diseases - have the potential to revolutionize medicine. In particular, implantable medical devices (IMDs) for peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) have shown great promise for the treatment of an array of conditions such as chronic pain, inflammatory diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), metabolic diseases (e.g., diabetes), digestive disorders (e.g., gastroesophageal reflux disease) and overactive bladder. However, existing PNS IMDs are bulky, invasive and have several other limitations due to the use of batteries and wired interfaces. Miniaturization of these devices to millimeter dimensions is essential for overcoming these limitations and necessitates wireless power and data transfer. While there have been several efforts at miniaturizing wireless PNS IMDs in the past decades, there is a major unmet need for a PNS IMD that is not only miniaturized to millimeter dimensions, but also includes all complex functions required for nerve stimulation and can operate wirelessly at large tissue depths (> 10 cm). Maximizing the ratio of tissue depth to IMD volume (depth-to-volume ratio), is a fundamental challenge for wirelessly powered IMDs. Complex functions for PNS include precise or programmable stimulation of the nerve, robust wireless data links between an external device and the IMD, and biocompatible packaging of the IMD. The focus of this research was on addressing these challenges and, thereby, solving one of the major unmet needs in the field of electroceuticals. We first present a comprehensive system-level analysis of a wireless power transfer system to understand fundamental trade-offs, and derive design insights, for the far-field powering of mm-sized devices. Using these insights, we motivate the promise of ultrasound (US) for powering next-generation IMDs and demonstrate the first proof-of-concept mm-sized IMD based on US power transfer and a hybrid bi-directional data link. This IMD has final dimensions of 2.4 mm x 4 mm x 7.8 mm and was demonstrated to operate at a tissue depth of 3 cm, while achieving a maximum DC load power of 100 uW at just ~5% of the FDA diagnostic ultrasound intensity limit. The US-powered IMD platform was further enhanced to include all complex functions required for PNS, and to enable IMD operation at tissue depths greater than 10 cm. Key design techniques developed in this work include co-design of the US receiver and power recovery circuits for enabling stimulation with a high compliance voltage, design of a robust US data downlink to precisely program stimulation parameters, and charge balance for safe stimulation. The PNS IMD was integrated into final dimensions of 2 mm x 3 mm x 6.5 mm (39 mm3, 78 mg), and achieved a depth-to-volume ratio > 10x that of state-of-the-art devices. Finally, we discuss biocompatible packaging and in vivo experiments of the PNS IMD, thus, demonstrating complete validation of its functionality. Through this research, we demonstrate that US has significant advantages for powering miniature PNS IMDs at large tissue depths. System and circuit design techniques presented in this thesis are expected to play a role in bringing miniature electroceuticals into mainstream medicine in the future.
Book Synopsis Integrated Wirelessly Powered Solutions for Medical Implants and Internet of Things by : Hamed Rahmani
Download or read book Integrated Wirelessly Powered Solutions for Medical Implants and Internet of Things written by Hamed Rahmani and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wireless system-on-chip devices are emerging as the most promising solution for future wireless sensing with applications in medical implants and the Internet of Things (IoT). On one side, energy extraction from ambient sources facilitates permanent powering techniques required for long-term operation. On the other side, the high integration capability of commercial CMOS technology opens the opportunity for high-resolution sensing and data communication with a compact form-factor. In this dissertation, My research builds a foundation for joint wireless power delivery, low-power sensing, and wireless communication in such highly integrated systems yielding a paradigm shift in the design and development of future ubiquitous low-power wireless systems. This thesis presents the design, implementation, and experimental evaluation of integrated wirelessly powered solutions for next-generation medical implants and IoT devices. To this end, First, I leverage the high integration capabilities of CMOS technology and try to develop integrated systems for power delivery, environmental sensing, and wireless data communication. The small power budget available for an integrated solution severely limits its functionality and operating range. Hence, individual wirelessly powered solutions may not be able to satisfy the application requirements of future medical implants and IoT devices. To address this problem, I leverage another important feature of a commercial CMOS technology that is the low fabrication cost. I show how complex tasks such as localization and be realized using a swarm of millimeter-sized integrated chips. In this dissertation, I introduce the challenges of wireless power transmission to fully integrated systems on CMOS technology and present two types of RF power receiver systems for near-field and far-field electromagnetic region. I propose a comprehensive optimization algorithm for maximizing the power transfer efficiency and choosing the optimum frequency for wireless power transmission. Next, I present the world's most power-efficient wireless transceiver with an integrated wireless power delivery system. I demonstrate a fully on-chip operation and utilize two sets of loop and dipole antenna for wireless power delivery and data communication, respectively. I will explain how we achieve a 150 Mbps uplink communication data rate under a stringent power budget by introducing a power management technique. I will then, discuss the opportunities offered by this platform to enhance next-generation IoT and medical devices. In particular, we tackle the limited operating range by forming a synchronized distributed sensor network built from fully on-chip integrated systems. Also, we address the power scarcity challenges in biomedical/environmental sensing by adopting extensive low-power design techniques. This interdisciplinary research direction incorporates advancements such as applied physics, machine learning, healthcare, and wireless networking.
