Turkey's Electoral Geography

Download Turkey's Electoral Geography PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000351289
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Turkey's Electoral Geography by : Edip Asaf Bekaroğlu

Download or read book Turkey's Electoral Geography written by Edip Asaf Bekaroğlu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzing Turkey’s electoral geography, this volume evaluates the geographical repercussions of the elections in Turkey since the establishment of multiparty politics in 1950. The book focuses on the last two decades, examining the interaction between electoral behavior and regional dynamics. Various issues related to the geographical connotations of Turkish electoral politics are qualitatively and quantitatively addressed by scholars with diverse backgrounds in social sciences. The chapters herein examine how Turkey’s electoral geography has been shaped over the years to correspond with a certain aspect of multiparty politics, such as voting behaviors, political parties and party systems, nationalization and regionalization, redistricting, gender issues, identity dynamics, or ideological polarization. This comprehensive work contributes to the theoretical debates in electoral geography in general. Utilizing notions from electoral geography literature, this book develops new concepts through the Turkish case. Filling an important gap in the literature on Turkish politics, this contemporary analysis will be a key resource to policymakers, students, and scholars interested in political science, Turkey, and the Middle East.

Turkey's New Political Landscape

Download Turkey's New Political Landscape PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (823 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Turkey's New Political Landscape by :

Download or read book Turkey's New Political Landscape written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On June 12, 2011, Turkey's Justice and Development Party (AKP) won the country's parliamentary elections for the third consecutive time since 2002, receiving 49.9% of the overall vote. To fully understand the election results, however, one must study them on a more detailed level. In particular, analyzing the vote from a provincial perspective offers a more complete picture of the new demographic and social factors shaping the Turkish electoral landscape. Toward that end, this study dissects and maps the support bases of the country's leading parties in order to illuminate past trends and forecast potential near-term political developments. After breaking down each party's national results from June and defining six regions that make up Turkey's electoral geography, the paper analyzes the parties' popular backing in various parts of the country, determining where their local support was higher or lower than their national tally. The paper also describes how voting results in certain regions indicate the emergence of distinct two-party systems, with the AKP and a given opposition faction receiving more than 75% of the vote in each area. In particular, continued migration to Turkey's largest metropolitan areas and coastal provinces, where a two-party system along the AKP vs. CH P axis seems to be emerging, means that this dualism will likely assume a greater role in the country's political system and shape the outcome of future elections.

Politics, Parties, and Elections in Turkey

Download Politics, Parties, and Elections in Turkey PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lynne Rienner Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781588260222
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Politics, Parties, and Elections in Turkey by : Sabri Sayari

Download or read book Politics, Parties, and Elections in Turkey written by Sabri Sayari and published by Lynne Rienner Publishers. This book was released on 2002 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Turkish party system has undergone significant changes since the 1940s, moving from a two-party system to one encompassing nineteen parties - and resulting in a highly fragmented parliament. The contributors to this volume assess the intertwined effects of party fragmentation and voter volatility in Turkey. Presenting a wealth of data, they illuminate the trajectory of democratic consolidation, as well as underlying issues of representation, participation, and govern-ability.

The Oxford Handbook of Turkish Politics

Download The Oxford Handbook of Turkish Politics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190064897
Total Pages : 865 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Turkish Politics by : Günes Murat Tezcür

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Turkish Politics written by Günes Murat Tezcür and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 865 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of politics in Turkey : new horizons and perennial pitfalls / Güneş Murat Tezcür -- Democratization theories and Turkey / Ekrem Karakoç -- Ruling ideologies in modern Turkey / Kerem Öktem -- Constitutionalism in Turkey / Aslı Ü. Bâli -- Civil-military relations and the demise of Turkish democracy / Nil S. Satana and Burak Bilgehan Özpek -- Capturing secularism in Turkey : the ease of comparison / Murat Akan -- The political economy of Turkey since the end of World War II / Şevket Pamuk -- Neoliberal politics in Turkey / Sinan Erensü and Yahya M. Madra -- The politics of welfare in Turkey / Erdem Yörük -- The political economy of environmental policymaking in Turkey : a vicious cycle / Fikret Adaman, Bengi Akbulut, and Murat Arsel -- The politics of energy in Turkey : running engines on geopolitical, discursive, and coercive power / Begüm Özkaynak, Ethemcan Turhan, and Cem İskender Aydın -- The contemporary politics of health in Turkey : diverse actors, competing frames, and uneven policies / Volkan Yılmaz -- Populism in Turkey : historical and contemporary patterns / Yüksel Taşkın -- Old and new polarizations and failed democratizations in Turkey / Murat Somer -- Economic voting during the AKP era in Turkey / S. Erdem Aytaç -- Party organizations in Turkey and their consequences for democracy / Melis G. Laebens -- The evolution of conventional political participation in Turkey / Ersin Kalaycıoğlu -- Symbolic politics and contention in the Turkish Republic / Senem Aslan -- Islamist activism in Turkey / Menderes Çınar -- The Kurdish movement in Turkey : understanding everyday perceptions and experiences / Dilan Okcuoglu -- The Transnational Mobilization of the Alevis of Turkey : from invisibility to the struggle for equality / Ceren Lord -- Politics of asylum seekers and refugees in Turkey : limits and prospects of populism / Fatih Resul Kılınç and Şule Toktaş -- A theoretical account of Turkish foreign policy under the AKP / Tarık Oğuzlu -- US-Turkey relations since WWII : from alliance to transactionalism / Serhat Güvenç and Soli Özel -- Turkey and Europe : historical asynchronicities and perceptual asymmetries / Hakan Yılmaz -- Turkey's foreign policy in the Middle East : an identity perspective / Lisel Hintz -- Turkey and Russia : historical patterns and contemporary trends in bilateral relations / Evren Balta and Mitat Çelikpala -- Citizenship and protest behavior in Turkey / Ayhan Kaya -- Gender politics and the struggle for equality in Turkey / Zehra F. Kabasakal Arat -- Human rights organizations in Turkey / Başak Çalı -- Truth, justice, and commemoration initiatives in Turkey / Onur Bakiner -- The politics of media in Turkey : chronicle of a stillborn media system / Sarphan Uzunoğlu -- The AKP's rhetoric of rule in Turkey : political melodramas of conspiracy from "ergenekon" to "mastermind" / Erdağ Göknar -- The transformation of political cinema in Turkey since the 1960s : a change of discourse / Zeynep Çetin-Erus and M. Elif Demoğlu -- Political music in Turkey : the birth and diversification of dissident and conformist music (1920-2000) / Mustafa Avcı.

The Decline of Democracy in Turkey

Download The Decline of Democracy in Turkey PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 042953535X
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Decline of Democracy in Turkey by : Kürşat Çınar

Download or read book The Decline of Democracy in Turkey written by Kürşat Çınar and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the roots of the decline of democracy and the rise of hegemonic parties in Turkey, by comparing the Justice and Development Party (AKP) with other comparable cases throughout the world. Offering a novel analysis in the rise of hegemonic parties, this book incorporates the analysis of state-society relations and institutionalist approaches. A hegemonic party is a single political party that dominates the scene in multi-party elections for extended periods of time. Focusing on the cases of Turkey, Azerbaijan, Malaysia, Russia and other countries through the Middle East, Asia, Latin America, Africa and Europe, the book proves that hegemony building is possible through the combination of societal and institutional factors at the individual, local, and national levels. Multilingual comparative content analysis, rigorous statistical tests, and in-depth elite-level interviews support this theory, based on an extensive fieldwork analysis. Analysing contemporary as well as historical cases of hegemonic parties, the volume will be of interest to researchers and students in a broad range of areas including democratization, political parties and Turkish politics.

Electoral Politics and Regional Development

Download Electoral Politics and Regional Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (885 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Electoral Politics and Regional Development by : Davide Luca

Download or read book Electoral Politics and Regional Development written by Davide Luca and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Politics of Modern Turkey

Download The Politics of Modern Turkey PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780415411066
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Politics of Modern Turkey by :

Download or read book The Politics of Modern Turkey written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: VOLUME II POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES PART 5 Constitutional framework 1 (22) The politics of constitution making 3 (20) Ergun Özbudun PART 6 Executive 23 (12) The status of the president of the republic under the Turkish constitution of 1982: presidentialism or parliamentarism? 25 (10) Ergun Özbudun PART 7 Bureaucracy 35 (18) Society and bureaucracy: the civil service 37 (16) David Barchard PART 8 Parliament 53 (44) Cyclical development, redesign and nascent institutionalization of a legislative system 55 (42) Ersin Kalaycıoğlu PART 9 Party system 97 (78) Turkish party system in transition: party performance and agenda change 99 (32) Ali Çarkoğlu Turkish political parties and elections: half a century of multiparty democracy 131 (20) Frank Tachau The changing party system 151 (24) Sabri Sayarı PART 10 Elections, voting 175 (90) Voter profiles and fragmentation in the Turkish party system 177 (17) Cem Başlevent Hasan Kirmanoğlu Burhan Şenatalar At the ballot-box: determinants of voting behaviour in Turkey 194 (23) Yılmaz Esmer Regional cleavages in Turkish politics: an electoral geography of the 1999 and 2002 national elections 217 (28) W. Jefferson West Unconventional political participation in Turkey and Europe: comparative perspectives 245 (20) Ersin Kalaycıoğlu Part 11 Interest group politics, civil society 265 (64) Non-state actors and environmentalism 267 (18) Ciğdem Adem Globalization, civil society and citizenship in Turkey: actors, boundaries and discourses 285 (18) E. Fuat Keyman Ahmet İçduygu Business, globalization and democracy: a comparative analysis of Turkish business associations 303 (26) Ziya Öniş Umut Türem PART 12 The military 329 The Turkish military’s decision to intervene: 12 September 1980 331 (25) Tanel Demirel The Justice and Development Party government and the military in Turkey 356 (19) Metin Heper Problems of democratic governance of civil-military relations in Turkey and the European Union enlargement zone 375 (18) Umit Cizre Turkish politics and the military: a comparative analysis 393 William M. Hale Acknowledgements vii

Geographies of the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election

Download Geographies of the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000647307
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Geographies of the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election by : Barney Warf

Download or read book Geographies of the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election written by Barney Warf and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-12-19 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely, insightful and expert-led volume interprets the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election from a geographical standpoint, with a focus on its spatial dimensions. With contributions from leading thinkers, this book highlights the unique circumstances of the election, including the Covid pandemic and a president who falsely alleged that it was a massive fraud, particularly after he lost. The volume offers an introduction and 11 chapters that examine the run-up to the election, the motivations of Trump supporters, the election results themselves, case studies of the battleground states of Wisconsin and Georgia, and the chaotic aftermath. Accompanied with an engaging plethora of figures providing a visual demonstration of data trends, both national and local case studies are considered throughout this book, as well as right-wing radicalization, the role of Cuban-Americans, race, and threats to American democracy. This book is an ideal study companion for faculty and graduate students in fields including geography and political science, sociology, American studies, media studies and urban planning, as well as those with an interest in U.S. politics more generally.

Turkey

Download Turkey PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 61 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (97 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Turkey by : Jim Zanotti

Download or read book Turkey written by Jim Zanotti and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The New Turkey and Its Discontents

Download The New Turkey and Its Discontents PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190668377
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The New Turkey and Its Discontents by : Simon A. Waldman

Download or read book The New Turkey and Its Discontents written by Simon A. Waldman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assesses social, religious and political polarisation under the AKP of Recep Erdogan and the likely consequences for Turkey's evolution

National Elections in Turkey

Download National Elections in Turkey PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Syracuse University Press
ISBN 13 : 0815653468
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (156 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis National Elections in Turkey by : F. Michael Wuthrich

Download or read book National Elections in Turkey written by F. Michael Wuthrich and published by Syracuse University Press. This book was released on 2015-07-28 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What determines voting behavior in Turkey? At a time when the center-right, religious-conservative leadership of the Justice and Development Party has dominated government and the political scene in Turkey—so much so that the democratic credentials of the regime have come into question—many have sought to understand what undergirds this party’s success at the polls. While many scholars have argued that elections in Turkey over time can be effectively and simply explained by static social or cultural cleavages, Wuthrich challenges these assertions with a framework that carefully attends to patterns of strategic vote-getting behavior in elections by political parties and their leaders. Using the campaign speeches of the political elite, election data at national and provincial levels, and careful observations of voter mobilization strategies across time, Wuthrich traces four distinct patterns that explain important shifts in electoral behavior. He covers the first free and fair multiparty election in 1950 and follows campaign strategies through 2011, highlighting and explaining the potential development of a new and more problematic paradigm emerging in the post-2007 environment.

Turkey's Necropolitical Laboratory

Download Turkey's Necropolitical Laboratory PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
ISBN 13 : 1474450296
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (744 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Turkey's Necropolitical Laboratory by : Bargu Banu Bargu

Download or read book Turkey's Necropolitical Laboratory written by Bargu Banu Bargu and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-08 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book makes a strong case that Turkey's regime and its vicissitudes are dependent on a necropolitical undercurrent. Building on the insights of critical and contemporary theory, the essays address the multiple ways in which lives are brought into the fold of power. Once there, they are subjected to mechanisms of death and destruction, and to modalities of infrastructural violence, strategic neglect and exposure. This produces new forms of impoverishment, inequality and disposability. Bringing together historical, discursive, and ethnographic approaches from multiple disciplines, this collection offers a sobering and original analysis of contemporary Turkey.

The Transformation of Kurdish and Islamist Parties in Turkey

Download The Transformation of Kurdish and Islamist Parties in Turkey PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031062930
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Transformation of Kurdish and Islamist Parties in Turkey by : Pelin Ayan Musil

Download or read book The Transformation of Kurdish and Islamist Parties in Turkey written by Pelin Ayan Musil and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-16 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the transformation of ethnic and religious political parties in Turkey with special focus on their role in the country’s democratization and regime changes. Turkey went through a process of autocratization under the rule of the AKP government over the last two decades. Scholars question the structural, agent-centered and cultural factors that led the country on this path, and provide the lessons learnt from this case for other cases of democratic decline or breakdown. This book contributes to this debate. It treats the three national elections (2002, 2007, 2015-June) as opportunities for democratization, in which the Islamist-successor AKP (in 2002, 2007) and the Kurdish-successor HDP (in 2015-June) managed to overcome identity politics and received the organized support from social groups outside of their traditional constituency. This book argues that in a semi-democratic context where repressive acts of the state (e.g. banning of parties, arresting politicians) have been subject to widespread public criticism, confronting the state becomes a salient issue. When these parties manage to frame this issue as one of democracy, they take ownership of it, and this then becomes an opportunity for democratizing the regime. This opportunity, yet, can be missed if the party follows an office-seeking strategy rather than a policy-seeking one.

Victims of Commemoration

Download Victims of Commemoration PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Syracuse University Press
ISBN 13 : 0815655460
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (156 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Victims of Commemoration by : Eray Çaylı

Download or read book Victims of Commemoration written by Eray Çaylı and published by Syracuse University Press. This book was released on 2022-08-03 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Confronting the past” has become a byword for democratization. How societies and governments commemorate their violent pasts is often appraised as a litmus test of their democratization claims. Regardless of how critical such appraisals may be, they tend to share a fundamental assumption: commemoration, as a symbol of democratization, is ontologically distinct from violence. The pitfalls of this assumption have been nowhere more evident than in Turkey whose mainstream image on the world stage has rapidly descended from a regional beacon of democracy to a hotbed of violence within the space of a few recent years. In Victims of Commemoration, Eray Çaylı draws upon extensive fieldwork he conducted in the prelude to the mid-2010s when Turkey’s global image fell from grace. This ethnography—the first of its kind—explores both activist and official commemorations at sites of state-endorsed violence in Turkey that have become the subject of campaigns for memorial museums. Reversing the methodological trajectory of existing accounts, Çayli works from the politics of urban and architectural space to grasp ethnic, religious, and ideological marginalization. Victims of Commemoration reveals that, whether campaigns for memorial museums bear fruit or not, architecture helps communities concentrate their political work against systemic problems. Sites significant to Kurdish, Alevi, and revolutionary-leftist struggles for memory and justice prompt activists to file petitions and lawsuits, organize protests, and build new political communities. In doing so, activists not only uphold the legacy of victims but also reject the identity of a passive victimhood being imposed on them. They challenge not only the ways specific violent pasts and their victims are represented, but also the structural violence which underpins deep-seated approaches to nationhood, publicness and truth, and which itself is a source of victimhood. Victims of Commemoration complicates our tendency to presume that violence ends where commemoration begins and that architecture’s role in both is reducible to a question of symbolism.

Exit from Democracy

Download Exit from Democracy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351381849
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Exit from Democracy by : Kerem Öktem

Download or read book Exit from Democracy written by Kerem Öktem and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Democratic government is facing unprecedented challenges at a global scale. Yet, Turkey's descent into conflict, crisis and autocracy is exceptional. Only a few years ago, the country was praised as a successful Muslim-majority democracy and a promising example of sustainable growth. In Turkey’s Exit from Democracy, the contributors argue that President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and the Justice and Development Party government have now effectively abandoned the realm of democratic politics by attempting regime change with the aim to install a hyper-presidentialist system. Examining how this power grab comes at the tail end of more than a decade of seemingly democratic politics, the contributors also explore the mechanisms of de-democratization through two distinctive, but interrelated angles: A set of comparative analyses explores illiberal forms of governance in Turkey, Russia, Southeast Europe and Latin America. In-depth studies analyse how Turkey's society has been reshaped in the image of a patriarchal habitus and how consent has been fabricated through religious, educational, ethnic and civil society policies. Despite this comprehensive authoritarian shift, the result is not authoritarian consolidation, but a deeply divided and contested polity. Analysing an early example of democratic decline and authoritarian politics, this volume is relevant well beyond the confines of regional studies. Turkey exemplifies the larger forces of de-democratization at play globally. Turkey’s Exit from Democracy provides the reader with generalizable insights into these transformative processes. These chapters were originally published as a special issue in Southeast European and Black Sea Studies.

The Politics of Modern Turkey: Political institutions and processes

Download The Politics of Modern Turkey: Political institutions and processes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Politics of Modern Turkey: Political institutions and processes by : William M. Hale

Download or read book The Politics of Modern Turkey: Political institutions and processes written by William M. Hale and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A newly written introduction opens this collection, which brings together nearly seventy pieces of canonical and cutting-edge research covering all aspects of politics in Turkey from the end of the Ottoman Empire to the application for EU membership, a period of about eighty years representing one of the most dramatic modernization drives in any nation. Among issues covered are: secularism, democracy, US/Russian/Middle East/Turkish foreign policy issues, and the role of women in Turkish ...

Erdogan's Empire

Download Erdogan's Empire PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1786726343
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Erdogan's Empire by : Soner Cagaptay

Download or read book Erdogan's Empire written by Soner Cagaptay and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2019-09-19 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gradually since 2003, Turkey's autocratic leader Recep Tayyip Erdogan has sought to make Turkey a great power -- in the tradition of past Turkish leaders from the late Ottoman sultans to Ataturk, the founder of modern Turkey. Here the leading authority Soner Cagaptay, author of The New Sultan -- the first biography of President Erdogan -- provides a masterful overview of the power politics in the Middle East and Turkey's place in it. Erdogan has picked an unorthodox model in the context of recent Turkish history, attempting to cast his country as a stand-alone Middle Eastern power. In doing so Turkey has broken ranks with its traditional Western allies, including the United States and has embraced an imperial-style foreign policy which has aimed to restore Turkey's Ottoman-era reach into the Arabian Middle East and the Balkans. Today, in addition to a domestic crackdown on dissent and journalistic freedoms, driven by Erdogan's style of governance, Turkey faces a hostile world. Ankara has nearly no friends left in the Middle East, and it faces a threat from resurgent historic adversaries: Russia and Iran. Furthermore, Turkey cannot rely on the unconditional support of its traditional Western allies. Can Erdogan deliver Turkey back to safety? What are the risks that lie ahead for him, and his country? How can Turkey truly become a great power, fulfilling a dream shared by many Turks, the sultans, Ataturk, and Erdogan himself?