Truthlikeness

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Truthlikeness

Author : I. Niiniluoto
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400937393
Total Pages : 542 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Truthlikeness by : I. Niiniluoto

Download or read book Truthlikeness written by I. Niiniluoto and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The modern discussion on the concept of truthlikeness was started in 1960. In his influential Word and Object, W. V. O. Quine argued that Charles Peirce's definition of truth as the limit of inquiry is faulty for the reason that the notion 'nearer than' is only "defined for numbers and not for theories". In his contribution to the 1960 International Congress for Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science at Stan ford, Karl Popper defended the opposite view by defining a compara tive notion of verisimilitude for theories. was originally introduced by the The concept of verisimilitude Ancient sceptics to moderate their radical thesis of the inaccessibility of truth. But soon verisimilitudo, indicating likeness to the truth, was confused with probabilitas, which expresses an opiniotative attitude weaker than full certainty. The idea of truthlikeness fell in disrepute also as a result of the careless, often confused and metaphysically loaded way in which many philosophers used - and still use - such concepts as 'degree of truth', 'approximate truth', 'partial truth', and 'approach to the truth'. Popper's great achievement was his insight that the criticism against truthlikeness - by those who urge that it is meaningless to speak about 'closeness to truth' - is more based on prejudice than argument.

Likeness to Truth

Author : G. Oddie
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400946589
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Likeness to Truth by : G. Oddie

Download or read book Likeness to Truth written by G. Oddie and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of likeness to truth, like that of truth itself, is fundamental to a realist conception of inquiry. To demonstrate this we need only make two rather modest aim of an inquiry, as an inquiry, is realist assumptions: the truth doctrine (that the the truth of some matter) and the progress doctrine (that one false theory may realise this aim better than another). Together these yield the conclusion that a false theory may be more truthlike, or closer to the truth, than another. It is the aim of this book to give a rigorous philosophical analysis of the concept of likeness to truth, and to examine the consequences, some of them no doubt surprising to those who have been unduly impressed by the (admittedly important) true/false dichotomy. Truthlikeness is not only a requirement of a particular philosophical outlook, it is as deeply embedded in common sense as the concept of truth. Everyone seems to be capable of grading various propositions, in different (hypothetical) situations, according to their closeness to the truth in those situations. And (if my experience is anything to go by) there is remarkable unanimity on these pretheoretical judge ments. This is not proof that there is a single coherent concept underlying these judgements. The whole point of engaging in philosophical analysis is to make this claim plausible.

Confirmation, Empirical Progress, and Truth Approximation

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9401201285
Total Pages : 543 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Confirmation, Empirical Progress, and Truth Approximation by :

Download or read book Confirmation, Empirical Progress, and Truth Approximation written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2016-08-01 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first of two volumes devoted to the work of Theo Kuipers, a leading Dutch philosopher of science. Philosophers and scientists from all over the world, thirty seven in all, comment on Kuipers' philosophy, and each of their commentaries is followed by a reply from Kuipers. The present volume focuses on Kuipers' views on confirmation, empirical progress, and truth approximation, as laid down in his From Instrumentalism to Constructive Realism (Kluwer, 2000). In this book, Kuipers offered a synthesis of Carnap's and Hempel's confirmation theory on the one hand, and Popper's theory of truth approximation on the other. The key element of this synthesis is a sophisticated methodology, which enables the evaluation of theories in terms of their problems and successes (even if the theories are already falsified), and which also fits well with the claim that one theory is closer to the truth than another. Ilkka Niiniluoto, Patrick Maher, John Welch, Gerhard Schurz, Igor Douven, Bert Hamminga, David Miller, Johan van Benthem, Sjoerd Zwart, Thomas Mormann, Jesús Zamora Bonilla, Isabella Burger & Johannes Heidema, Joke Meheus, Hans Mooij, and Diderik Batens comment on these ideas of Kuipers, and many present their own account. The present book also contains a synopsis of From Instrumentalism to Constructive Realism. It can be read independently of the second volume of Essays in Debate with Theo Kuipers, which is devoted to Kuipers' Structures in Science (2001).

The Oxford Handbook of Truth

Author : Michael Glanzberg
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191502669
Total Pages : 892 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Truth by : Michael Glanzberg

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Truth written by Michael Glanzberg and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Truth is one of the central concepts in philosophy, and has been a perennial subject of study. Michael Glanzberg has brought together 36 leading experts from around the world to produce the definitive guide to philosophical issues to do with truth. They consider how the concept of truth has been understood from antiquity to the present day, surveying major debates about truth during the emergence of analytic philosophy. They offer critical assessments of the standard theories of truth, including the coherence, correspondence, identity, and pragmatist theories. They explore the role of truth in metaphysics, with lively discussion of truthmakers, proposition, determinacy, objectivity, deflationism, fictionalism, relativism, and pluralism. Finally the handbook explores broader applications of truth in philosophy, including ethics, science, and mathematics, and reviews formal work on truth and its application to semantic paradox. This Oxford Handbook will be an invaluable resource across all areas of philosophy.

Truth-Seeking by Abduction

Author : Ilkka Niiniluoto
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319991574
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Truth-Seeking by Abduction by : Ilkka Niiniluoto

Download or read book Truth-Seeking by Abduction written by Ilkka Niiniluoto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the philosophical conception of abductive reasoning as developed by Charles S. Peirce, the founder of American pragmatism. It explores the historical and systematic connections of Peirce's original ideas and debates about their interpretations. Abduction is understood in a broad sense which covers the discovery and pursuit of hypotheses and inference to the best explanation. The analysis presents fresh insights into this notion of reasoning, which derives from effects to causes or from surprising observations to explanatory theories. The author outlines some logical and AI approaches to abduction as well as studies various kinds of inverse problems in astronomy, physics, medicine, biology, and human sciences to provide examples of retroductions and abductions. The discussion covers also everyday examples with the implication of this notion in detective stories, one of Peirce’s own favorite themes. The author uses Bayesian probabilities to argue that explanatory abduction is a method of confirmation. He uses his own account of truth approximation to reformulate abduction as inference which leads to the truthlikeness of its conclusion. This allows a powerful abductive defense of scientific realism. This up-to-date survey and defense of the Peircean view of abduction may very well help researchers, students, and philosophers better understand the logic of truth-seeking.

The Routledge Handbook of Scientific Realism

Author : Juha Saatsi
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351362909
Total Pages : 907 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Scientific Realism by : Juha Saatsi

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Scientific Realism written by Juha Saatsi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 907 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific realism is a central, long-standing, and hotly debated topic in philosophy of science. Debates about scientific realism concern the very nature and extent of scientific knowledge and progress. Scientific realists defend a positive epistemic attitude towards our best theories and models regarding how they represent the world that is unobservable to our naked senses. Various realist theses are under sceptical fire from scientific antirealists, e.g. empiricists and instrumentalists. The different dimensions of the ensuing debate centrally connect to numerous other topics in philosophy of science and beyond. The Routledge Handbook of Scientific Realism is an outstanding reference source – the first collection of its kind – to the key issues, positions, and arguments in this important topic. Its thirty-four chapters, written by a team of international experts, are divided into five parts: Historical development of the realist stance Classic debate: core issues and positions Perspectives on contemporary debates The realism debate in disciplinary context Broader reflections In these sections, the core issues and debates presented, analysed, and set into broader historical and disciplinary contexts. The central issues covered include motivations and arguments for realism; challenges to realism from underdetermination and history of science; different variants of realism; the connection of realism to relativism and perspectivism; and the relationship between realism, metaphysics, and epistemology. The Routledge Handbook of Scientific Realism is essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy of science. It will also be very useful for anyone interested in the nature and extent of scientific knowledge.

Nomic Truth Approximation Revisited

Author : Theo A. F. Kuipers
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319983881
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Nomic Truth Approximation Revisited by : Theo A. F. Kuipers

Download or read book Nomic Truth Approximation Revisited written by Theo A. F. Kuipers and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-05 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph presents new ideas in nomic truth approximation. It features original and revised papers from a (formal) philosopher of science who has studied the concept for more than 35 years. Over the course of time, the author's initial ideas evolved. He discovered a way to generalize his first theory of nomic truth approximation, viz. by dropping an unnecessarily strong assumption. In particular, he first believed to have to assume that theories were maximally specific in the sense that they did not only exclude certain conceptual possibilities, but also that all non-excluded possibilities were in fact claimed to be nomically possible. Now, he argues that the exclusion claim alone, or for that matter the inclusion claim alone, is sufficient to motivate the formal definition of being closer to the nomic truth. The papers collected here detail this generalized view of nomic truthlikeness or verisimilitude. Besides this, the book presents, in adapted form, the relation with several other topics, such as, domain revision, aesthetic progress, abduction, inference to the best explanation, pragmatic aspects, probabilistic methods, belief revision and epistemological positions, notably constructive realism. Overall, the volume presents profound insight into nomic truth approximation. This idea seeks to determine how one theory can be closer to, or more similar to, the truth about what is nomically, e.g. physically, chemically, biologically, possible than another theory. As a result, it represents the ultimate goal of theory oriented empirical science. Theo Kuipers is the author of Studies in Inductive Probability and Rational Expectation (1978), From Instrumentalism to Constructive Realism (2000) and Structures in Science (2001). He is the volume-editor of the Handbook on General Philosophy of Science (2007). In 2005 there appeared two volumes of Essays in Debate with Theo Kuipers, entitled Confirmation, Empirical Progress, and Truth Approximation and Cognitive Structures in Scientific Inquiry.

Science Between Truth and Ethical Responsibility

Author : Mario Alai
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319163698
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Science Between Truth and Ethical Responsibility by : Mario Alai

Download or read book Science Between Truth and Ethical Responsibility written by Mario Alai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers the most complete and up-to-date overview of the philosophical work of Evandro Agazzi, presently the most important Italian philosopher of science and one of the most influential in the world. Scholars from seven countries explore his contributions in areas ranging from philosophy of physics and general philosophy of science to bioethics, philosophy of mathematics and logic, epistemology of the social sciences and history of science, philosophy of language and artificial intelligence, education and anthropology, metaphysics and philosophy of religion. Agazzi developed a complete and coherent philosophical system, anticipating some of the turns in the philosophy of science after the crisis of logical empiricism and exerting an equal influence on continental hermeneutic philosophy. His work is characterized by an original synthesis of contemporary analytic philosophy, phenomenology and classical philosophy, including the scholastic tradition and these threads are reflected in the different backgrounds of the contributors to this book. While upholding the epistemological value of science against scepticism and relativism, Agazzi eschews scientism by stressing the equal importance of non-scientific forms of thought, such as metaphysics and religion. While defending the freedom of research as a cognitive enterprise, he argues that as a human and social practice it must nonetheless respect ethical constraints.

Formal Methods in the Methodology of Empirical Sciences

Author : Marian Przelecki
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401011354
Total Pages : 455 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Formal Methods in the Methodology of Empirical Sciences by : Marian Przelecki

Download or read book Formal Methods in the Methodology of Empirical Sciences written by Marian Przelecki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the Conference for Formal Methods in the Methodology of Emperical Sciences, Warsaw, June 17-21, 1974, Poland.

The Philosophy of Science: N-Z, Index

Author : Sahotra Sarkar
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 9780415977104
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (771 download)

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Book Synopsis The Philosophy of Science: N-Z, Index by : Sahotra Sarkar

Download or read book The Philosophy of Science: N-Z, Index written by Sahotra Sarkar and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2006 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first in-depth reference to the field that combines scientific knowledge with philosophical inquiry, this encyclopedia brings together a team of leading scholars to provide nearly 150 entries on the essential concepts in the philosophy of science. The areas covered include biology, chemistry, epistemology and metaphysics, physics, psychology and mind, the social sciences, and key figures in the combined studies of science and philosophy. (Midwest).

Beyond Truthlikeness

Author : Eric Christian Barnes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 492 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond Truthlikeness by : Eric Christian Barnes

Download or read book Beyond Truthlikeness written by Eric Christian Barnes and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

From Instrumentalism to Constructive Realism

Author : Theo A.F. Kuipers
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401716188
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis From Instrumentalism to Constructive Realism by : Theo A.F. Kuipers

Download or read book From Instrumentalism to Constructive Realism written by Theo A.F. Kuipers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surprisingly, modified versions of the confirmation theory (Carnap and Hempel) and truth approximation theory (Popper) turn out to be smoothly sythesizable. The glue between the two appears to be the instrumentalist methodology, rather than that of the falsificationalist. The instrumentalist methodology, used in the separate, comparative evaluation of theories in terms of their successes and problems (hence, even if already falsified), provides in theory and practice the straight road to short-term empirical progress in science ( à la Laudan). It is also argued that such progress is also functional for all kinds of truth approximation: observational, referential, and theoretical. This sheds new light on the long-term dynamics of science and hence on the relation between the main epistemological positions, viz., instrumentalism (Toulmin, Laudan), constructive empiricism (Van Fraassen), referential realism (Hacking, Cartwright), and theory realism of a non-essentialist nature (constructive realism à la Popper). Readership: Open minded philosophers and scientists. The book explains and justifies the scientist's intuition that the debate among philosophers about instrumentalism and realism has almost no practical consequences.

What is Closer-to-the-Truth?

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 900445702X
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis What is Closer-to-the-Truth? by :

Download or read book What is Closer-to-the-Truth? written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-12-28 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science

Author : Martin Curd
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135011095
Total Pages : 736 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science by : Martin Curd

Download or read book The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science written by Martin Curd and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-24 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science is an indispensable reference source and guide to the major themes, debates, problems and topics in philosophy of science. It contains sixty-two specially commissioned entries by a leading team of international contributors. Organized into four parts it covers: historical and philosophical context debates concepts the individual sciences. The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science addresses all of the essential topics that students of philosophy of science need to know - from empiricism, explanation and experiment to causation, observation, prediction and more - and contains many helpful features including chapters on individual sciences (such as biology, chemistry, physics and psychology), further reading and cross-referencing at the end of each chapter. Expanded and revised throughout, this second edition includes new chapters on Conventionalism, Social Epistemology, Computer Simulation, Thought Experiments, Pseudoscience, Species and Taxonomy, and Cosmology.

What is Closer-to-the-truth?

Author : Theo A. F. Kuipers
Publisher : Rodopi
ISBN 13 : 9789062035090
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis What is Closer-to-the-truth? by : Theo A. F. Kuipers

Download or read book What is Closer-to-the-truth? written by Theo A. F. Kuipers and published by Rodopi. This book was released on 1987 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Idealization III: Approximation and Truth

Author : Leszek Nowak
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004457240
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Idealization III: Approximation and Truth by : Leszek Nowak

Download or read book Idealization III: Approximation and Truth written by Leszek Nowak and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-03-13 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Author : Donald M. Borchert
Publisher : Thomson Gale/MacMillan Reference USA
ISBN 13 : 9780028657899
Total Pages : 904 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (578 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Philosophy by : Donald M. Borchert

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Philosophy written by Donald M. Borchert and published by Thomson Gale/MacMillan Reference USA. This book was released on 2006 with total page 904 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, covering entries from "Shaftesbury, Third Earl of" to "Zubiri, Xavier," presents articles on Eastern and Western philosophies, medical and scientific ethics, the Holocaust, terrorism, censorship, biographical entries, and much more.