Transparency And Self Knowledge

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Transparency and Self-Knowledge

Author : Alex Byrne
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192554735
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Transparency and Self-Knowledge by : Alex Byrne

Download or read book Transparency and Self-Knowledge written by Alex Byrne and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-04-13 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alex Byrne sets out and defends a theory of self-knowledge-knowledge of one's mental states. Inspired by Gareth Evans' discussion of self-knowledge in his The Varieties of Reference, the basic idea is that one comes to know that one is in a mental state M by an inference from a worldly or environmental premise to the conclusion that one is in M. (Typically the worldly premise will not be about anything mental.) The mind, on this account, is 'transparent': self-knowledge is achieved by an 'outward glance' at the corresponding tract of the world, not by an 'inward glance' at one's own mind. Belief is the clearest case, with the inference being from 'p' to 'I believe that p'. One serious problem with this idea is that the inference seems terrible, because 'p' is at best very weak evidence that one believes that p. Another is that the idea seems not to generalize. For example, what is the worldly premise corresponding to 'I intend to do this', or 'I feel a pain'? Byrne argues that both problems can be solved, and explains how the account covers perception, sensation, desire, intention, emotion, memory, imagination, and thought. The result is a unified theory of self-knowledge that explains the epistemic security of beliefs about one's mental states (privileged access), as well as the fact that one has a special first-person way of knowing about one's mental states (peculiar access).

The Opacity of Mind

Author : Peter Carruthers
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199685142
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis The Opacity of Mind by : Peter Carruthers

Download or read book The Opacity of Mind written by Peter Carruthers and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013-08 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do we have introspective access to our own thoughts? Peter Carruthers challenges the consensus that we do: he argues that access to our own thoughts is always interpretive, grounded in perceptual awareness and sensory imagery. He proposes a bold new theory of self-knowledge, with radical implications for understanding of consciousness and agency.

Self-Knowledge and Resentment

Author : Akeel Bilgrami
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674064526
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Self-Knowledge and Resentment by : Akeel Bilgrami

Download or read book Self-Knowledge and Resentment written by Akeel Bilgrami and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-05 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Self-Knowledge and Resentment, Akeel Bilgrami argues that self-knowledge of our intentional states is special among all the knowledges we have because it is not an epistemological notion in the standard sense of that term, but instead is a fallout of the radically normative nature of thought and agency. Four themes or questions are brought together into an integrated philosophical position: What makes self-knowledge different from other forms of knowledge? What makes for freedom and agency in a deterministic universe? What makes intentional states of a subject irreducible to its physical and functional states? And what makes values irreducible to the states of nature as the natural sciences study them? This integration of themes into a single and systematic picture of thought, value, agency, and self-knowledge is essential to the book's aspiration and argument. Once this integrated position is fully in place, the book closes with a postscript on how one might fruitfully view the kind of self-knowledge that is pursued in psychoanalysis.

Introspection and Consciousness

Author : Declan Smithies
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199909253
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis Introspection and Consciousness by : Declan Smithies

Download or read book Introspection and Consciousness written by Declan Smithies and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-06-12 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of introspection stands at the interface between questions in epistemology about the nature of self-knowledge and questions in the philosophy of mind about the nature of consciousness. What is the nature of introspection such that it provides us with a distinctive way of knowing about our own conscious mental states? And what is the nature of consciousness such that we can know about our own conscious mental states by introspection? How should we understand the relationship between consciousness and introspective self-knowledge? Should we explain consciousness in terms of introspective self-knowledge or vice versa? Until recently, questions in epistemology and the philosophy of mind were pursued largely in isolation from one another. This volume aims to integrate these two lines of research by bringing together fourteen new essays and one reprinted essay on the relationship between introspection, self-knowledge, and consciousness.

The Varieties of Self-Knowledge

Author : Annalisa Coliva
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137326131
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (373 download)

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Book Synopsis The Varieties of Self-Knowledge by : Annalisa Coliva

Download or read book The Varieties of Self-Knowledge written by Annalisa Coliva and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-05 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the idea that self-knowledge comes in many varieties. We “know ourselves” through many different methods, depending on whether we attend to our propositional attitudes, our perceptions, sensations or emotions. Furthermore, sometimes what we call “self-knowledge” is not the result of any substantial cognitive achievement and the characteristic authority we grant to our psychological self-ascription is a conceptual necessity, redeemed by unravelling the structure of several interlocking concepts. This book critically assesses the main contemporary positions held on the epistemology of self-knowledge. These include robust epistemic accounts such as inner sense views and theory-theories; weak epistemic accounts such as transparency theories and rational internalism and externalism; as well as expressivist and constitutivist approaches. The author offers an innovative “pluralist” position on self-knowledge, emphasizing the complexity of the phenomenon and its resistance to any “monistic” treatment, to pose new and intriguing philosophical challenges.

Authority and Estrangement

Author : Richard Moran
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691089450
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Authority and Estrangement by : Richard Moran

Download or read book Authority and Estrangement written by Richard Moran and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2001-11-18 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Socrates, and through Descartes to the present day, the problems of self-knowledge have been central to philosophy's understanding of itself. Today the idea of ''first-person authority''--the claim of a distinctive relation each person has toward his or her own mental life--has been challenged from a number of directions, to the point where many doubt the person bears any distinctive relation to his or her own mental life, let alone a privileged one. In Authority and Estrangement, Richard Moran argues for a reconception of the first-person and its claims. Indeed, he writes, a more thorough repudiation of the idea of privileged inner observation leads to a deeper appreciation of the systematic differences between self-knowledge and the knowledge of others, differences that are both irreducible and constitutive of the very concept and life of the person. Masterfully blending philosophy of mind and moral psychology, Moran develops a view of self-knowledge that concentrates on the self as agent rather than spectator. He argues that while each person does speak for his own thought and feeling with a distinctive authority, that very authority is tied just as much to the disprivileging of the first-person, to its specific possibilities of alienation. Drawing on certain themes from Wittgenstein, Sartre, and others, the book explores the extent to which what we say about ourselves is a matter of discovery or of creation, the difficulties and limitations in being ''objective'' toward ourselves, and the conflicting demands of realism about oneself and responsibility for oneself. What emerges is a strikingly original and psychologically nuanced exploration of the contrasting ideals of relations to oneself and relations to others.

Speaking My Mind

Author : Dorit Bar-On
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191532428
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Speaking My Mind by : Dorit Bar-On

Download or read book Speaking My Mind written by Dorit Bar-On and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2004-11-18 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dorit Bar-On develops and defends a novel view of avowals and self-knowledge. Drawing on resources from the philosophy of language, the theory of action, epistemology, and the philosophy of mind, she offers original and systematic answers to many long-standing questions concerning our ability to know our own minds. We are all very good at telling what states of mind we are in at a given moment. When it comes to our own present states of mind, what we say goes; an avowal such as "I'm feeling so anxious" or "I'm thinking about my next trip to Paris," it is typically supposed, tells it like it is. But why is that? Why should what I say about my present mental states carry so much more weight than what others say about them? Why should avowals be more immune to criticism and correction than other claims we make? And if avowals are not based on any evidence or observation, how could they possibly express our knowledge of our own present mental states? Bar-On proposes a Neo-Expressivist view according to which an avowal is an act through which a person directly expresses, rather than merely reports, the very mental condition that the avowal ascribes. She argues that this expressivist idea, coupled with an adequate characterization of expression and a proper separation of the semantics of avowals from their pragmatics and epistemology, explains the special status we assign to avowals. As against many expressivists and their critics, she maintains that such an expressivist explanation is consistent with a non-deflationary view of self-knowledge and a robust realism about mental states. The view that emerges preserves many insights of the most prominent contributors to the subject, while offering a new perspective on our special relationship to our own minds.

Transparent Design in Higher Education Teaching and Leadership

Author : Mary-Ann Winkelmes
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 100097832X
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Transparent Design in Higher Education Teaching and Leadership by : Mary-Ann Winkelmes

Download or read book Transparent Design in Higher Education Teaching and Leadership written by Mary-Ann Winkelmes and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-03 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive guide to the Transparency in Learning and Teaching (TILT) framework that has convincingly demonstrated that implementation increases retention and improved outcomes for all students. Its premise is simple: to make learning processes explicit and equitably accessible for all students. Transparent instruction involves faculty/student discussion about several important aspects of academic work before students undertake that work, making explicit the purpose of the work, the knowledge that will be gained and its utility in students’ lives beyond college; explaining the tasks involved, the expected criteria, and providing multiple examples of real-world work applications of the specific academic discipline. The simple change of making objective and methods explicit – that faculty recognize as consistent with their teaching goals – creates substantial benefits for students and demonstrably increases such predictors of college students’ success as academic confidence, sense of belonging in college, self-awareness of skill development, and persistence. This guide presents a brief history of TILT, summarizes both past and current research on its impact on learning, and describes the three-part Transparency Framework (of purposes, tasks and criteria). The three sections of the book in turn demonstrate why and how transparent instruction works suggesting strategies for instructors who wish to adopt it; describing how educational developers and teaching centers have adopted the Framework; and concluding with examples of how several institutions have used the Framework to connect the daily work of faculty with the learning goals that departments, programs and institutions aim to demonstrate.

Self-Knowledge for Humans

Author : Quassim Cassam
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 019103973X
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Self-Knowledge for Humans by : Quassim Cassam

Download or read book Self-Knowledge for Humans written by Quassim Cassam and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-11-27 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human beings are not model epistemic citizens. Our reasoning can be careless and uncritical, and our beliefs, desires, and other attitudes aren't always as they ought rationally to be. Our beliefs can be eccentric, our desires irrational and our hopes hopelessly unrealistic. Our attitudes are influenced by a wide range of non-epistemic or non-rational factors, including our character, our emotions, and powerful unconscious biases. Yet we are rarely conscious of such influences. Self-ignorance is not something to which human beings are immune. In this book Quassim Cassam develops an account of self-knowledge which tries to do justice to these and other respects in which humans aren't model epistemic citizens. He rejects rationalist and other mainstream philosophical accounts of self-knowledge on the grounds that, in more than one sense, they aren't accounts of self-knowledge for humans. Instead he defends the view that inferences from behavioural and psychological evidence are a basic source of human self-knowledge. On this account, self-knowledge is a genuine cognitive achievement and self-ignorance is almost always on the cards. As well as explaining knowledge of our own states of mind, Cassam also accounts for what he calls 'substantial' self-knowledge, including knowledge of our values, emotions, and character. He criticizes philosophical accounts of self-knowledge for neglecting substantial self-knowledge, and concludes with a discussion of the value of self-knowledge. This book tries to do for philosophy what behavioural economics tries to do for economics. Just as behavioural economics is the economics of homo sapiens, as distinct from the economics of an ideally rational and self homo economics, so Cassam argues that philosophy should focus on the human predicament rather than on the reasoning and self-knowledge of an idealized homo philosophicus.

Self-Knowledge

Author : Brie Gertler
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136858113
Total Pages : 564 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (368 download)

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Book Synopsis Self-Knowledge by : Brie Gertler

Download or read book Self-Knowledge written by Brie Gertler and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-11-25 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do you know your own thoughts and feelings? Do we have ‘privileged access’ to our own minds? Does introspection provide a grasp of a thinking self or ‘I’? The problem of self-knowledge is one of the most fascinating in all of philosophy and has crucial significance for the philosophy of mind and epistemology. In this outstanding introduction Brie Gertler assesses the leading theoretical approaches to self-knowledge, explaining the work of many of the key figures in the field: from Descartes and Kant, through to Bertrand Russell and Gareth Evans, as well as recent work by Tyler Burge, David Chalmers, William Lycan and Sydney Shoemaker. Beginning with an outline of the distinction between self-knowledge and self-awareness and providing essential historical background to the problem, Gertler addresses specific theories of self-knowledge such as the acquaintance theory, the inner sense theory, and the rationalist theory, as well as leading accounts of self-awareness. The book concludes with a critical explication of the dispute between empiricist and rationalist approaches. Including helpful chapter summaries, annotated further reading and a glossary, Self Knowledge is essential reading for those interested in philosophy of mind, epistemology, and personal identity.

Externalism, Self-Knowledge, and Skepticism

Author : Sanford Goldberg
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107063507
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Externalism, Self-Knowledge, and Skepticism by : Sanford Goldberg

Download or read book Externalism, Self-Knowledge, and Skepticism written by Sanford Goldberg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-08-21 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of new essays explores the implications of semantic externalism for self-knowledge and skepticism.

Making Morality Work

Author : Holly M. Smith
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019254764X
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Making Morality Work by : Holly M. Smith

Download or read book Making Morality Work written by Holly M. Smith and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of us hope to do what morality requires of us. But what if we can't figure out what it does require? A soldier may know that morality requires him not to kill an innocent civilian but he can't tell whether the driver of a suspicious car is an innocent civilian or a terrorist about to detonate a bomb. Holly M. Smith addresses this problem in Making Morality Work by asking whether we should reject moral codes that can't be used by anyone hampered by inadequate information. When considering questions of morality, we call on moral theories to play both a theoretical and a practical role. These theories provide accounts of what makes actions right or wrong, and also provide a standard by which agents can guide their own conduct. It is usually assumed that a single theory can serve both roles, but limited knowledge often prevents people from using traditional normative theories to make decisions. Smith examines three major strategies for addressing this 'epistemic problem' in morality before developing an innovative solution that overcomes the weaknesses of prior approaches. Making Morality Work opens a path towards resolving a deep problem in moral life.

The Liberal War on Transparency

Author : Christopher C. Horner
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1451694881
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis The Liberal War on Transparency by : Christopher C. Horner

Download or read book The Liberal War on Transparency written by Christopher C. Horner and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2012-10-02 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains how to use Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) to track government activities, discussing the Act's history and purpose while demonstrating how to use the "tradecraft" method to identify otherwise anonymous politicians involved in questionable acts.

The Cambridge Heidegger Lexicon

Author : Mark A. Wrathall
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108640834
Total Pages : 1605 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge Heidegger Lexicon by : Mark A. Wrathall

Download or read book The Cambridge Heidegger Lexicon written by Mark A. Wrathall and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-03 with total page 1605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) was one of the most original thinkers of the twentieth century. His work has profoundly influenced philosophers including Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Hannah Arendt, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Jürgen Habermas, Charles Taylor, Richard Rorty, Hubert Dreyfus, Stanley Cavell, Emmanuel Levinas, Alain Badiou, and Gilles Deleuze. His accounts of human existence and being and his critique of technology have inspired theorists in fields as diverse as theology, anthropology, sociology, psychology, political science, and the humanities. This Lexicon provides a comprehensive and accessible guide to Heidegger's notoriously obscure vocabulary. Each entry clearly and concisely defines a key term and explores in depth the meaning of each concept, explaining how it fits into Heidegger's broader philosophical project. With over 220 entries written by the world's leading Heidegger experts, this landmark volume will be indispensable for any student or scholar of Heidegger's work.

Sculpting the Self

Author : Muhammad Umar Faruque
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 0472132628
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (721 download)

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Book Synopsis Sculpting the Self by : Muhammad Umar Faruque

Download or read book Sculpting the Self written by Muhammad Umar Faruque and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2021-08-17 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sculpting the Self addresses “what it means to be human” in a secular, post-Enlightenment world by exploring notions of self and subjectivity in Islamic and non-Islamic philosophical and mystical thought. Alongside detailed analyses of three major Islamic thinkers (Mullā Ṣadrā, Shāh Walī Allāh, and Muhammad Iqbal), this study also situates their writings on selfhood within the wider constellation of related discussions in late modern and contemporary thought, engaging the seminal theoretical insights on the self by William James, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Michel Foucault. This allows the book to develop its inquiry within a spectrum theory of selfhood, incorporating bio-physiological, socio-cultural, and ethico-spiritual modes of discourse and meaning-construction. Weaving together insights from several disciplines such as religious studies, philosophy, anthropology, critical theory, and neuroscience, and arguing against views that narrowly restrict the self to a set of cognitive functions and abilities, this study proposes a multidimensional account of the self that offers new options for addressing central issues in the contemporary world, including spirituality, human flourishing, and meaning in life. This is the first book-length treatment of selfhood in Islamic thought that draws on a wealth of primary source texts in Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Greek, and other languages. Muhammad U. Faruque’s interdisciplinary approach makes a significant contribution to the growing field of cross-cultural dialogue, as it opens up the way for engaging premodern and modern Islamic sources from a contemporary perspective by going beyond the exegesis of historical materials. He initiates a critical conversation between new insights into human nature as developed in neuroscience and modern philosophical literature and millennia-old Islamic perspectives on the self, consciousness, and human flourishing as developed in Islamic philosophical, mystical, and literary traditions.

The Transparency of Things

Author : Rupert Spira
Publisher : Non-Duality
ISBN 13 : 9780955829055
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis The Transparency of Things by : Rupert Spira

Download or read book The Transparency of Things written by Rupert Spira and published by Non-Duality. This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of Rupert's book is to look clearly and simply at the nature of experience, without any attempt to change it. A series of contemplations lead us gently but directly to see that our essential nature is neither a body nor a mind. It is the conscious Presence that is aware of this current experience. As such it is nothing that can be experienced as an object and yet it is undeniably present. However, these contemplations go much further than this. As we take our stand knowingly as this conscious Presence that we always already are, and reconsider the objects of the body, mind and world, we find that they do not simply appear to this Presence, they appear within it. And further exploration reveals that they do not simply appear within this Presence but as this Presence. Finally we are led to see that it is in fact this very Presence itself that takes the shape of our experience from moment to moment whilst always remaining only itself. We see that our experience is and has only ever been one seamless totality with no separate entities or objects anywhere to be found.

Know Thyself

Author : Mitchell S. Green
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317197828
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

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Book Synopsis Know Thyself by : Mitchell S. Green

Download or read book Know Thyself written by Mitchell S. Green and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-28 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Know Thyself: The Value and Limits of Self-Knowledge takes the reader on tour of the nature, value, and limits of self-knowledge. Mitchell S. Green calls on classical sources like Plato and Descartes, 20th-century thinkers like Freud, recent developments in neuroscience and experimental psychology, and even Buddhist philosophy to explore topics at the heart of who we are. The result is an unvarnished look at both the achievements and drawbacks of the many attempts to better know one’s own self. Key topics in this volume include: Knowledge – what it means to know, the link between wisdom and knowledge, and the value of living an "examined life" Personal identity – questions of dualism (the idea that our mind is not only our brain), bodily continuity, and personhood The unconscious — including the kind posited by psychoanalysis as well as the form proposed by recent research on the so-called adaptive unconscious Free will – if we have it, and the recent arguments from neuroscience challenging it Self-misleading – the ways we willfully deceive ourselves, and how this relates to empathy, peer disagreement, implicit bias, and intellectual humility Experimental psychology – considerations on the automaticity of emotion and other cognitive processes, and how they shape us This book is designed to be used in conjunction with the free ‘Know Thyself’ MOOC (massive open online course) created through collaboration of the University of Connecticut's Project on Humility and Conviction in Public Life, and the University of Edinburgh’s Eidyn research centre, and hosted on the Coursera platform (https://www.coursera.org/learn/know-thyself). The book is also suitable as a text for interdisciplinary courses in the philosophy of mind or self-knowledge, and is highly recommended for anyone looking for a short overview of this fascinating topic.