Translating Frantz Fanon Across Continents and Languages

Download Translating Frantz Fanon Across Continents and Languages PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1317217519
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Translating Frantz Fanon Across Continents and Languages by : Kathryn Batchelor

Download or read book Translating Frantz Fanon Across Continents and Languages written by Kathryn Batchelor and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-04-21 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an innovative look at the reception of Frantz Fanon’s texts, investigating how, when, where and why these—especially his seminal Les Damnés de la Terre (1961) —were first translated and read. Building on renewed interest in the author’s works in both postcolonial studies and revolutionary movements in recent years, as well as travelling theory, micro-history and histoire croisée interests in Translation Studies, the volume tells the stories of translations of Fanon’s texts into twelve different languages – Arabic, Danish, English, German, Italian, Norwegian, Persian, Polish, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Swahili and Swedish – bringing both a historical and multilingual perspective to the ways in which Fanon is cited today. With contributions from an international, interdisciplinary group of scholars, the stories told combine themes of movement and place, personal networks and agency, politics and activism, archival research and textual analysis, creating a book that is a fresh and comprehensive volume on the translated works of Frantz Fanon and essential reading for scholars in translation studies, postcolonial studies, cultural studies, critical race studies, and African and African diaspora literature.

Translating Frantz Fanon Across Continents and Languages

Download Translating Frantz Fanon Across Continents and Languages PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317217500
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Translating Frantz Fanon Across Continents and Languages by : Kathryn Batchelor

Download or read book Translating Frantz Fanon Across Continents and Languages written by Kathryn Batchelor and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-04-21 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an innovative look at the reception of Frantz Fanon’s texts, investigating how, when, where and why these—especially his seminal Les Damnés de la Terre (1961) —were first translated and read. Building on renewed interest in the author’s works in both postcolonial studies and revolutionary movements in recent years, as well as travelling theory, micro-history and histoire croisée interests in Translation Studies, the volume tells the stories of translations of Fanon’s texts into twelve different languages – Arabic, Danish, English, German, Italian, Norwegian, Persian, Polish, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Swahili and Swedish – bringing both a historical and multilingual perspective to the ways in which Fanon is cited today. With contributions from an international, interdisciplinary group of scholars, the stories told combine themes of movement and place, personal networks and agency, politics and activism, archival research and textual analysis, creating a book that is a fresh and comprehensive volume on the translated works of Frantz Fanon and essential reading for scholars in translation studies, postcolonial studies, cultural studies, critical race studies, and African and African diaspora literature.

Translation and Paratexts

Download Translation and Paratexts PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351110098
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (511 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Translation and Paratexts by : Kathryn Batchelor

Download or read book Translation and Paratexts written by Kathryn Batchelor and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-16 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the 'thresholds' through which readers and viewers access texts, paratexts have already sparked important scholarship in literary theory, digital studies and media studies. Translation and Paratexts explores the relevance of paratexts for translation studies and provides a framework for further research. Writing in three parts, Kathryn Batchelor first offers a critical overview of recent scholarship, and in the second part introduces three original case studies to demonstrate the importance of paratextual theory. Batchelor interrogates English versions of Nietzsche, Chinese editions of Western translation theory, and examples of subtitled drama in the UK, before concluding with a final part outlining a theory of paratextuality for translation research, addressing questions of terminology and methodology. Translation and Paratexts is essential reading for students and researchers in translation studies, interpreting studies and literary translation.

Frantz Fanon and Emancipatory Social Theory

Download Frantz Fanon and Emancipatory Social Theory PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004409203
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Frantz Fanon and Emancipatory Social Theory by :

Download or read book Frantz Fanon and Emancipatory Social Theory written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-10-01 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Frantz Fanon and Emancipatory Social Theory: A View from the Wretched, Dustin J. Byrd and Seyed Javad Miri bring together a collection of essays by a variety of scholars who explore the lasting influence of Frantz Fanon, psychiatrist, revolutionary, and social theorist. Fanon’s work not only gave voice to the “wretched” in the Algerian War of Independence (1954-1962), but also shaped the radical resistance to colonialism, empire, and racism throughout much of the world. His seminal works, such as Black Skin, White Masks, and The Wretched of the Earth, were read by The Black Panther Party in the United States, anti-imperialists in Africa and Asia, and anti-monarchist revolutionaries in the Middle East. Today, many revolutionaries and scholars have returned to Fanon’s work, as it continues to shed light on the nature of colonial domination, racism, and class oppression. Contributors include: Syed Farid Alatas, Rose Brewer, Dustin J. Byrd, Sean Chabot, Richard Curtis, Nigel C. Gibson, Ali Harfouch, Timothy Kerswell, Seyed Javad Miri, Mumia Abu-Jamal, Pramod K. Nayar, Elena Flores Ruíz, Majid Sharifi, Mohamed Imran Mohamed Taib and Esmaeil Zeiny.

The Routledge Handbook of Translation History

Download The Routledge Handbook of Translation History PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317276078
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Translation History by : Christopher Rundle

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Translation History written by Christopher Rundle and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Translation History presents the first comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of this multi-faceted disciplinary area and serves both as an introduction to carrying out research into translation and interpreting history and as a key point of reference for some of its main theoretical and methodological issues, interdisciplinary approaches, and research themes. The Handbook brings together 30 eminent international scholars from a wide range of disciplinary backgrounds, offering examples of the most innovative research while representing a wide range of approaches, themes, and cultural contexts. The Handbook is divided into four sections: the first looks at some key methodological and theoretical approaches; the second examines some of the key research areas that have developed an interdisciplinary dialogue with translation history; the third looks at translation history from the perspective of specific cultural and religious perspectives; and the fourth offers a selection of case studies on some of the key topics to have emerged in translation and interpreting history over the past 20 years. This Handbook is an indispensable resource for students and researchers of translation and interpreting history, translation theory, and related areas.

The Routledge Handbook of Translation History

Download The Routledge Handbook of Translation History PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131727606X
Total Pages : 493 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Translation History by : Christopher Rundle

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Translation History written by Christopher Rundle and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Translation History presents the first comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of this multi-faceted disciplinary area and serves both as an introduction to carrying out research into translation and interpreting history and as a key point of reference for some of its main theoretical and methodological issues, interdisciplinary approaches, and research themes. The Handbook brings together 30 eminent international scholars from a wide range of disciplinary backgrounds, offering examples of the most innovative research while representing a wide range of approaches, themes, and cultural contexts. The Handbook is divided into four sections: the first looks at some key methodological and theoretical approaches; the second examines some of the key research areas that have developed an interdisciplinary dialogue with translation history; the third looks at translation history from the perspective of specific cultural and religious perspectives; and the fourth offers a selection of case studies on some of the key topics to have emerged in translation and interpreting history over the past 20 years. This Handbook is an indispensable resource for students and researchers of translation and interpreting history, translation theory, and related areas.

Intimate Enemies

Download Intimate Enemies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Liverpool University Press
ISBN 13 : 1781386781
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (813 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Intimate Enemies by : Kathryn Batchelor

Download or read book Intimate Enemies written by Kathryn Batchelor and published by Liverpool University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of translation has become central to postcolonial theory in recent decades. This volume draws together reflections by translators, authors and academics working across Africa, the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean - areas where the linguistic legacies of French colonial operations are long-lasting and complex.

The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Activism

Download The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Activism PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351369830
Total Pages : 572 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Activism by : Rebecca Gould

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Activism written by Rebecca Gould and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-06-02 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Activism provides an accessible, diverse and ground-breaking overview of literary, cultural, and political translation across a range of activist contexts. As the first extended collection to offer perspectives on translation and activism from a global perspective, this handbook includes case studies and histories of oppressed and marginalised people from over twenty different languages. The contributions will make visible the role of translation in promoting and enabling social change, in promoting equality, in fighting discrimination, in supporting human rights, and in challenging autocracy and injustice across the Middle East, Africa, Latin America, East Asia, the US and Europe. With a substantial introduction, thirty-one chapters, and an extensive bibliography, this Handbook is an indispensable resource for all activists, translators, students and researchers of translation and activism within translation and interpreting studies.

Unsettling Translation

Download Unsettling Translation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000583783
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Unsettling Translation by : Mona Baker

Download or read book Unsettling Translation written by Mona Baker and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection engages with translation and interpreting from a diverse but complementary range of perspectives, in dialogue with the seminal work of Theo Hermans. A foundational figure in the field, Hermans’s scholarly engagement with translation spans several key areas, including history of translation, metaphor, norms, ethics, ideology, methodology, and the critical reconceptualization of the positioning of the translator and of translation itself as a social and hermeneutic practice. Those he has mentored or inspired through his lectures and pioneering publications over the years are now household names in the field, with many represented in this volume. They come together here both to critically re-examine translation as a social, political and conceptual site of negotiation and to celebrate his contributions to the field. The volume opens with an extended introduction and personal tribute by the editor, which situates Hermans’s work within the broader development of critical thinking about translation from the 1970s onward. This is followed by five parts, each addressing a theme that has been broadly taken up by Theo Hermans in his own work: translational epistemologies; historicizing translation; performing translation; centres and peripheries; and digital encounters. This is important reading for translation scholars, researchers and advanced students on courses covering key trends and theories in translation studies, and those engaging with the history of the discipline. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Violence, Slavery and Freedom between Hegel and Fanon

Download Violence, Slavery and Freedom between Hegel and Fanon PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Wits University Press
ISBN 13 : 1776146239
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (761 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Violence, Slavery and Freedom between Hegel and Fanon by : Ulrike Kistner

Download or read book Violence, Slavery and Freedom between Hegel and Fanon written by Ulrike Kistner and published by Wits University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A deep dive into the influences of Hegelian thought on the work of revolutionary and postcolonial theorist Frantz Fanon Hegel is most often mentioned – and not without good reason – as one of the paradigmatic exponents of Eurocentrism and racism in Western philosophy. But his thought also played a crucial and formative role in the work of one of the iconic thinkers of the ‘decolonial turn’, Frantz Fanon. This would be inexplicable if it were not for the much-quoted ‘lord-bondsman’ dialectic – frequently referred to as the ‘master-slave dialectic’ – described in Hegel's The Phenomenology of Spirit. Fanon takes up this dialectic negatively in contexts of violence-riven (post-)slavery and colonialism; yet in works such as Black Skin, White Masks and The Wretched of the Earth he upholds a Hegelian-inspired vision of freedom. The essays in this collection offer close readings of Hegel’s text, and of responses to it in the work of twentieth-century philosophers, that highlight the entangled history of the translations, transpositions and transformations of Hegel in the work of Fanon, and more generally in colonial, postcolonial and decolonial contexts.

The Battle for International Law

Download The Battle for International Law PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192589474
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Battle for International Law by : Jochen von Bernstorff

Download or read book The Battle for International Law written by Jochen von Bernstorff and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-22 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides the first comprehensive analysis of international legal debates between 1955 and 1975 related to the formal decolonization process. It is during this era, couched between classic European imperialism and a new form of US-led Western hegemony, that fundamental legal debates took place over a new international legal order for a decolonised world. The book argues that this era presents in essence a battle, a battle that was fought out in particular over the premises and principles of international law by diplomats, lawyers, and scholars. In a moment of relative weakness of European powers, 'newly independent states' and international lawyers from the South fundamentally challenged traditional Western perceptions of international legal structures engaging in fundamental controversies over a new international law. The legal outcomes of this battle have shaped the world we live in today. Contributions from a global set of authors cover contemporary debates on concepts central to the time, such as self-determination, sources and concessions, non-intervention, wars of national liberation, multinational corporations, and the law of the sea. They also discuss influential institutions, such as the United Nations, International Court of Justice, and World Bank. The volume also incorporates contemporary regional approaches to international law in the 'decolonization era' and portraits of important scholars from the Global South.

Frantz Fanon’s Psychotherapeutic Approaches to Clinical Work

Download Frantz Fanon’s Psychotherapeutic Approaches to Clinical Work PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429878222
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Frantz Fanon’s Psychotherapeutic Approaches to Clinical Work by : Lou Turner

Download or read book Frantz Fanon’s Psychotherapeutic Approaches to Clinical Work written by Lou Turner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-12-06 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognizing Frantz Fanon’s remarkable legacy to applied mental health and therapeutic practices which decolonize, humanize, and empower marginalized populations, this text serves as a timely call for research, education, and clinical work to establish and further develop Fanonian approaches and practices. As the first collection to focus on contemporary clinical applications of Fanon’s research and practice, this volume adopts a transnational lens through which to capture the global reach of Fanon’s work. Contributors from Africa, Australia, Europe, and North America offer nuanced insight into historical and theoretical methods, clinical case studies, and community-based innovations to place Fanon’s research and practice in context. Organized into four key areas, including the Historical Significance of Fanon’s Clinical Work; Theory and Fanonian Praxis; Psychotherapeutic and Community Applications; and Action Research, each section of the book reflects an impressive diversity of practices around the world, and considers the role of political and socioeconomic context, structures of gender oppression, racial identities, and their intersection within those practices. A unique manifesto to the ground-breaking and immensely relevant work of Frantz Fanon, this book will be of great interest to graduate and post graduate students, researchers, academics and professionals in counselling psychology, mental health research, and psychotherapy.

Arendt, Fanon and Political Violence in Islam

Download Arendt, Fanon and Political Violence in Islam PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000638987
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Arendt, Fanon and Political Violence in Islam by : Patrycja Sasnal

Download or read book Arendt, Fanon and Political Violence in Islam written by Patrycja Sasnal and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-08 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at contemporary political violence, in the form of jihadism, through the lens of a philosophical polemic between Hannah Arendt and Frantz Fanon: intellectual representatives of the global north and global south. It explores the relationship of Arendt’s thought, mostly as expressed in On Violence (1969), to Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth (1961) and the transposition of that relationship to the contemporary phenomenon of violent Islamic extremism. The book reveals a greater commonality between Fanon and Arendt as well as the universal function of jihadism that satisfies the conditions for political violence, as categorized by Fanon in the global south and Arendt in the global north. Read in tandem, Arendt and Fanon help uncover the fundamental problems of our European, American, Middle Eastern and African political systems as well as north-south relations. By studying political theory, the book finds global political commonalities in a postcolonial reality. Written in an accessible style, this book will be of great interest to undergraduates and graduates in philosophy, political sciences and international relations (IR), sociology and Middle Eastern studies as well as scholars and professionals interested in radicalization; violent extremism; and the foreign policies of European, Middle Eastern and African countries.

Fanon, Education, Action

Download Fanon, Education, Action PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351611410
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Fanon, Education, Action by : Erica Burman

Download or read book Fanon, Education, Action written by Erica Burman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-07-23 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridging childhood studies, pedagogy and educational theory, critical psychology, and postcolonial studies, this unique book reads the role and functions of ‘the child’ and childhood as both cultural motif and as embodied life condition through the work of Frantz Fanon. Based on innovative readings of Fanon and postcolonial cultural studies, the book offers new insights for critical pedagogical and transformative practice in forging crucial links not only between the political and the psychological, but between distress, therapy, and (personal and political) learning and transformation. Structured around four indicative and distinct forms of ‘child’ read from Fanon’s texts (Idiotic, Traumatogenic, Therapeutic, Extemic), the author discusses both educational and therapeutic practices. The pedagogical links the political with the personal, and Fanon’s revolutionary psychoaffective account offers vital resources to inform these. Finally the book presents ‘child as method’ as a new analytical approach by which to read the geopolitical, which shows childhood, education, and critical psychological studies to be key to these at the level of theory, method, and practice. By interrogating contemporary modalities of childhood as modern economic and political tropes, the author offers conceptual and methodological resources for practically engaging with and transforming these. This book will be vital and fascinating reading for students and scholars in psychology, psychoanalysis, education and childhood studies, gender studies, postcolonial studies, and mental health.

Decolonizing Translation

Download Decolonizing Translation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317641140
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Decolonizing Translation by : Kathryn Batchelor

Download or read book Decolonizing Translation written by Kathryn Batchelor and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-04-08 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The linguistically innovative aspect of Francophone African literature has been recognized and studied from a variety of angles over recent decades, yet little attention has been paid to what happens to such literature when it is translated into another language. Taking as its corpus all sub-Saharan Francophone African texts that have ever been published in English, this book explores the ways in which translators approach innovative features such as African-language borrowings, neologisms and other deliberate manipulations of French, depictions of sociolinguistic variation, and a variety of types of wordplay. The implications of their translation decisions are drawn out with reference to the broader significances that are often accorded to postcolonial literature, and earlier critics' calls for a decolonized translation practice are explored from both a practical and theoretical angle. These findings are used to push towards a detailed investigation of the postcolonial turn in translation studies, drawing on the work of key postcolonial theorists such has Homi K. Bhabha and Gayatri Spivak. This is a timely and incisive critical assessment of contemporary discourses on the ethics and politics of translation.

Translation and Race

Download Translation and Race PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 100384684X
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Translation and Race by : Corine Tachtiris

Download or read book Translation and Race written by Corine Tachtiris and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-02-06 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Translation and Race brings together translation studies with critical race studies for a long-overdue reckoning with race and racism in translation theory and practice. This book explores the "unbearable whiteness of translation" in the West that excludes scholars and translators of color from the field and also upholds racial inequities more broadly. Outlining relevant concepts from critical race studies, Translation and Race demonstrates how norms of translation theory and practice in the West actually derive from ideas rooted in white supremacy and other forms of racism. Chapters explore translation’s role in historical processes of racialization, racial capitalism and intellectual property, identity politics and Black translation praxis, the globalization of critical race studies, and ethical strategies for translating racist discourse. Beyond attempts to diversify the field of translation studies and the literary translation profession, this book ultimately calls for a radical transformation of translation theory and practice. This book is crucial reading for advanced students and scholars in translation studies, critical race and ethnic studies, and related areas, as well as for practicing translators.

Into Our Labours

Download Into Our Labours PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Liverpool University Press
ISBN 13 : 1802070664
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Into Our Labours by : Neil Lazarus

Download or read book Into Our Labours written by Neil Lazarus and published by Liverpool University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-15 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Into our Labours explores the literary representation of work across the globe since 1850, setting out to show that the literature of modernity is best understood in the light of the worlding of capitalism. The book proposes that a determinative relation exists between changing modes of work and changes in the forms, genres, and aesthetic strategies of the writing that bears witness to them. Two aspects of the ‘worlding’ of modernity, especially, are emphasised. First, an ‘inaugural’ experience of capitalist social relations, whose literary registration sometimes makes itself known through a crisis of representation, as the forms of space- and time-consciousness demanded by life in contexts in which market-oriented commodity production has become the dominant form of social labour are counterposed with inherited ways of seeing and knowing, now under acute pressure if not already obsolete. Second, a moment corresponding to the consolidation, regularisation and global dispersal of capitalist development. Into Our Labours focuses on the naturalisation of capitalist social relations: forms of sociality and solidarity, ideologies of familialism, individualism and work, relations between the sexes and the generations. Arguing that the only plausible term for the vast body of literary work engendered by the worlding of capitalist social relations is ‘modernist’, the book proposes that it is then important to challenge the still-entrenched Eurocentric understandings of modernism. Modernism is neither originally nor paradigmatically ‘Western’ in provenance; and its temporal parameters are much broader than are usually assumed in modernist studies, extending both backward and forward in time.