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Author : Eric Brice Rasmussen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Transcriptional Control Through Elongational Pausing in Drosophila Melanogaster written by Eric Brice Rasmussen and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Thomas Paul O'Brien
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Role of RNA Polymerase II Pausing in Transcriptional Regulation of Drosophila Genes written by Thomas Paul O'Brien and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Gregory T. Booth
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Fnctional Evolution of Promoter-proximal Pausing Factors in the Regulation of RNA Polymerase II Transcription written by Gregory T. Booth and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Promoter-proximal pausing of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) is now recognized as a ubiquitous mechanism for regulating gene expression in metazoans. By capturing engaged Pol II shortly after transcription initiation, genes are primed for activation of RNA synthesis, enabling cells to rapidly alter global transcription programs. However, despite conservation of many factors involved in establishing this regulatory platform, many eukaryotes do not control gene expression through this process. Here, the examination of the global transcriptional landscape in two distantly related yeast revealed unprecedented divergence in Pol II distributions across genes. Previously undescribed pause-like profiles were identified within promoter-proximal regions of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, that are sensitive to loss of the conserved elongation factor, Spt4. Thus, fission yeast might employ a variant of the system of regulation found in higher eukaryotes In flies and mammals, Pol II arrested within the promoter proximal region of a gene can only be released through the activity of a positive-transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb), composed of kinase (Cdk9) and cyclin (CycT1/2) subunits. Investigating the functional impact of Cdk9 on transcription in fission yeast revealed that, unlike most metazoan systems, Pol II in S. pombe is capable of overcoming the early elongation barrier after kinase inhibition, although not without consequence. However, fission yeast lack the metazoan-specific negative elongation factor complex (NELF) involved in pausing, perhaps limiting their ability to control the release of Pol II through phosphorylation of the elongation complex. Ultimately, by depleting pausing factors from cell lines derived from Drosophila melanogaster, it was tested whether NELF is required for P-TEFb-regulated pause escape. While global transcription is largely unaffected by the loss of NELF, upon inhibition of Cdk9, a significant amount of Pol II is aberrantly released from the pause, suggesting reduced control of this regulation. These findings suggest that NELF may have evolutionarily refined an ancestral promoter-proximal architecture of the transcription elongation complex, giving rise to a novel mechanism for gene regulation.
Author : Stephanie Yee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)
Download or read book Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression in «Drosophila Melanogaster» written by Stephanie Yee and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Post-transcriptional control is a critical determinant of gene expression that acts at the level of the messenger RNA (mRNA), which includes processes such as translational control and RNA localization, and is the focus of this thesis. This regulation is in part dictated by the characteristics of the 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions (UTRs) of the mRNA and the cis-elements they harbour. Translational control can occur at the initiation step where the 5’ cap structure of the mRNA is recognized by the eIF4E, whose activity can be modulated by the eIF4E-binding protein (4E-BP), a repressor of translation. The target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway integrates a plethora of signals and impinges on protein synthesis through its action on 4E-BPs and S6 kinases (S6Ks), two well-characterized targets. The TOR/4E-BP/eIF4E axis is known to regulate the translation of subsets of mRNAs with distinct features in their 5’UTRs. In light of recent work that demonstrated dysregulated translation of specific mRNAs in the brains of mice lacking 4E-BP2 and engendering autism spectrum disorder-like phenotypes, we endeavoured to similarly identify mRNAs regulated by d4E-BP in Drosophila. In Chapter 2, we performed ribosome profiling to identify specific mRNAs that are translationally regulated downstream of d4E-BP in the adult fly head, used as a proxy for the brain. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the corresponding genes of some of the upregulated mRNAs are involved in innate immunity. We determined that upregulated mRNAs possess 5’UTRs that are shorter but more complex. In our effort to validate one of the targets, dS6K, we detected elevated levels of p-RPS6, a readout of dS6K activity, in d4E-BPnull flies. We conclude there are subsets of differentially ribosome-associated mRNAs with distinct 5’UTR features in the d4E-BPnull fly head.Subcellular localization of mRNAs in the Drosophila embryo establishes a molecular asymmetry of maternally-inherited determinants that is essential for its development. Of the hundreds of transcripts that localize to the primordial germ cells at the posterior of the early embryo, only 55 RNAs accumulate around posterior nuclei prior to the development of those cells, termed RNA islands. Many of the genes that encode these mRNAs have established functions in embryonic patterning and germline development. Despite their common destination to RNA islands, a shared localization element has yet to be identified. In Chapter 3, we mapped the localization elements within the 3’UTRs of two transcripts that localize to RNA islands, polar granule component (pgc) and germ cell-less (gcl). Based on deletion mutation analysis, we report that gcl has redundant localization elements, while pgc possesses a localization element in the distal region. We show that the localization of polar granule proteins, Oskar, Tudor and Vasa, and 11 RNAs have conserved posterior localization in Drosophilids. Using recent findings of a sequence motif that contributes to RNA island localization, we found that this motif is enriched in the 3’UTRs of the majority of transcripts that localize in this way. Our data suggests that the RNA island type of posterior localization is an important process for directing the localization of transcripts with key roles in germline development, as highlighted by the many aspects of this process that is conserved"--
Author : Jian Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (82 download)
Download or read book Two Widespread DNA Binding Factors Mediate Differential Regulation of Promoter-proximal Pausing in Drosophila written by Jian Li and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ronald C. Conaway
Publisher : Raven Press (ID)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 600 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Transcription written by Ronald C. Conaway and published by Raven Press (ID). This book was released on 1994 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a coherent account of many productive lines of investigation, organized as a series of mini-reviews that focus on major research areas including studies on the structure and mechanisms of action of bacterial, viral, and eukaryotic RNA polymerases, and the transcription factors that control their activities. Each review provides a brief but up-to-date account of the progress of research in a particular area, a discussion of the major issues and questions driving that research, and a brief description of the evolving approaches and technologies used to address those questions. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Author : Torben Heick Jensen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441978410
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)
Download or read book RNA Exosome written by Torben Heick Jensen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The diversity of RNAs inside living cells is amazing. We have known of the more “classic” RNA species: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA for some time now, but in a steady stream new types of molecules are being described as it is becoming clear that most of the genomic information of cells ends up in RNA. To deal with the enormous load of resulting RNA processing and degradation reactions, cells need adequate and efficient molecular machines. The RNA exosome is arising as a major facilitator to this effect. Structural and functional data gathered over the last decade have illustrated the biochemical importance of this multimeric complex and its many co-factors, revealing its enormous regulatory power. By gathering some of the most prominent researchers in the exosome field, it is the aim of this volume to introduce this fascinating protein complex as well as to give a timely and rich account of its many functions. The exosome was discovered more than a decade ago by Phil Mitchell and David Tollervey by its ability to trim the 3’end of yeast, S. cerevisiae, 5. 8S rRNA. In a historic account they laid out the events surrounding this identification and the subsequent birth of the research field. In the chapter by Kurt Januszyk and Christopher Lima the structural organization of eukaryotic exosomes and their evolutionary counterparts in bacteria and archaea are discussed in large part through presentation of structures.
Author : Renato Paro
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030686701
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)
Download or read book Introduction to Epigenetics written by Renato Paro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease
Author : B. D. Hames
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Transcription and Splicing written by B. D. Hames and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1988 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a co-ordinated review of our present knowledge of eukaryotic RNA synthesis.
Author : Kenneth Berendzen
Publisher : Bentham Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1608054926
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (8 download)
Download or read book The Analysis of Regulatory DNA: Current Developments, Knowledge and Applications Uncovering Gene Regulation written by Kenneth Berendzen and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013-10-29 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major goal of integrative research is understanding regulatory networks to such an extent as to allow researchers to model developmental and stress responses. Regulatory networks of living systems include complex and vast interactions between proteins, metabolites, RNA, various signaling molecules and DNA. One aspect of systems biology is understanding the dynamics of protein-DNA interactions affecting gene expression that are caused by transcription factors (TFs) and chromatin remodeling factors. This e-book provides a resource for summarizing current knowledge eukaryotic transcription and explores cis-elements and methods for their analysis, prediction and discovery. The book also presents an overview of exploring gene regulatory networks, chromatin, and miRNAs. Information about state-of-the-art techniques for the determination of TF - cis-element interactions in vivo and in silico give cutting edge insights on how genomic-scale research is being approached. The Analysis of Regulatory DNA provides readers with both the necessary background knowledge and provocative, up-to-date insights aimed at sparking new and vibrant experimental designs for understanding and predicting cis-elements in the eukaryotic genome.
Author : Peter Csermely
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387399755
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (873 download)
Download or read book Molecular Aspects of the Stress Response: Chaperones, Membranes and Networks written by Peter Csermely and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-09 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book makes a novel synthesis of the molecular aspects of the stress response and long term adaptation processes with the system biology approach of biological networks. Authored by an exciting mixture of top experts and young rising stars, it provides a comprehensive summary of the field and identifies future trends.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1044 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1044 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Akira Nakai
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 4431558527
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)
Download or read book Heat Shock Factor written by Akira Nakai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-06 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a large amount of information related to the heat shock response and heat shock factor (HSF), describes core observations about molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological roles, and provides fundamental concepts on the basis of information from diverse aspects. This adaptive response to high temperature or protein misfolding is a fundamental mechanism to maintain the capacity of protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, and is evolutionally conserved among all living organisms, including bacteria and humans, on the earth. Furthermore, physiological and pathological roles of HSF have been extensively studied in fruit fly, worm, and mouse models. It has been revealed that HSF plays roles in development of the brain, reproductive and sensory organs, and in ageing, inflammation, and circadian rhythm. Analysis of the mechanisms have uncovered that HSF exerts a wide range of effects on gene expression and epigenetic status on the whole genome. Moreover, loss or gain of HSF function is also closely related to protein-misfolding diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric diseases, heart diseases, and cancers. Therefore, HSF is now thought to be a promising therapeutic target for treatment of these refractory diseases. For undergraduate students, this is a highly understandable source of information on heart shock response and HSF, covering the basis of HSF biology, the physiological role of HSF, and disease associated with HSF function. This book not only serves as a guide to the heat shock response and HSF for students and young researchers in other fields, but also is a cornerstone for future work in the field related to the heat shock response and HSF.
Author : Albert J. Courey
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1444300458
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)
Download or read book Mechanisms in Transcriptional Regulation written by Albert J. Courey and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-01-22 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanisms in Transcriptional Regulation provides a concisediscussion of the fundamental concepts in transcription and itsregulation. Covers RNA polymerases, transcriptional machinery, mechanismsof transcriptional activation, the histone code hypothesis, theepigenetic control of transcription, and combinatorial control insignaling and development Features over 80 figures available to download online Chapters include comprehensive reading lists, boxeshighlighting theoretical concepts and experimental methods andproblems designed to build and test understanding
Author : M.R.S. Rao
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811052034
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Long Non Coding RNA Biology written by M.R.S. Rao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-16 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This contributed volume offers a comprehensive and detailed overview of the various aspects of long non-coding RNAs and discusses their emerging significance. Written by leading experts in the field, it motivates young researchers around the globe, and offers graduate and postgraduate students fascinating insights into genes and their regulation in eukaryotes and higher organisms.
Author : Ata Abbas
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889766578
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)
Download or read book Epigenetic and Transcriptional Dysregulations in Cancer and Therapeutic Opportunities written by Ata Abbas and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-07-29 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Rita Sattler
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331989689X
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (198 download)
Download or read book RNA Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Rita Sattler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-18 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has become evident over the last years that abnormalities in RNA processing play a fundamental part in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Cellular viability depends on proper regulation of RNA metabolism and subsequent protein synthesis, which requires the interplay of many processes including transcription, pre--‐mRNA splicing, mRNA editing as well as mRNA stability, transport and translation. Dysfunction in any of these processes, often caused by mutations in the coding and non--‐ coding RNAs, can be very destructive to the cellular environment and consequently impair neural viability. The result of this RNA toxicity can lead to a toxic gain of function or a loss of function, depending on the nature of the mutation. For example, in repeat expansion disorders, such as the newly discovered hexanucleotide repeat expansion in theC9orf72 gene found in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a toxic gain of function leads to the formation of RNA foci and the sequestration of RNA binding proteins (RBPs). This in return leads to a loss of function of those RBPs, which is hypothesized to play a significant part in the disease progression of ALS and FTD. Other toxicities arising from repeat expansions are the formation of RNA foci, bi--‐directional transcription and production of repeat associated non--‐ATG (RAN) translation products. This book will touch upon most of these disease mechanisms triggered by aberrant RNA metabolism and will therefore provide a broad perspective of the role of RNA processing and its dysfunction in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, including ALS, FTD, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, spinal muscular atrophy, myotonic dystrophy and ataxias. The proposed authors are leading scientists in the field and are expected to not only discuss their own work, but to be inclusive of historic as well as late breaking discoveries. The compiled chapters will therefore provide a unique collection of novel studies and hypotheses aimed to describe the consequences of altered RNA processing events and its newest molecular players and pathways.
