Trade Wind Cloud Evolution Observed By Polarization Radar Relationship To Aerosol Characteristics

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Trade Wind Cloud Evolution Observed by Polarization Radar: Relationship to Aerosol Characteristics

Author : Hilary A. Minor
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (776 download)

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Book Synopsis Trade Wind Cloud Evolution Observed by Polarization Radar: Relationship to Aerosol Characteristics by : Hilary A. Minor

Download or read book Trade Wind Cloud Evolution Observed by Polarization Radar: Relationship to Aerosol Characteristics written by Hilary A. Minor and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the classical unsolved problems in cloud physics is the explanation of the observed short time between initial cloud formation and the onset of precipitation in warm clouds. Although a time interval of about 20 minutes is often quoted for initiation of warm rainfall, few field observations have carefully defined the starting or ending times of trade-wind cumuli development. The goals of this research are to: 1) investigate the characteristic time and height of warm rain formation in trade-wind cumulus using radar and 2) determine the sensitivity of precipitation development in shallow maritime cumuli to variations in giant (sea salt) condensation nuclei (GCN) and other factors such as cloud organization. The microphysical evolution of trade wind cumuli, focusing on the potential role of giant nuclei in influencing the ZDR signal, is characterized using data collected by the National Center for Atmospheric Research S-Pol radar during the Rain In Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) field campaign. The analyzed data set consists of 76 trade wind cumuli, observed over six days of the field project, that have been tracked from early echo development through rainout. Analysis days were chosen based on the results of Colon-Robles et al. (2006) which show GCN concentrations are a strong function of near-surface wind speed. Days were chosen to insure a wind range of low-level wind speeds. Each cloud was analyzed with a time-height section approach that displays the spatial and temporal evolution of the maximum radar reflectivity factor (Zm) and differential reflectivity (ZDRm) within each constant-elevation angle sweepfile, and the correlation between these two fields. Other measures used for the time-height analysis include 'averaged' Z (AZ) and ZDR (AZDR), values which are calculated for entire constant-elevation angle sweeps through the cloud. A statistical analysis of the radar observables for the ensemble of trade wind clouds is performed in order to determine if there is a statistically significant difference in the precipitation evolution that can be related to the initial giant aerosol concentration. Our results show a great deal of temporal variability in warm rain development. Warm rain was observed over a wide time range, from within 30 minutes of cloud formation to as long as 170 minutes after cloud formation. The data showed a large amount of spread in both the characteristic time and height for warm rain formation, indicating giant nuclei have a minimal influence on warm rain development. Rather, our results and the statistics imply that precipitation formation in warm clouds is heavily influenced by cloud organization and dynamics. It was found that giant nuclei do influence the rain drop size distributions as larger drops were present above cloud base when the giant nuclei concentrations below cloud base were greater. The Z and ZDR fields show better temporal and spatial correlation when the giant nuclei concentrations were greater as well.

Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation Interactions in the Trade Wind Boundary Layer

Author : Eunsil Jung
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation Interactions in the Trade Wind Boundary Layer by : Eunsil Jung

Download or read book Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation Interactions in the Trade Wind Boundary Layer written by Eunsil Jung and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation includes an overview of aerosol, cloud, and precipitation properties associated with shallow marine cumulus clouds observed during the Barbados Aerosol Cloud Experiment (BACEX, March-April 2010) and a discussion of their interactions. The principal observing platform for the experiment was the Cooperative Institute for Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter (TO) research aircraft that was equipped with aerosol, cloud, and precipitation probes, standard meteorological instruments, and a up-looking cloud radar. The temporal variations and vertical distributions of aerosols observed on the 15 flights show a wide range of aerosol conditions that include the most intense African dust event observed at the Barbados surface site during all of 2010. An average CCN varied from 50 cm-3 to 800 cm-3 at super-saturation of 0.6 %, for example. The 10-day backward trajectories show that three distinctive air masses (originality of air mass as well as the vertical structure) dominate over the Eastern Caribbean (e.g., typical maritime air mass, Saharan Air Layer (SAL), Middle latitude dry air) with characteristic aerosol vertical structures. Many clouds in various phases of growth during BACEX are sampled. The maximum cloud depth observed is about less than 3 km and in most of the clouds is less than 1 km. Two types of precipitation features were observed for the shallow marine cumulus clouds with different impacts on boundary layer. In one, precipitation shafts are observed to emanate from the cloud base with evaporation in the sub-cloud layer (stabilize the sub-cloud layer). In the other, precipitation shafts emanate mainly near the cloud top on the downshear side of the cloud and evaporate in the cloud layer, leading to destabilizing the cloud layer and providing moisture to the layer. Only 42-44 % of clouds sampled were purely non-precipitating throughout the clouds; the remainder of the clouds showed precipitation somewhere in the cloud, predominantly closer to the cloud top. The relationship between aerosol (Na), cloud droplets (Nd), and precipitation rates (R) is addressed to explore aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions. A robust increase in Nd with increase in aerosol concentrations is documented. Further, a strong linear relation between sub-cloud CCN and cloud-base Nd is observed in updrafts. The sensitivity of Nd to changes in vertical velocity perturbations w ́ (i.e., dlnNd /dlnw ́), is greater in the regimes of high aerosol concentrations, suggesting a slight increase in updrafts (or w ́) in polluted conditions can lead to greater increases in Nd. Suppression of precipitation with aerosol is a common feature during BACEX. To quantify this decrease of precipitation toward higher aerosol concentration, the sensitivity of precipitation to changes in aerosol (i.e., precipitation susceptibility S0 ) is examined. S0 exhibits three regimes and peaks at intermediate range of cloud thickness. Further, the removal of Nd , due to the rain (wet scavenging), makes susceptibility stronger overall. In addition to the aerosol feeding clouds from the sub-cloud layer, small cumuli can alter the aerosol properties of their immediate environment through cloud and precipitation processes. In the warm cumuli studied, the depletion of aerosols near cloud field (so-called cloud halos/shell regimes) are notable, and the reduction of aerosols is more significant in precipitating clouds compared with non-and/or light-precipitating clouds. The modification of boundary layer aerosol by cloud processes is also explored. The comparisons of the thermodynamic structures observed over Africa with those at Barbados indicate that layers below the SAL are moistened by surface fluxes and convective processes as the air masses are advected across the Atlantic over 7-10 days.

Microphysical Properties of Aerosol Particles in the Trade Wind Regime and Their Influence on the Number Concentration of Activated Particles in Trade Wind Cumulus Clouds

Download Microphysical Properties of Aerosol Particles in the Trade Wind Regime and Their Influence on the Number Concentration of Activated Particles in Trade Wind Cumulus Clouds PDF Online Free

Author : Florian Ditas
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)

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Book Synopsis Microphysical Properties of Aerosol Particles in the Trade Wind Regime and Their Influence on the Number Concentration of Activated Particles in Trade Wind Cumulus Clouds by : Florian Ditas

Download or read book Microphysical Properties of Aerosol Particles in the Trade Wind Regime and Their Influence on the Number Concentration of Activated Particles in Trade Wind Cumulus Clouds written by Florian Ditas and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Observed Correlations Between Aerosol and Cloud Properties in an Indian Ocean Trade Cumulus Regime

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (957 download)

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Book Synopsis Observed Correlations Between Aerosol and Cloud Properties in an Indian Ocean Trade Cumulus Regime by :

Download or read book Observed Correlations Between Aerosol and Cloud Properties in an Indian Ocean Trade Cumulus Regime written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1572 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Short Course in Cloud Physics

Author : M.K. Yau
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080570941
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis A Short Course in Cloud Physics by : M.K. Yau

Download or read book A Short Course in Cloud Physics written by M.K. Yau and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-05-15 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers essential parts of cloud and precipitation physics and has been extensively rewritten with over 60 new illustrations and many new and up to date references. Many current topics are covered such as mesoscale meteorology, radar cloud studies and numerical cloud modelling, and topics from the second edition, such as severe storms, precipitation processes and large scale aspects of cloud physics, have been revised. Problems are included as examples and to supplement the text.

Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309492432
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and understand our planet, and to predict future behavior to the extent possible, in order to effectively manage resources, successfully respond to threats from natural and human-induced environmental change, and capitalize on the opportunities â€" social, economic, security, and more â€" that such knowledge can bring. By continuously monitoring and exploring Earth, developing a deep understanding of its evolving behavior, and characterizing the processes that shape and reshape the environment in which we live, we not only advance knowledge and basic discovery about our planet, but we further develop the foundation upon which benefits to society are built. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space (National Academies Press, 2018) provides detailed guidance on how relevant federal agencies can ensure that the United States receives the maximum benefit from its investments in Earth observations from space, while operating within realistic cost constraints. This short booklet, designed to be accessible to the general public, provides a summary of the key ideas and recommendations from the full decadal survey report.

An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology

Author : Roland B. Stull
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9789027727695
Total Pages : 688 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology by : Roland B. Stull

Download or read book An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology written by Roland B. Stull and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1988-07-31 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of the excitement in boundary-layer meteorology is the challenge associated with turbulent flow - one of the unsolved problems in classical physics. An additional attraction of the filed is the rich diversity of topics and research methods that are collected under the umbrella-term of boundary-layer meteorology. The flavor of the challenges and the excitement associated with the study of the atmospheric boundary layer are captured in this textbook. Fundamental concepts and mathematics are presented prior to their use, physical interpretations of the terms in equations are given, sample data are shown, examples are solved, and exercises are included. The work should also be considered as a major reference and as a review of the literature, since it includes tables of parameterizatlons, procedures, filed experiments, useful constants, and graphs of various phenomena under a variety of conditions. It is assumed that the work will be used at the beginning graduate level for students with an undergraduate background in meteorology, but the author envisions, and has catered for, a heterogeneity in the background and experience of his readers.

Climate Intervention

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309314852
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Intervention by : National Research Council

Download or read book Climate Intervention written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-06-23 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing problem of changing environmental conditions caused by climate destabilization is well recognized as one of the defining issues of our time. The root problem is greenhouse gas emissions, and the fundamental solution is curbing those emissions. Climate geoengineering has often been considered to be a "last-ditch" response to climate change, to be used only if climate change damage should produce extreme hardship. Although the likelihood of eventually needing to resort to these efforts grows with every year of inaction on emissions control, there is a lack of information on these ways of potentially intervening in the climate system. As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses albedo modification - changing the fraction of incoming solar radiation that reaches the surface. This approach would deliberately modify the energy budget of Earth to produce a cooling designed to compensate for some of the effects of warming associated with greenhouse gas increases. The prospect of large-scale albedo modification raises political and governance issues at national and global levels, as well as ethical concerns. Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth discusses some of the social, political, and legal issues surrounding these proposed techniques. It is far easier to modify Earth's albedo than to determine whether it should be done or what the consequences might be of such an action. One serious concern is that such an action could be unilaterally undertaken by a small nation or smaller entity for its own benefit without international sanction and regardless of international consequences. Transparency in discussing this subject is critical. In the spirit of that transparency, Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth was based on peer-reviewed literature and the judgments of the authoring committee; no new research was done as part of this study and all data and information used are from entirely open sources. By helping to bring light to this topic area, this book will help leaders to be far more knowledgeable about the consequences of albedo modification approaches before they face a decision whether or not to use them.

Atmospheric Aerosols

Author : Olivier Boucher
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9401796491
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Atmospheric Aerosols by : Olivier Boucher

Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosols written by Olivier Boucher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-18 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook aims to be a one stop shop for those interested in aerosols and their impact on the climate system. It starts with some fundamentals on atmospheric aerosols, atmospheric radiation and cloud physics, then goes into techniques used for in-situ and remote sensing measurements of aerosols, data assimilation, and discusses aerosol-radiation interactions, aerosol-cloud interactions and the multiple impacts of aerosols on the climate system. The book aims to engage those interested in aerosols and their impacts on the climate system: graduate and PhD students, but also post-doctorate fellows who are new to the field or would like to broaden their knowledge. The book includes exercises at the end of most chapters. Atmospheric aerosols are small (microscopic) particles in suspension in the atmosphere, which play multiple roles in the climate system. They interact with the energy budget through scattering and absorption of solar and terrestrial radiation. They also serve as cloud condensation and ice nuclei with impacts on the formation, evolution and properties of clouds. Finally aerosols also interact with some biogeochemical cycles. Anthropogenic emissions of aerosols are responsible for a cooling effect that has masked part of the warming due to the increased greenhouse effect since pre-industrial time. Natural aerosols also respond to climate changes as shown by observations of past climates and modelling of the future climate.

Microwave Remote Sensing: Microwave remote sensing fundamentals and radiometry

Author : Fawwaz Tayssir Ulaby
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780890061909
Total Pages : 2162 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (619 download)

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Book Synopsis Microwave Remote Sensing: Microwave remote sensing fundamentals and radiometry by : Fawwaz Tayssir Ulaby

Download or read book Microwave Remote Sensing: Microwave remote sensing fundamentals and radiometry written by Fawwaz Tayssir Ulaby and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 2162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Mixed-Phase Clouds

Author : Constantin Andronache
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 012810550X
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Mixed-Phase Clouds by : Constantin Andronache

Download or read book Mixed-Phase Clouds written by Constantin Andronache and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixed-Phase Clouds: Observations and Modeling presents advanced research topics on mixed-phase clouds. As the societal impacts of extreme weather and its forecasting grow, there is a continuous need to refine atmospheric observations, techniques and numerical models. Understanding the role of clouds in the atmosphere is increasingly vital for current applications, such as prediction and prevention of aircraft icing, weather modification, and the assessment of the effects of cloud phase partition in climate models. This book provides the essential information needed to address these problems with a focus on current observations, simulations and applications. Provides in-depth knowledge and simulation of mixed-phase clouds over many regions of Earth, explaining their role in weather and climate Features current research examples and case studies, including those on advanced research methods from authors with experience in both academia and the industry Discusses the latest advances in this subject area, providing the reader with access to best practices for remote sensing and numerical modeling

Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Conditions for Wind Energy Applications

Author : Charlotte Bay Hasager
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3038979422
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (389 download)

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Book Synopsis Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Conditions for Wind Energy Applications by : Charlotte Bay Hasager

Download or read book Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Conditions for Wind Energy Applications written by Charlotte Bay Hasager and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-05-24 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue “Atmospheric Conditions for Wind Energy Applications” hosts papers on aspects of remote sensing for atmospheric conditions for wind energy applications. Wind lidar technology is presented from a theoretical view on the coherent focused Doppler lidar principles. Furthermore, wind lidar for applied use for wind turbine control, wind farm wake, and gust characterizations is presented, as well as methods to reduce uncertainty when using lidar in complex terrain. Wind lidar observations are used to validate numerical model results. Wind Doppler lidar mounted on aircraft used for observing winds in hurricane conditions and Doppler radar on the ground used for very short-term wind forecasting are presented. For the offshore environment, floating lidar data processing is presented as well as an experiment with wind-profiling lidar on a ferry for model validation. Assessments of wind resources in the coastal zone using wind-profiling lidar and global wind maps using satellite data are presented.

The Atmosphere and Climate of Mars

Author : Robert M. Haberle
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110817938X
Total Pages : 613 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis The Atmosphere and Climate of Mars by : Robert M. Haberle

Download or read book The Atmosphere and Climate of Mars written by Robert M. Haberle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-29 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humanity has long been fascinated by the planet Mars. Was its climate ever conducive to life? What is the atmosphere like today and why did it change so dramatically over time? Eleven spacecraft have successfully flown to Mars since the Viking mission of the 1970s and early 1980s. These orbiters, landers and rovers have generated vast amounts of data that now span a Martian decade (roughly eighteen years). This new volume brings together the many new ideas about the atmosphere and climate system that have emerged, including the complex interplay of the volatile and dust cycles, the atmosphere-surface interactions that connect them over time, and the diversity of the planet's environment and its complex history. Including tutorials and explanations of complicated ideas, students, researchers and non-specialists alike are able to use this resource to gain a thorough and up-to-date understanding of this most Earth-like of planetary neighbours.

Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements

Author : Thomas Foken
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030521710
Total Pages : 1761 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements by : Thomas Foken

Download or read book Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements written by Thomas Foken and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 1761 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical handbook provides a clearly structured, concise and comprehensive account of the huge variety of atmospheric and related measurements relevant to meteorologists and for the purpose of weather forecasting and climate research, but also to the practitioner in the wider field of environmental physics and ecology. The Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements is divided into six parts: The first part offers instructive descriptions of the basics of atmospheric measurements and the multitude of their influencing factors, fundamentals of quality control and standardization, as well as equations and tables of atmospheric, water, and soil quantities. The subsequent parts present classical in-situ measurements as well as remote sensing techniques from both ground-based as well as airborn or satellite-based methods. The next part focusses on complex measurements and methods that integrate different techniques to establish more holistic data. Brief discussions of measurements in soils and water, at plants, in urban and rural environments and for renewable energies demonstrate the potential of such applications. The final part provides an overview of atmospheric and ecological networks. Written by distinguished experts from academia and industry, each of the 64 chapters provides in-depth discussions of the available devices with their specifications, aspects of quality control, maintenance as well as their potential for the future. A large number of thoroughly compiled tables of physical quantities, sensors and system characteristics make this handbook a unique, universal and useful reference for the practitioner and absolutely essential for researchers, students, and technicians.

Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions

Author : Peter V. Hobbs
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080959962
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions by : Peter V. Hobbs

Download or read book Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions written by Peter V. Hobbs and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1993-07-22 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol and clouds play important roles in determining the earth's climate, in ways that we are only beginning to comprehend. In conjunction with molecular scattering from gases, aerosol and clouds determine in part what fraction of solar radiation reaches the earth's surface, and what fraction of the longwave radiation from the earth escapes to space. This book provides an overview of the latest research on atmospheric aerosol and clouds and their effects on global climate. Subjects reviewed include the direct and indirect effects of aerosol on climate, the radiative properties of clouds and their effects on the Earth's radiation balance, the incorporation of cloud effects in numerical weather prediction models, and stratospheric aerosol and clouds.

Airborne Measurements for Environmental Research

Author : Manfred Wendisch
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527653236
Total Pages : 659 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Airborne Measurements for Environmental Research by : Manfred Wendisch

Download or read book Airborne Measurements for Environmental Research written by Manfred Wendisch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-22 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first comprehensive review of airborne measurement principles covers all atmospheric components and surface parameters. It describes the common techniques to characterize aerosol particles and cloud/precipitation elements, while also explaining radiation quantities and pertinent hyperspectral and active remote sensing measurement techniques along the way. As a result, the major principles of operation are introduced and exemplified using specific instruments, treating both classic and emerging measurement techniques. The two editors head an international community of eminent scientists, all of them accepted and experienced specialists in their field, who help readers to understand specific problems related to airborne research, such as immanent uncertainties and limitations. They also provide guidance on the suitability of instruments to measure certain parameters and to select the correct type of device. While primarily intended for climate, geophysical and atmospheric researchers, its relevance to solar system objects makes this work equally appealing to astronomers studying atmospheres of solar system bodies with telescopes and space probes.