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Trade Before Civilization
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Book Synopsis Trade before Civilization by : Johan Ling
Download or read book Trade before Civilization written by Johan Ling and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-09-15 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade before Civilization explores the role that long-distance exchange played in the establishment and/or maintenance of social complexity, and its role in the transformation of societies from egalitarian to non-egalitarian. Bringing together research by an international and methodologically diverse team of scholars, it analyses the relationship between long-distance trade and the rise of inequality. The volume illustrates how elites used exotic prestige goods to enhance and maintain their elevated social positions in society. Global in scope, it offers case studies of early societies and sites in Europe, Asia, Oceania, North America, and Mesoamerica. Deploying a range of inter-disciplinary and cutting-edge theoretical approaches from a cross-cultural framework, the volume offers new insights and enhances our understanding of socio-political evolution. It will appeal to archaeologists, cultural anthropologists, conflict theorists, and ethnohistorians, as well as economists seeking to understand the nexus between imported luxury items and cultural evolution.
Book Synopsis Trade and Civilisation by : Kristian Kristiansen
Download or read book Trade and Civilisation written by Kristian Kristiansen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-05 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides the first global analysis of the relationship between trade and civilisation from the beginning of civilisation until the modern era.
Book Synopsis Ancient Civilization and Trade by : Jeremy A. Sabloff
Download or read book Ancient Civilization and Trade written by Jeremy A. Sabloff and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Trade before Civilization by : Johan Ling
Download or read book Trade before Civilization written by Johan Ling and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-09-15 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade before Civilization explores the role that long-distance exchange played in the establishment and/or maintenance of social complexity, and its role in the transformation of societies from egalitarian to non-egalitarian. Bringing together research by an international and methodologically diverse team of scholars, it analyses the relationship between long-distance trade and the rise of inequality. The volume illustrates how elites used exotic prestige goods to enhance and maintain their elevated social positions in society. Global in scope, it offers case studies of early societies and sites in Europe, Asia, Oceania, North America, and Mesoamerica. Deploying a range of inter-disciplinary and cutting-edge theoretical approaches from a cross-cultural framework, the volume offers new insights and enhances our understanding of socio-political evolution. It will appeal to archaeologists, cultural anthropologists, conflict theorists, and ethnohistorians, as well as economists seeking to understand the nexus between imported luxury items and cultural evolution.
Book Synopsis Trade and Civilisation in the Indian Ocean by : K. N. Chaudhuri
Download or read book Trade and Civilisation in the Indian Ocean written by K. N. Chaudhuri and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1985-03-07 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before the age of Industrial Revolution, the great Asian civilisations constituted areas not only of high culture but also of advanced economic development.
Book Synopsis Premodern Trade in World History by : Richard L. Smith
Download or read book Premodern Trade in World History written by Richard L. Smith and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-08-18 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade and commerce are among the oldest, most pervasive, and most important of human activities, serving as engines for change in many other human endeavors. This far-reaching study examines the key theme of trading in world history, from the earliest signs of trade until the long-distance trade systems such as the famous Silk Road were firmly established. Beginning with a general background on the mechanism of trade, Richard L. Smith addresses such basic issues as how and why people trade, and what purpose trade serves. The book then traces the development of long-distance trade, from its beginnings in the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods through early river valley civilizations and the rise of great empires, to the evolution of vast trade systems that tied different zones together. Topics covered include: • products that were traded and why; • the relationship between political authorities and trade; • the rise and fall of Bronze Age commerce; • the development of a maritime system centered on the Indian Ocean stretching from the Mediterranean to the South China Sea; • the integration of China into the world system and the creation of the Silk Road; • the transition to a modern commercial system. Complete with maps for clear visual illustration, this vital contribution to the study of World History brings the story of trade in the premodern period vividly to life.
Book Synopsis World Trade and Biological Exchanges Before 1492 by : John L. Sorenson
Download or read book World Trade and Biological Exchanges Before 1492 written by John L. Sorenson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People moved into America very early across the Bering Strait. By the fifth millennia B.C.E. tropical sailors brought diseases to America and took plants and animals in both directions. Long before Columbus, tropical sailors carefully selected crops from New World highlands and shorelines, wet and dry climates, and took them to the Old World where they were grown in appropriate environments. Medicinal and psychedelic plants were traded and maintained in Egypt and Peru during separate, 1,400-year periods. This implies that maritime trade was continuous. In this groundbreaking book, learn about: ● 84 plants that were taken from the Americas to the Old World. ● What plants and animals were brought to the Americas. ● Why world trade was essential for transfer of so many. ● Interconnectedness of civilizations had to result from world trade. ● Dating of 18 species by archaeology with radio carbon shows dispersal. ● And much more! Plants, diseases, and animals from America were distributed throughout the world, across the oceans before 1492. It is time for scientists, teachers, and students to reconsider their beliefs about the early history of civilization with World Trade and Biological Exchanges Before 1492. ABOUT THE AUTHORS: John L. Sorenson is an emeritus professor of anthropology at Brigham Young University. He earned a doctorate in archeology from UCLA. Carl L. Johannessen is an emeritus professor of biogeography at the University of Oregon. He earned a doctorate in geography from the University of California at Berkeley.
Book Synopsis War Before Civilization by : Lawrence H. Keeley
Download or read book War Before Civilization written by Lawrence H. Keeley and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1997-12-18 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The myth of the peace-loving "noble savage" is persistent and pernicious. Indeed, for the last fifty years, most popular and scholarly works have agreed that prehistoric warfare was rare, harmless, unimportant, and, like smallpox, a disease of civilized societies alone. Prehistoric warfare, according to this view, was little more than a ritualized game, where casualties were limited and the effects of aggression relatively mild. Lawrence Keeley's groundbreaking War Before Civilization offers a devastating rebuttal to such comfortable myths and debunks the notion that warfare was introduced to primitive societies through contact with civilization (an idea he denounces as "the pacification of the past"). Building on much fascinating archeological and historical research and offering an astute comparison of warfare in civilized and prehistoric societies, from modern European states to the Plains Indians of North America, War Before Civilization convincingly demonstrates that prehistoric warfare was in fact more deadly, more frequent, and more ruthless than modern war. To support this point, Keeley provides a wide-ranging look at warfare and brutality in the prehistoric world. He reveals, for instance, that prehistorical tactics favoring raids and ambushes, as opposed to formal battles, often yielded a high death-rate; that adult males falling into the hands of their enemies were almost universally killed; and that surprise raids seldom spared even women and children. Keeley cites evidence of ancient massacres in many areas of the world, including the discovery in South Dakota of a prehistoric mass grave containing the remains of over 500 scalped and mutilated men, women, and children (a slaughter that took place a century and a half before the arrival of Columbus). In addition, Keeley surveys the prevalence of looting, destruction, and trophy-taking in all kinds of warfare and again finds little moral distinction between ancient warriors and civilized armies. Finally, and perhaps most controversially, he examines the evidence of cannibalism among some preliterate peoples. Keeley is a seasoned writer and his book is packed with vivid, eye-opening details (for instance, that the homicide rate of prehistoric Illinois villagers may have exceeded that of the modern United States by some 70 times). But he also goes beyond grisly facts to address the larger moral and philosophical issues raised by his work. What are the causes of war? Are human beings inherently violent? How can we ensure peace in our own time? Challenging some of our most dearly held beliefs, Keeley's conclusions are bound to stir controversy.
Book Synopsis The Triangle of Trade by : Z.S. Andrew Demirdjian Ph.D.
Download or read book The Triangle of Trade written by Z.S. Andrew Demirdjian Ph.D. and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2010-10-16 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Triangle of Trade in the Cradle of Civilization interestingly presents Mesopotamia as the supermarket of the ancient world. Although Sumeria was the nerve center for international trade, it had to import most everything from northern Mesopotamia, namely Armenia. Why have not the Armenians claimed their rightful place among the nations of Mesopotamia? The historical maze of humankind is fraught with mysteries, controversies, and inconsistencies.
Book Synopsis Greeks Overseas 4th Edition by : John Boardman
Download or read book Greeks Overseas 4th Edition written by John Boardman and published by National Geographic Books. This book was released on 2011-05-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A masterly summary.”—The Times Literary Supplement The spread of Greek civilization through Europe and into Africa and the Near East began long before the full flowering of Classical Greek culture. The Greeks Overseas vividly demonstrates the value of archaeology in reconstructing one of the most important formative periods of European history. Out of the Dark Ages of reduced population and comparative penury, the Greeks set their sails north, south, east, and west to plant trading posts and colonies, to reap whatever harvest of materials and expertise the barbarians could offer, and to disseminate the benefits of their own rapidly developing and brilliant civilization. Reviewing the first edition in 1965, The Times Literary Supplement described it as "a masterly summary of a subject that is constantly in need of reappraisal." This fourth edition adds a chapter summarizing new finds and exploring the new attitudes that have affected the study of the subject in the past forty years. The spread of Greek civilization through Europe and into Africa and the Near East began long before the classical period, long after Troy, Mycenae, and Knossos had fallen. This study gives an archaeologist’s view of one of the most important periods of European history, describing how, out of a time of reduced population and comparative penury, the Greeks set their sails north, south, east, and west to plant trading posts and colonies, to reap whatever harvest of materials and expertise the barbarian could offer, and to disseminate the benefits of their own rapidly developing and brilliant civilization. The book vividly demonstrates the value of archaeology to the historical record and indicates how much the arts and culture of classical Greece already owed to foreign influences.
Book Synopsis Nomads of the Mediterranean: Trade and Contact in the Bronze and Iron Ages by : Ayelet Gilboa
Download or read book Nomads of the Mediterranean: Trade and Contact in the Bronze and Iron Ages written by Ayelet Gilboa and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-09-07 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three millennia of cross-Mediterranean bonds are revealed by 18 expert summaries in this book, shedding light on environmental factors; the formation of harbors; gateways; commodities; cultural impact; and the way to interpret the agents such as Canaanites, "Sea Peoples," Phoenicians and pirates.
Book Synopsis Trade and Letters by : William Anderson Scott
Download or read book Trade and Letters written by William Anderson Scott and published by . This book was released on 1856 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The World that Trade Created by : Kenneth Pomeranz
Download or read book The World that Trade Created written by Kenneth Pomeranz and published by M.E. Sharpe. This book was released on 2006 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are railroad tracks separated by the same four feet, eight inches as ancient Roman roads? How did 19th-century Europeans turn mountains of bird excrement from Peru into mountains of gold? The answers to these tantalizing questions and dozens more will be revealed.
Book Synopsis Trading Encounters by : Shereen Ratnagar
Download or read book Trading Encounters written by Shereen Ratnagar and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the commerce and trade materials between Middle East and Indus civilization in 3rd century B.C.; a study.
Download or read book Trade in the Ancient World written by and published by . This book was released on 2020-05-12 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Includes pictures *Includes a bibliography for further reading The story of the Silk Road has been a popular topic amongst tourists, academics, economists, state parties, and daydreaming children for many centuries. In many ways the Silk Road can be seen everywhere, and it has existed for as long as people have traveled across Eurasia. Its impact is widely felt among the diverse peoples that live on the continent, through the unique regional art and architectural styles, as well as in countless films, books, academic studies, and organized tours devoted to the ancient trade routes. The concept of international trade was born in the ancient Mediterranean, which provided the perfect set of circumstances needed to produce an intricate trading system whose influence can still be seen in present-day economic practices. The ancient Mediterranean was home to a diverse range of cultures and landscapes, encompassing deserts, forests, islands and fertile plains. Different natural resources were available in different geographical areas, and with the advent of sailing ships around 3000 BCE, people were suddenly able to travel much further afield than ever before. This created an opportunity to trade local resources in international markets in exchange for exotic goods not available at home. At the same time, this shift in Mediterranean trade from a local to international scale was a catalyst for immense social, political and economic changes that helped to shape the course of Western Civilization as a whole. Starting with the Egyptians and Minoans around 3000 BCE until the decline of the Roman Empire at the end of the 5th century CE, ancient trade in the Mediterranean brought cultures into increasingly close contact with one another, and just as in the globalized world today, these cross-cultural influences came to shape the development of belief systems, languages, economics, politics, and art throughout wide expanses of land. Traders introduced foreign goods, but also foreign ideas and new methods of expression, and they in turn took new ideas home with them from the places they visited. Sometimes these mutual exchanges make it difficult to determine whether a particular process or idea originated from the buyers or the sellers, and in some cases the meeting of disparate cultures produced entirely new ideas unique from anything that existed in either culture prior to their interaction with one another. At the same time, interactions with foreign peoples also brought about new ways of viewing one's own identity. Ancient cultures could now be more clearly defined in terms of their differences from other distinct cultures. This sense of distance between the self and the "other" helped form national and communal identities, made famous by the ancient Greek identification of non-Greeks as "barbarians." Over the centuries, the profits generated from trade helped establish wealthy nations and fuel economic development across the sea. By taxing imports and exports, governments could afford large infrastructure projects, like the construction of roads and harbors, which in turn helped to further increase trade and wealth. As a result, wars were fought for control of important trade routes and to maintain access to crucial commodities such as grain and precious metals. Economics became a primary consideration when establishing government policies and dealing with international relations. Some cities, most notably Rome and Athens, even built empires on the back of their mercantile success. Trade in the Ancient World: The History and Legacy of Trade in Europe, the Near East, and Africa during Antiquity examines how the trade routes formed and developed, the goods involved, and the impact the trade routes had on Europe, the Near East, and Africa. Along with pictures depicting important people, places, and events, you will learn about ancient Mediterranean trade like never before.
Book Synopsis Trade and Markets in Harappan Civilization | By Pearson by : Jignesh
Download or read book Trade and Markets in Harappan Civilization | By Pearson written by Jignesh and published by Pearson Education India. This book was released on with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade and markets are the twin engines that lead to the creation and growth of not only the empires, but also the great civilizations from the times immemorial. Having firm faith in the growth of markets for economic development, we decided to explore whe
Book Synopsis Trade and Letters Their Journeyings Round the World. Three Discources, Delivered Before the Mercantile Library Association of San Francisco, and Published at the Request of the Association by : W A Scott
Download or read book Trade and Letters Their Journeyings Round the World. Three Discources, Delivered Before the Mercantile Library Association of San Francisco, and Published at the Request of the Association written by W A Scott and published by Palala Press. This book was released on 2016-05-10 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
