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Toxic Volatile Organic Compounds In Environmental Tobacco Smoke Emission Factors For Modeling Exposure Of California Populations
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Book Synopsis Toxic Volatile Organic Compounds in Environmental Tobacco Smoke by :
Download or read book Toxic Volatile Organic Compounds in Environmental Tobacco Smoke written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary objective of this study was to measure emission factors for selected toxic air in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) using a room-sized environmental chamber. The emissions of 23 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including 1,3-butadiene, three aldehydes and two vapor-phase N-nitrosarnines were determined for six commercial brands of cigarettes and reference cigarette 1R4F. The commercial brands were selected to represent 62.5% of the cigarettes smoked in California. For each brand, three cigarettes were machine smoked in the chamber. The experiments were conducted over four hours to investigate the effects of aging. Emission factors of the target compounds were also determined for sidestream smoke (SS). For almost all target compounds, the ETS emission factors were significantly higher than the corresponding SS values probably due to less favorable combustion conditions and wall losses in the SS apparatus. Where valid comparisons could be made, the ETS emission factors were generally in good agreement with the literature. Therefore, the ETS emission factors, rather than the SS values, are recommended for use in models to estimate population exposures from this source. The variabilities in the emission factors (pgkigarette) of the selected toxic air contaminants among brands, expressed as coefficients of variation, were 16 to 29%. Therefore, emissions among brands were generally similar. Differences among brands were related to the smoked lengths of the cigarettes and the masses of consumed tobacco. Mentholation and whether a cigarette was classified as light or regular did not significantly affect emissions. Aging was determined not to be a significant factor for the target compounds. There were, however, deposition losses of the less volatile compounds to chamber surfaces.
Book Synopsis Toxic Volatile Organic Compounds in Environmental Tobacco Smoke by : J. M. Daisey
Download or read book Toxic Volatile Organic Compounds in Environmental Tobacco Smoke written by J. M. Daisey and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Toxic Volatile Organic Compounds in Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Emission Factors for Modeling Exposure of California Populations by :
Download or read book Toxic Volatile Organic Compounds in Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Emission Factors for Modeling Exposure of California Populations written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessing Exposure to Air Toxicants from Environmental Tobacco Smoke by :
Download or read book Assessing Exposure to Air Toxicants from Environmental Tobacco Smoke written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :728 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease by : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Book Synopsis Proposed Identification of Environmental Tobacco Smoke as a Toxic Air Contaminant ... as Approved by the Scientific Review Panel on June 24, 2005: Exposure assessment by :
Download or read book Proposed Identification of Environmental Tobacco Smoke as a Toxic Air Contaminant ... as Approved by the Scientific Review Panel on June 24, 2005: Exposure assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke by :
Download or read book The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Surgeon General's report returns to the topic of the health effects of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. The last comprehensive review of this evidence by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) was in the 1986 Surgeon General's report, The Health Consequences of Involuntary Smoking, published 20 years ago this year. This new report updates the evidence of the harmful effects of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. This large body of research findings is captured in an accompanying dynamic database that profiles key epidemiologic findings, and allows the evidence on health effects of exposure to tobacco smoke to be synthesized and updated (following the format of the 2004 report, The Health Consequences of Smoking). The database enables users to explore the data and studies supporting the conclusions in the report. The database is available on the Web site of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco.
Book Synopsis The Chemistry of Environmental Tobacco Smoke by : Roger A. Jenkins
Download or read book The Chemistry of Environmental Tobacco Smoke written by Roger A. Jenkins and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-03-30 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considered the definitive resource in its field, The Chemistry of Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Composition and Measurement compiles observations on the properties of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) and on the concentrations of its constituents in indoor air. It focuses on common natural indoor environments and environments associated with chronic exposure. The authors -- all renowned experts -- stress both measurement methods and the competing sources of indoor air contaminants commonly attributed to ETS. For the second edition, each chapter has been updated to reflect new studies and up-to-date information.
Book Synopsis The Chemistry of Environmental Tobacco Smoke by : Roger A. Jenkins
Download or read book The Chemistry of Environmental Tobacco Smoke written by Roger A. Jenkins and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-03-30 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by experts in the field, The Chemistry of Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Composition and Measurement, Second Edition compiles data on the properties of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) and on concentrations of its constituents in indoor air. The authors focus on common natural indoor environments and environments associated with chronic exposure. They stress measurement methods and competing sources of indoor air contaminants commonly attributed to ETS.
Book Synopsis Model Estimates of the Contributions of Environmental Tobacco Smoke to Volatile Organic Compound Exposures in Office Buildings by :
Download or read book Model Estimates of the Contributions of Environmental Tobacco Smoke to Volatile Organic Compound Exposures in Office Buildings written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volatile organic compounds (VOC) in office buildings originate from multiple sources, such as outdoor air, building materials, occupants, office supplies, and office equipment. Many of the VOC found in office buildings are also present in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), e.g., benzene, toluene, formaldehyde. Measurements made to date in Office buildings have been interpreted by some to imply that the contributions to ETS to VOC exposures in office buildings are small. Four different ventilation-infiltration scenarios were modeled for a typical office building. The purpose of this investigation was to provide first-order estimate of the range of contributions of ETS to VOC contributions in office buildings under various ventilation conditions through the use of a mass-balance model and to evaluate the significance of such contributions relative to the VOC concentration measured in office buildings. 25 refs., 1 fig., 4 tabs.
Book Synopsis Clearing the Air by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Clearing the Air written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-05-24 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since about 1980, asthma prevalence and asthma-related hospitalizations and deaths have increased substantially, especially among children. Of particular concern is the high mortality rate among African Americans with asthma. Recent studies have suggested that indoor exposuresâ€"to dust mites, cockroaches, mold, pet dander, tobacco smoke, and other biological and chemical pollutantsâ€"may influence the disease course of asthma. To ensure an appropriate response, public health and education officials have sought a science-based assessment of asthma and its relationship to indoor air exposures. Clearing the Air meets this need. This book examines how indoor pollutants contribute to asthmaâ€"its causation, prevalence, triggering, and severity. The committee discusses asthma among the general population and in sensitive subpopulations including children, low-income individuals, and urban residents. Based on the most current findings, the book also evaluates the scientific basis for mitigating the effects of indoor air pollutants implicated in asthma. The committee identifies priorities for public health policy, public education outreach, preventive intervention, and further research.
Book Synopsis Environmental Health Perspectives by :
Download or read book Environmental Health Perspectives written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessing Exposure to Air Toxicants from Environmental Tobacco Smoke by : Shelly L. Miller
Download or read book Assessing Exposure to Air Toxicants from Environmental Tobacco Smoke written by Shelly L. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2000-11-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estimates the contribution of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) to the exposure of nonsmoking Californians for 17 of the toxic air contam. known to be emitted from burning tobacco. This study: (1) determines the freq. dist. of exposure to selected toxic air contam. from ETS; (2) determines the proportion of total exposure to air toxics that can be attributed to ETS for selected compounds over the period 1984-90; (3) explores the relative amounts of exposure in the workplace and other public spaces vs. exposure in residential settings; (4) predicts the impact of changes in smoking policy and smoking behavior on exposures to ETS-derived toxic air contam.
Book Synopsis Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-02-21 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data suggest that exposure to secondhand smoke can result in heart disease in nonsmoking adults. Recently, progress has been made in reducing involuntary exposure to secondhand smoke through legislation banning smoking in workplaces, restaurants, and other public places. The effect of legislation to ban smoking and its effects on the cardiovascular health of nonsmoking adults, however, remains a question. Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects reviews available scientific literature to assess the relationship between secondhand smoke exposure and acute coronary events. The authors, experts in secondhand smoke exposure and toxicology, clinical cardiology, epidemiology, and statistics, find that there is about a 25 to 30 percent increase in the risk of coronary heart disease from exposure to secondhand smoke. Their findings agree with the 2006 Surgeon General's Report conclusion that there are increased risks of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality among men and women exposed to secondhand smoke. However, the authors note that the evidence for determining the magnitude of the relationship between chronic secondhand smoke exposure and coronary heart disease is not very strong. Public health professionals will rely upon Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects for its survey of critical epidemiological studies on the effects of smoking bans and evidence of links between secondhand smoke exposure and cardiovascular events, as well as its findings and recommendations.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Health Effects of Toxic Air Pollutants in a Southern California Community by : Ralph J. Delfino
Download or read book Evaluation of Health Effects of Toxic Air Pollutants in a Southern California Community written by Ralph J. Delfino and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality by :
Download or read book WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.
Download or read book EPA-600/6 written by and published by . This book was released on 1989-11 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
