Towards The Syrian Nightmare The Critical Situation In Syria And Possible Scenarios

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The Struggle For Life Between Borders: Syrian Refugees

Author : Mehmet Güçer
Publisher : International Strategic Research Organization (USAK)
ISBN 13 : 6054030841
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (54 download)

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Book Synopsis The Struggle For Life Between Borders: Syrian Refugees by : Mehmet Güçer

Download or read book The Struggle For Life Between Borders: Syrian Refugees written by Mehmet Güçer and published by International Strategic Research Organization (USAK). This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before long, the voice of the Tunisian youth was heard and found supporters not only in its own country but also in neighboring countries with similar characteristics. The riots spread in waves. The protests which began in Tunisia and later spread to Egypt, Libya, and other Arab countries were referred to as the “Arab Spring,” and the subsequent regime changes they caused in these countries were closely observed in the international community. This multivariable equation was viewed primarily as a political issue in the international arena. That is, until the riots in Syria transformed into clashes. The reverberations of the Arab Spring in Syria gradually manifested themselves as a huge humanitarian crisis due to the harsh crackdowns by the Assad regime. Eventually, a group of 252 Syrians broke through the wire fence on the border of Hatay’s Yayladağı district on the evening of Friday, 29 April 2011, to enter Turkey and request asylum, putting the question “do we have a refugee crisis on our hands?” on Turkey’s agenda. Turkey’s Syrian refugee issue, which began with 252 people in April 2011, has since acquired a new degree of magnitude with the more than 500,000 Syrians in Turkey today. The bigger picture including Syria’s neighbors is even more alarming: the number of Syrians who’ve fled their country due to the ongoing civil war in Syria since March 2011 is over one million. United Nations (UN) sources estimate that there are at least 4.6 million internally-displaced people within Syria, though according to some Syrian sources, the figure is closer to seven million. An estimated 7,000 people flee to neighboring countries daily. Moreover, the UN estimates that by the end of 2013, the number of Syrians in Turkey alone will reach one million.

Syria and the Neutrality Trap

Author : Carsten Wieland
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0755641418
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (556 download)

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Book Synopsis Syria and the Neutrality Trap by : Carsten Wieland

Download or read book Syria and the Neutrality Trap written by Carsten Wieland and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-05-20 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Syrian war has been an example of the abuse and insufficient delivery of humanitarian assistance. According to international practice, humanitarian aid should be channelled through a state government that bears a particular responsibility for its population. Yet in Syria, the bulk of relief went through Damascus while the regime caused the vast majority of civilian deaths. Should the UN have severed its cooperation with the government and neglected its humanitarian duty to help all people in need? Decision-makers face these tough policy dilemmas, and often the “neutrality trap” snaps shut. This book discusses the political and moral considerations of how to respond to a brutal and complex crisis while adhering to international law and practice. The author, a scholar and senior diplomat involved in the UN peace talks in Geneva, draws from first-hand diplomatic, practitioner and UN sources. He sheds light on the UN's credibility crisis and the wider implications for the development of international humanitarian and human rights law. This includes covering the key questions asked by Western diplomats, NGOs and international organizations, such as: Why did the UN not confront the Syrian government more boldly? Was it not only legally correct but also morally justifiable to deliver humanitarian aid to regime areas where rockets were launched and warplanes started? Why was it so difficult to render cross-border aid possible where it was badly needed? The meticulous account of current international practice is both insightful and disturbing. It tackles the painful lessons learnt and provides recommendations for future challenges where politics fails and humanitarians fill the moral void.

The Great Power Struggle for Africa The Crisis in Mali

Author : Fouad Farhaoui
Publisher : International Strategic Research Organization (USAK)
ISBN 13 : 6054030833
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (54 download)

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Book Synopsis The Great Power Struggle for Africa The Crisis in Mali by : Fouad Farhaoui

Download or read book The Great Power Struggle for Africa The Crisis in Mali written by Fouad Farhaoui and published by International Strategic Research Organization (USAK). This book was released on with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The crisis is an outgrowth of the colonial period which had strained and eventually torn the social fabrics of the region. French colonial policies regarding education, administration, an economics had contributed to a competitive and divisive atmosphere. Now, Mali suffers from widespread ethnic separatism. The socialist regime of newly-indepenent Mali failed to reconcile the alienated communities of the northern regions. The peoples of the south, too, were dissatisfied with their oppressive government–something which deepend the young country’s political crisis. This environment produced the so-called “Tuareg rebellion”. The fierce clashes in the early stages of the rebellion and the drought in Mali’s northern regions led to massive migrations of Tuaregs to neighbouring countries. Changes in the regional environment in the 1990s brought new dimensions to the crisis. The Algerian Civil War, the end to the war in Afghanistan, and the Libyan embargo precipitated the spread of terrorism, trafficking, the drug trade, and cross-border criminal networks. Collectively, these phenomena created a new constellation of power in northern Mali. The international economic crisis and the developments known as the “Arab Spring”, along with shifting geo-strategic dynamics in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, have pushed Africa into an arena for international disputes and rivalries. Mali has been one of the foremost countries to be affected. Transformations at the global level have pressured most governments to defend their traditional interests. Some powers, in contrast, have been scanning for openings and opportunities in the weaknesses of others. BRICS have thus managed to emerge as new powers on the African continent traditionally dominated by France, the U.K., and to a lesser extent, the U.S.

Turkey-U.S. Relations: Towards a Multidimensional Partnership

Author : Mehmet Yegin
Publisher : International Strategic Research Organization (USAK)
ISBN 13 : 6054030787
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (54 download)

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Book Synopsis Turkey-U.S. Relations: Towards a Multidimensional Partnership by : Mehmet Yegin

Download or read book Turkey-U.S. Relations: Towards a Multidimensional Partnership written by Mehmet Yegin and published by International Strategic Research Organization (USAK). This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are delighted to introduce the recent report of USAK Center for American Studies, “Turkey-U.S. Relations: Towards a Multidimensional Partnerhip” that examines Turkey-U.S. relations with regard to key actors in U.S. domestic policy and their perspectives about Turkey, theoretically discusses the regional approaches in Turkey-U.S. relations based on their own dynamics, and finally emphasizes the economic and social dimensions of Turkey-U.S. relations. Unlike other studies on Turkey-U.S. relations, report not only focuses on the historical background of the bilateral relations but also the economic and social dimensions of the relations as well as the parameters, which determine the approaches of the two states towards regional issues, are the focal points of this report. The report is divided into three parts. In the first part, the general foreign policy tendencies of key actors in U.S. domestic policy and their perspectives concerning Turkey are scrutinized. Brief information about the role of these actors in the U.S. foreign policy is provided. Then, the foreign policy approaches of the American people and Congress are examined. The first part wrap up with an exposition of Obama’s foreign policy team and their tendencies. The second part of the report begins by explaining the regional approaches in Turkey-U.S. relations on a theoretical level, followed by the economic dimension of the bilateral relations and the risks posed by excluding Turkey from Transatlantic Trade and ınvestment Partnership of U.S. and EU. The nature and purpose of recent Turkey-U.S. diplomacy is discussed. The lack of social trust is addressed. The second part ends by exploring the potential for cooperation found in elite relations and Turkish lobbies in Washington. The report’s conclusion has some suggestions for Turkish foreign policy. Based on the findings from the first two sections, the conclusion provides suggestions for Turkey on the steps that it needs to take in its foreign policy in general and particularly in its relations with the U.S.

Mauritania and Newly Emerging Economies in Africa Turkey and China

Author : Fouad Farhaoui
Publisher : International Strategic Research Organization (USAK)
ISBN 13 : 6054030825
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (54 download)

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Book Synopsis Mauritania and Newly Emerging Economies in Africa Turkey and China by : Fouad Farhaoui

Download or read book Mauritania and Newly Emerging Economies in Africa Turkey and China written by Fouad Farhaoui and published by International Strategic Research Organization (USAK). This book was released on 2013-07-01 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are delighted to introduce the latest USAK Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies report, “Mauritania and Newly Emerging Economies in Africa; Turkey and China”, which evaluates Mauritanian relations with Turkey and China, two increasingly dominant actors in this country. After laying out the country’s profile from various perspectives, the report chronicles the overall progress of economic and political relations between Turkey and Mauritania, as well as making a review of relations in the areas of military and national security. The question of how economic relations with Turkey can be further developed is also discussed separately. The report which lays out the various economic resources of the country that trigger the interests of emerging powers has also a separate section on China, which has continually extended its political, cultural and economic spheres of influence in all over Africa. In this sense, the report also provides a brief and valuable analysis of Mauritania’s relations with China. This section is important in the sense of providing a yardstick to see in a comparative manner how much Turkey’s relations with Mauritania have in fact developed.

Destroying a Nation

Author : Nikolaos Van Dam
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1786732483
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis Destroying a Nation by : Nikolaos Van Dam

Download or read book Destroying a Nation written by Nikolaos Van Dam and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-07-30 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the Arab Spring, Syria descended into civil and sectarian conflict. It has since become a fractured warzone which operates as a breeding ground for new terrorist movements including ISIS as well as the root cause of the greatest refugee crisis in modern history. In this important book, former Special Envoy of the Netherlands to Syria, Nikolaos van Dam, explains the recent history of Syria, covering the growing disenchantment with the Asad regime, the chaos of civil war and the fractures which led to an immense amount of destruction in the refined social fabric of what used to be the Syrian nation. Through an in-depth examination, van Dam traces political developments within the Asad regime and the various opposition groups from the Arab Spring to the present day, and provides a deeper insight into the conflict and the possibilities and obstacles for reaching a political solution.

Preventing Chemical Weapons

Author : Michael Crowley
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1788014723
Total Pages : 672 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Preventing Chemical Weapons by : Michael Crowley

Download or read book Preventing Chemical Weapons written by Michael Crowley and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-08-20 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The life and chemical sciences are in the midst of a period of rapid and revolutionary transformation that will undoubtedly bring societal benefits but also have potentially malign applications, notably in the development of chemical weapons. Such concerns are exacerbated by the unstable international security environment and the changing nature of armed conflict, which could fuel a desire by certain States to retain and use existing chemical weapons, as well as increase State interest in creating new weapons; whilst a broader range of actors may seek to employ diverse toxic chemicals as improvised weapons. Stark indications of the multi-faceted dangers we face can be seen in the chemical weapons attacks against civilians and combatants in Iraq and Syria, and also in more targeted chemical assassination operations in Malaysia and the UK. Using a multi-disciplinary approach, and drawing upon an international group of experts, this book analyses current and likely near-future advances in relevant science and technology, assessing the risks of their misuse. The book examines the current capabilities, limitations and failures of the existing international arms control and disarmament architecture – notably the Chemical Weapons Convention – in preventing the development and use of chemical weapons. Through the employment of a novel Holistic Arms Control methodology, the authors also look beyond the bounds of such treaties, to explore the full range of international law, international agreements and regulatory mechanisms potentially applicable to weapons employing toxic chemical agents, in order to develop recommendations for more effective routes to combat their proliferation and misuse. A particular emphasis is given to the roles that chemical and life scientists, health professionals and wider informed activist civil society can play in protecting the prohibition against poison and chemical weapons; and in working with States to build effective and responsive measures to ensure that the rapid scientific and technological advances are safeguarded from hostile use and are instead employed for the benefit of us all.

Surviving the War in Syria

Author : Justin Schon
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108842518
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Surviving the War in Syria by : Justin Schon

Download or read book Surviving the War in Syria written by Justin Schon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demonstrates how civilian behaviour in conflict zones involves repertoires of survival strategies, not just migration.

The Syrian War

Author : Hili Mudriḳ-Even Ḥen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108487807
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis The Syrian War by : Hili Mudriḳ-Even Ḥen

Download or read book The Syrian War written by Hili Mudriḳ-Even Ḥen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-09 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique collaboration providing an analysis of the conflict in Syria, focusing on the integration between legal and political studies.

The Alawis of Syria

Author : Michael Kerr
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190613424
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis The Alawis of Syria by : Michael Kerr

Download or read book The Alawis of Syria written by Michael Kerr and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-12 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the turbulent history of the Levant the 'Alawis - a secretive, resilient and ancient Muslim sect - have aroused suspicion and animosity, including accusations of religious heresy. More recently they have been tarred with the brush of political separatism and complicity in the excesses of the Assad regime, claims that have gained greater traction since the onset of the Syrian uprising and subsequent devastating civil war. The contributors to this book provide a complex and nuanced reading of Syria's 'Alawi communities -from loyalist gangs (Shabiha) to outspoken critics of the regime. Drawing upon wide-ranging research that examines the historic, political and social dynamics of the 'Alawi and the Syrian state, the current tensions are scrutinised and fresh insights offered. Among the themes addressed are religious practice, social identities, and relations to the Ba'ath party, the Syrian state and the military apparatus. The analysis also extends to Lebanon with a focus on the embattled 'Alawi community of Jabal Mohsen in Tripoli and state relations with Hizballah amid the current crisis.

Inside Syria

Author : Reese Erlich
Publisher : Prometheus Books
ISBN 13 : 1633882365
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (338 download)

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Book Synopsis Inside Syria by : Reese Erlich

Download or read book Inside Syria written by Reese Erlich and published by Prometheus Books. This book was released on 2016-09-20 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on first-hand reporting from Syria and Washington, journalist Reese Erlich unravels the complex dynamics underlying the Syrian civil war. Through vivid, on-the-ground accounts and interviews with both rebel leaders and Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, Erlich gives the reader a better understanding of this momentous power struggle and why it matters. Through his many contacts inside Syria, the author reveals who is supporting Assad and why; he describes the agendas of the rebel factions; and he depicts in stark terms the dire plight of many ordinary Syrian people caught in the cross-fire. The book also provides insights into the role of the Kurds, the continuing influence of Iran, and the policies of American leaders who seem interested only in protecting US regional interests. Disturbing and enlightening at once, this timely book shows you not only what is happening inside Syria but why it is so important for the Middle East, the US, and the world.

The Syrian Crisis

Author : Dania Koleilat Khatib
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811550506
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis The Syrian Crisis by : Dania Koleilat Khatib

Download or read book The Syrian Crisis written by Dania Koleilat Khatib and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-20 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the impact and relevance of the Syrian crisis on regional and international relations. Developing into a proxy war, the Syrian crisis has been a battleground for regional dominance. It has also created an opportunity for new states to emerge on the world affairs scene. Russia, for instance, had been keeping a low profile since the fall of the Soviet Union, but took a leading role in the Syrian crisis reasserting itself against the West regionally. The Syrian crisis has also been a catalyst in reshaping many interstate relations and allowing countries such as Russia, Iran, Turkey and China to play an increasingly important geopolitical role. There have been many international ramifications to the Syrian crisis. While the crisis led to an Iranian-Russian rapprochement, it was also a catalyst to more cooperation between Russia and Saudi Arabia; more importantly, it also forced states with opposing views about the crisis -- Turkey, Iran and Russia -- to forge an alliance. Further, the crisis created tensions between the US and Turkey with China on the one hand balancing its interests between the Gulf and Iran whilst focusing on its ambitious Belt and Road Initiative and trying on the other hand to contain Islamic militancy in Syria. The book looks at issues that are usually ignored when discussing Syria such as the strategic control over its hydrocarbon resources, as well as the power of propaganda in portraying realities. It features the use of non-state actors by regional competing powers and the role of local councils in stabilizing the country. The edited volume brings together contributions by authors with different backgrounds who present conflicting views reflecting the divergence between the various stakeholders about the Syrian crisis.

Routledge Library Editions: Syria

Author : Various Authors
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135039879
Total Pages : 828 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Routledge Library Editions: Syria by : Various Authors

Download or read book Routledge Library Editions: Syria written by Various Authors and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-03-01 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Routledge Library Editions: Syria brings together as one set, or individual volumes, a series of previously out-of-print classics from a variety of academic imprints. With a variety of titles covering Syria's politics, history and culture, this set provides in one place a wealth of important reference sources from a wide range of authors expert in the field.

Iran Nuclear Accord and the Remaking of the Middle East

Author : Nader Entessar
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1442271280
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Iran Nuclear Accord and the Remaking of the Middle East by : Nader Entessar

Download or read book Iran Nuclear Accord and the Remaking of the Middle East written by Nader Entessar and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2017-12-20 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Entessar & Afrasiabi’s Iran Nuclear Negotiations (Rowman & Littlefied, October 2015) offered a thorough analysis of the negotiation process between Iran and the 5+1 great powers about its nuclear program. This book essentially builds upon it, focusing this time on the final nuclear agreement, the ensuing debates around it, and its global and regional ramifications especially in the Middle East. The first section analyzes the agreement through the prism of international relations theories, using a constructivist-critical theory approach. This is followed by an overview of the intense debates in Iran, the West, and other parts of the world, on the nuclear agreement and its various pros and cons, not to mention the connected, yet separate Iran-IAEA agreement. The second section covers Iran’s foreign policy and its various priorities, looking in particular at the impact of the nuclear deal on the country’s external relations and orientations, contextualized in terms of pre-existing issues and concerns and the profound influence of the nuclear agreement on the perceptions of Iranian power in the region and beyond. Iran’s relations with its Arab, Turkish, Russian, and other neighbors are discussed, focusing on both the direct and indirect impact of the nuclear agreement on these relations, especially the paradoxical implications of the nuclear deal with respect to the non-nuclear crises in the Middle East, such as the Syria-Iraq crisis, and the re-alignments that have put Iran at the crossroads of East and West. Other issues covered include energy security, regional economic cooperation, the endemic sectarianism highlighted by Iran-Saudi competition, and the deadlock on the Middle East peace process. The third section then examines the issue of a Middle East nuclear weapons-free zone and the likely consequences of the Iran nuclear deal on this prospect, which, in turn, raises the issue of regional proliferation and counterproliferation. The last section explores some possible various scenarios and the challenges of implementation as a relatively long-term agreement, providing specific policy recommendations for the regional actors and the external powers that are stakeholders in the volatile Middle East.

Containing Arab Nationalism

Author : Salim Yaqub
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 0807876275
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Containing Arab Nationalism by : Salim Yaqub

Download or read book Containing Arab Nationalism written by Salim Yaqub and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2005-10-12 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under the Eisenhower Doctrine, the United States pledged to give increased economic and military aid to receptive Middle Eastern countries and to protect--with U.S. armed forces if necessary--the territorial integrity and political independence of these nations from the threat of "international Communism." Salim Yaqub demonstrates that although the United States officially aimed to protect the Middle East from Soviet encroachment, the Eisenhower Doctrine had the unspoken mission of containing the radical Arab nationalism of Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser, whom Eisenhower regarded as an unwitting agent of Soviet expansionism. By offering aid and protection, the Eisenhower administration hoped to convince a majority of Arab governments to side openly with the West in the Cold War, thus isolating Nasser and decreasing the likelihood that the Middle East would fall under Soviet domination. Employing a wide range of recently declassified Egyptian, British, and American archival sources, Yaqub offers a dynamic and comprehensive account of Eisenhower's efforts to counter Nasserism's appeal throughout the Arab Middle East. Challenging interpretations of U.S.-Arab relations that emphasize cultural antipathies and clashing values, Yaqub instead argues that the political dispute between the United States and the Nasserist movement occurred within a shared moral framework--a pattern that continues to characterize U.S.-Arab controversies today.

Cultures of Migration

Author : Jeffrey H. Cohen
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 0292726856
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (927 download)

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Book Synopsis Cultures of Migration by : Jeffrey H. Cohen

Download or read book Cultures of Migration written by Jeffrey H. Cohen and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2011-09-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Around the globe, people leave their homes to better themselves, to satisfy needs, and to care for their families. They also migrate to escape undesirable conditions, ranging from a lack of economic opportunities to violent conflicts at home or in the community. Most studies of migration have analyzed the topic at either the macro level of national and global economic and political forces, or the micro level of the psychology of individual migrants. Few studies have examined the "culture of migration"—that is, the cultural beliefs and social patterns that influence people to move. Cultures of Migration combines anthropological and geographical sensibilities, as well as sociological and economic models, to explore the household-level decision-making process that prompts migration. The authors draw their examples not only from their previous studies of Mexican Oaxacans and Turkish Kurds but also from migrants from Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, the Pacific, and many parts of Asia. They examine social, economic, and political factors that can induce a household to decide to send members abroad, along with the cultural beliefs and traditions that can limit migration. The authors look at both transnational and internal migrations, and at shorter- and longer-term stays in the receiving location. They also consider the effect that migration has on those who remain behind. The authors' "culture of migration" model adds an important new dimension to our understanding of the cultural beliefs and social patterns associated with migration and will help specialists better respond to increasing human mobility.

The Consequences of Chaos

Author : Elizabeth G. Ferris
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815729529
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis The Consequences of Chaos by : Elizabeth G. Ferris

Download or read book The Consequences of Chaos written by Elizabeth G. Ferris and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2016-04-05 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The massive dimensions of Syria's refugee crisis—and the search for solutions The civil war in Syria has forced some 10 million people—more than half the country's population—from their homes and communities, creating one of the largest human displacements since the end of World War II. Daily headlines testify to their plight, both within Syria and in the countries to which they have fled. The Consequences of Chaos looks beyond the ever-increasing numbers of Syria's uprooted to consider the long-term economic, political, and social implications of this massive movement of people. Neighboring countries hosting thousands or even millions of refugees, Western governments called upon to provide financial assistance and even new homes for the refugees, regional and international organizations struggling to cope with the demands for food and shelter—all have found the Syria crisis to be overwhelming in its challenges. And the challenges of finding solutions for those displaced by the conflict are likely to continue for years, perhaps even for decades. The Syrian displacement crisis raises fundamental questions about the relationship between action to resolve conflicts and humanitarian aid to assist the victims and demonstrates the limits of humanitarian response, even on a massive scale, to resolve political crises. The increasingly protracted nature of the crisis also raises the need for the international community to think beyond just relief assistance and adopt developmental policies to help refugees become productive members of their host communities.