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Three Essays On Socioeconomic Inequality
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Book Synopsis Three Essays on Socioeconomic Inequality by : Sungoh Kwon
Download or read book Three Essays on Socioeconomic Inequality written by Sungoh Kwon and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation investigates three different sources of inequality and policy tools to deal with the issues. The first chapter examines whether an increase in public school spending can enhance equality of opportunity as measured by intergenerational mobility. To identify the causal impact of school spending, I exploit the plausibly exogenous variation in spending induced by the court-mandated school finance reforms in the United States. I find that a ten percent increase in school spending raises college attendance rates by about five percentage points for disadvantaged children and about two percentage points for advantaged children. Despite substantial school spending effects on college attendance rates, there is little evidence that spending increases boost income ranks of disadvantaged children in the national distribution. For advantaged children, I find a marginally significant increase in income ranks. The second chapter examines whether the removal of racial preferences improves college access for low-income students and upward mobility. In recent years, many states in the U.S. have banned race-based affirmative action in college admissions. Public universities in these states have put more weight on socioeconomic factors, such as family income, to ensure a diverse student body without the explicit consideration of race. I find that the elimination of race-based preferences increases the enrollment share of low-income and first-generation students at selective public universities. The positive impact on college access is driven by low-income Asian students. Banning the use of race in admissions also raises the upward mobility rate, which measures the extent to which an institution contributes to intergenerational income mobility. In the third chapter, S Anukriti (Boston College), Nishith Prakash (University of Connecticut), and I examine the impacts of dowry expectations on households' decisions in contemporary rural India. Dowry, a bride-to-groom marriage payment, is often cited as a factor behind gender inequality. Exploiting variation in firstborn gender and heterogeneity in dowry amounts across marriage markets, we find that the prospect of paying higher dowry increases household savings, which are primarily financed through increased paternal labor supply. However, we find no impacts of dowry expectations on son-preferring fertility behaviors and child investments.
Book Synopsis Starting and Finishing by : Christian Michael Smith
Download or read book Starting and Finishing written by Christian Michael Smith and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two recurring findings at the intersection of social stratification and education research are (1) on the hopeful side, the power of a postsecondary education to dampen the influence of socioeconomic origins on socioeconomic destinations, and (2) the less sanguine finding that postsecondary participation and completion are distributed with massive inequality across socioeconomic origins. With the goal of finding ways to ameliorate this inequality, this dissertation comprises three studies that draw on substantive literature in social stratification and methodological literature in causal inference and effect heterogeneity. Each study assesses whether one idea for how to narrow socioeconomic inequality in postsecondary education holds up against empirical scrutiny. Chapter 2 Précis Studies in social stratification have used siblings as a tool to learn about the intergenerational transmission of advantage but less often have asked how siblings impact one another's life chances. I draw on social capital theory and hypothesize that, when youths attend college, they increase the probability that their siblings attend college. I further hypothesize that this effect is strongest among youths whose parents do not have college degrees. Findings from a U.S. national probability sample support both hypotheses. While it is possible that confounding factors drive the estimates, I conduct robustness checks that show confounding would need to be very atypically strong to invalidate a causal interpretation. The positive main effect suggests that an intragenerational transmission of educational advantage exists alongside the intergenerational transmission that receives more attention. Effect heterogeneity points to the potential redundancy of college-educated siblings' benefits when youths already receive similar benefits from college-educated parents. Chapter 3 Précis In 2015, Wisconsin began mandating that all 11th-grade students in public high schools take the ACT college entrance exam and the WorkKeys career readiness assessment. With a series of quasi-experimental analyses, we evaluate this policy. Applying an interrupted time series analysis, we estimate heterogeneous effects of the policy on four-year college attendance with joint respect to economic disadvantage status and propensity to take the ACT in the absence of the policy. We find that the policy has boosted four-year college attendance among economically disadvantaged students with middling propensities to take the ACT and among economically advantaged students with high propensities. Overall, the evidence suggests that the policy induced more economically advantaged students than economically disadvantaged students to attend a four-year college. A regression discontinuity design fails to find evidence that being deemed career-ready by one's WorkKeys scores affects one's probability of four-year college attendance, casting some doubt that the WorkKeys component of the policy played a significant role in the impacts of the policy on college attendance. The results tentatively suggest that students update their college attendance behavior based on new information about their college readiness but not based on new information about the immediate returns to forgoing college. Accordingly, the results lend qualified support to Bayesian learning theory. Chapter 4 Précis According to the theory of Effectively Maintained Inequality (EMI), children of economically advantaged parents not only enter each level of (post)secondary education at higher rates than do their less advantaged peers, but also enjoy educational opportunities at each level that position them more favorably to continue to the next level. Governments may play a role in facilitating or limiting EMI because they allocate appropriations to public universities; the more between-university variability in these funds, the more horizontal differences high-income students may exploit. I ask whether Wisconsin's unequal pattern of appropriations across its institutions of higher education exacerbates income-based disparities in college persistence. I test two hypotheses: (1) Economically advantaged students sort into the universities with greatest appropriations; (2) Appropriations promote first-to-second-year persistence. Evidence in favor of both hypotheses would support the claim that an unequal allocation of appropriations exacerbates college persistence disparities and, accordingly, suggest that unequal allocation facilitates EMI. Results support the first but not the second hypothesis. I then attempt to explain why appropriation appear to be independent of first-to-second-year persistence by examining whether changes in state appropriations were associated with changes in university expenditures that promote persistence. I find that academic support expenditures are most important for persistence in Wisconsin and that increases in state appropriations are not associated with increases in these expenditures. Taken together, the results do not present evidence that the Wisconsin state government can easily facilitate or limit EMI based on its allocation of state appropriations to universities.
Book Synopsis Three Essays in Economic Inequality by : Andrew Silva
Download or read book Three Essays in Economic Inequality written by Andrew Silva and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays in Economic Inequality by : Jang Youn Lee
Download or read book Three Essays in Economic Inequality written by Jang Youn Lee and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Economic Inequality by : Gustavo Nicolas Paez Salamanca
Download or read book Three Essays on Economic Inequality written by Gustavo Nicolas Paez Salamanca and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Income Inequality by : Gulgun Bayaz Ozturk
Download or read book Three Essays on Income Inequality written by Gulgun Bayaz Ozturk and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Income Growth, Poverty and Inequality by : Hosnieh Mahoozi
Download or read book Three Essays on Income Growth, Poverty and Inequality written by Hosnieh Mahoozi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Income and Wealth Inequality by : Damir Cosic
Download or read book Three Essays on Income and Wealth Inequality written by Damir Cosic and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Poverty and Inequality by : Claudia Sámano Robles
Download or read book Three Essays on Poverty and Inequality written by Claudia Sámano Robles and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays in Inequality by : Jonathan A. Schwabish
Download or read book Three Essays in Inequality written by Jonathan A. Schwabish and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Inequality in the United States by : Gowun Park
Download or read book Three Essays on Inequality in the United States written by Gowun Park and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Income, Inequality and Environmental Degradation by : Rachel A. Bouvier
Download or read book Three Essays on Income, Inequality and Environmental Degradation written by Rachel A. Bouvier and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays in Inequality, Development, and Growth by : Chandini Sankaran
Download or read book Three Essays in Inequality, Development, and Growth written by Chandini Sankaran and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on Inequality written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309452961 Total Pages :583 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Book Synopsis Three Essays in the Economics of Health by : Achintya Ray
Download or read book Three Essays in the Economics of Health written by Achintya Ray and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Poverty Mapping and Targeting by : Tomoki Fujii
Download or read book Three Essays on Poverty Mapping and Targeting written by Tomoki Fujii and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: