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Three Dimensional Numerical Modeling Of The Influence Of Faults On Groundwater Flow At Yucca Mountain Nevada
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Book Synopsis Three-dimensional Numerical Modeling of the Influence of Faults on Groundwater Flow at Yucca Mountain, Nevada by : Andrew J.B. Cohen
Download or read book Three-dimensional Numerical Modeling of the Influence of Faults on Groundwater Flow at Yucca Mountain, Nevada written by Andrew J.B. Cohen and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerical simulations of groundwater flow at Yucca Mountain, Nevada are used to investigate how the faulted hydrogeologic structure influences groundwater flow from a proposed high-level nuclear waste repository. Simulations are performed using a 3-D model that has a unique grid block discretization to accurately represent the faulted geologic units, which have variable thicknesses and orientations. Irregular grid blocks enable explicit representation of these features. Each hydrogeologic layer is discretized into a single layer of irregular and dipping grid blocks, and faults are discretized such that they are laterally continuous and displacement varies along strike. In addition, the presence of altered fault zones is explicitly modeled, as appropriate. The model has 23 layers and 11 faults, and approximately 57,000 grid blocks and 200,000 grid block connections. In the past, field measurement of upward vertical head gradients and high water table temperatures near faults were interpreted as indicators of upwelling from a deep carbonate aquifer. Simulations show, however, that these features can be readily explained by the geometry of hydrogeologic layers, the variability of layer permeabilities and thermal conductivities, and by the presence of permeable fault zones or faults with displacement only. In addition, a moderate water table gradient can result from fault displacement or a laterally continuous low permeability fault zone, but not from a high permeability fault zone, as others postulated earlier. Large-scale macrodispersion results from the vertical and lateral diversion of flow near the contact of high and low permeability layers at faults, and from upward flow within high permeability fault zones. Conversely, large-scale channeling can occur due to groundwater flow into areas with minimal fault displacement. Contaminants originating at the water table can flow in a direction significantly different than that of the water table gradient, and isolated zones of contaminants will occur at the water table downgradient. This behavior is not predicted by traditional models of contaminant transport. In addition, the influence of a particular type of fault cannot be generalized; depending on the location where contaminants enter the saturated zone, faults may either enhance or inhibit vertical dispersion.
Book Synopsis Three-dimensional Numerical Modeling of the Influence of Faults on Groundwater Flow at Yucca Mountain, Nevada by : Andrew Jan Buckminster Cohen
Download or read book Three-dimensional Numerical Modeling of the Influence of Faults on Groundwater Flow at Yucca Mountain, Nevada written by Andrew Jan Buckminster Cohen and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three-dimensional Numerical Modeling of the Influence of Faults on Groundwater Flow at Yucca Mountain, Nevada by :
Download or read book Three-dimensional Numerical Modeling of the Influence of Faults on Groundwater Flow at Yucca Mountain, Nevada written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerical simulations of groundwater flow at Yucca Mountain, Nevada are used to investigate how the faulted hydrogeologic structure influences groundwater flow from a proposed high-level nuclear waste repository. Simulations are performed using a 3-D model that has a unique grid block discretization to accurately represent the faulted geologic units, which have variable thicknesses and orientations. Irregular grid blocks enable explicit representation of these features. Each hydrogeologic layer is discretized into a single layer of irregular and dipping grid blocks, and faults are discretized such that they are laterally continuous and displacement varies along strike. In addition, the presence of altered fault zones is explicitly modeled, as appropriate. The model has 23 layers and 11 faults, and approximately 57,000 grid blocks and 200,000 grid block connections. In the past, field measurement of upward vertical head gradients and high water table temperatures near faults were interpreted as indicators of upwelling from a deep carbonate aquifer. Simulations show, however, that these features can be readily explained by the geometry of hydrogeologic layers, the variability of layer permeabilities and thermal conductivities, and by the presence of permeable fault zones or faults with displacement only. In addition, a moderate water table gradient can result from fault displacement or a laterally continuous low permeability fault zone, but not from a high permeability fault zone, as others postulated earlier. Large-scale macrodispersion results from the vertical and lateral diversion of flow near the contact of high and low permeability layers at faults, and from upward flow within high permeability fault zones. Conversely, large-scale channeling can occur due to groundwater flow into areas with minimal fault displacement. Contaminants originating at the water table can flow in a direction significantly different than that of the water table gradient, and isolated zones of contaminants will occur at the water table downgradient. This behavior is not predicted by traditional models of contaminant transport. In addition, the influence of a particular type of fault cannot be generalized; depending on the location where contaminants enter the saturated zone, faults may either enhance of inhibit vertical dispersion.
Book Synopsis Influence of Faults on Groundwater Flow and Transport at YuccaMountain, Nevada by :
Download or read book Influence of Faults on Groundwater Flow and Transport at YuccaMountain, Nevada written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerical simulations of groundwater flow at Yucca Mountain, Nevada are used to investigate how faults influence groundwater flow pathways and regional-scale macrodispersion. The 3-D model has a unique grid block discretization that facilitates the accurate representation of the complex geologic structure present in faulted formations. Each hydrogeologic layer is discretized into a single layer of irregular and dipping grid blocks, and faults are discretized such that they are laterally continuous and varied in displacement varies along strike. In addition, the presence of altered fault zones is explicitly modeled, as appropriate. Simulations show that upward head gradients can be readily explained by the geometry of hydrogeologic layers, the variability of layer permeabilities, and the presence of permeable fault zones or faults with displacement only, not necessarily by upwelling from a deep aquifer. Large-scale macrodispersion results from the vertical and lateral diversion of flow near the contact of high- and low-permeability layers at faults, and from upward flow within high-permeability fault zones. Conversely, large-scale channeling can occur as a result of groundwater flow into areas with minimal fault displacement. Contaminants originating at the water table can flow in a direction significantly different from that of the water table gradient, and isolated zones of contaminants can occur at the water table downgradient. By conducting both 2-D and 3-D simulations, we show that the 2-D cross-sectional models traditionally used to examine flow in faulted formations may not be appropriate. In addition, the influence of a particular type of fault cannot be generalized; depending on the location where contaminants enter the saturated zone, faults may either enhance or inhibit vertical dispersion.
Book Synopsis A Three-dimensional Numerical Model of Predevelopment Conditions in the Death Valley Regional Ground-water Flow System, Nevada and California by :
Download or read book A Three-dimensional Numerical Model of Predevelopment Conditions in the Death Valley Regional Ground-water Flow System, Nevada and California written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three-Dimensional Hydrogeologic Framework Model for Use With a Steady-State Numerical Ground-Water Flow Model of the Death Valley Regional Flow System, Nevada and California by :
Download or read book Three-Dimensional Hydrogeologic Framework Model for Use With a Steady-State Numerical Ground-Water Flow Model of the Death Valley Regional Flow System, Nevada and California written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Faulting on Ground-water Movement in the Death Valley Region, Nevada and California by : Claudia C. Faunt
Download or read book Effect of Faulting on Ground-water Movement in the Death Valley Region, Nevada and California written by Claudia C. Faunt and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hydrology and Geochemistry of Yucca Mountain and Vicinity, Southern Nevada and California by : John S. Stuckless
Download or read book Hydrology and Geochemistry of Yucca Mountain and Vicinity, Southern Nevada and California written by John S. Stuckless and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2012 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quasi-three Dimensional Ground-water Modeling of the Hydrologic Influence of Paleozoic Rocks on the Ground-water Table at Yucca Mountain, Nevada by : Si-Yong Lee
Download or read book Quasi-three Dimensional Ground-water Modeling of the Hydrologic Influence of Paleozoic Rocks on the Ground-water Table at Yucca Mountain, Nevada written by Si-Yong Lee and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hydrogeologic Evaluation and Numerical Simulation of the Death Valley Regional Ground-water Flow System, Nevada and California by :
Download or read book Hydrogeologic Evaluation and Numerical Simulation of the Death Valley Regional Ground-water Flow System, Nevada and California written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Preliminary Analysis of Three-dimensional Moisture Flow Within Yucca Mountain, Nevada by :
Download or read book Preliminary Analysis of Three-dimensional Moisture Flow Within Yucca Mountain, Nevada written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The continuous development of the three-dimensional site-scale model of Yucca Mountain Nevada is described. Three-dimensional moisture flow simulations are conducted, that show how the stratigraphic units and fault offsets and properties at Yucca Mountain create complex three-dimensional flow patterns. Even for a really uniform infiltration rates, these geological complexities result in large lateral flow components and often concentrated flow into the water table. When the major faults are assumed to act as capillary barriers, moisture buildup occurs close to the faults. Conversely, when the faults are assumed to readily absorb water and allow for vertical migration, lateral flow is greatly enhanced and relatively dry conditions are found in the rock matrix adjacent to the faults. These results suggest that careful observations of saturations and rock matrix conditions in rock masses near major faults may help determine the hydrological characteristics of the faults. The site-scale model has been used to predict conditions in wells UZ-16 and other wells, in order to investigate the predictive capabilities of the model. Gas flow and the Geothermal gradient have been incorporated into the model.
Book Synopsis Three-dimensional Hydrogeologic Framework Model for Use with a Steady-state Numerical Ground-water Flow Model of the Death Valley Regional Flow System, Nevada and California by :
Download or read book Three-dimensional Hydrogeologic Framework Model for Use with a Steady-state Numerical Ground-water Flow Model of the Death Valley Regional Flow System, Nevada and California written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Department of Energy and other Federal, State, and local agencies, is evaluating the hydrogeologic characteristics of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system. The ground-water flow system covers and area of about 100,000 square kilometers from latitude 35 degrees to 38 degrees 15 minutes North to longitude 115 degrees to 118 degrees West, with the flow system proper comprising about 45,000 square kilometers. The Death Valley regional ground-water flow system is one of the larger flow systems within the Southwestern United States and includes in its boundaries the Nevada Test Site, Yucca Mountain, and much of Death Valley. Part of this study includes the construction of a three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework model to serve as the foundation for the development of a steady-state regional ground-water flow model. The digital framework model provides a computer-based description of the geometry and composition of the hydro geologic units that control regional flow. The framework model of the region was constructed by merging two previous framework models constructed for the Yucca Mountain Project and the Environmental Restoration Program Underground Test Area studies at the Nevada Test Site. The hydrologic characteristics of the region result from a currently arid climate and complex geology. Interbasinal regional ground-water flow occurs through a thick carbonate-rock sequence of Paleozoic age, a locally thick volcanic-rock sequence of Tertiary age, and basin-fill alluvium of Tertiary and Quaternary age. Throughout the system, deep and shallow ground-water flow may be controlled by extensive and pervasive regional and local faults and fractures. The framework model was constructed using data from several sources to define the geometry of the regional hydrogeologic units. These data sources include (1) a 1:250,000-scale hydrogeologic-map compilation of the region; (2) regional-scale geologic cross sections; (3) borehole information, and (4) gridded surfaces from a previous three-dimensional geologic model. In addition, digital elevation model data were used in conjunction with these data to define ground-surface altitudes. These data, properly oriented in three dimensions by using geographic information systems, were combined and gridded to produce the upper surfaces of the hydrogeologic units used in the flow model. The final geometry of the framework model is constructed as a volumetric model by incorporating the intersections of these gridded surfaces and by applying fault truncation rules to structural features from the geologic map and cross sections. The cells defining the geometry of the hydrogeologic framework model can be assigned several attributes such as lithology, hydrogeologic unit, thickness, and top and bottom altitudes.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Hydrogeologic Units Using Matrix Properties, Yucca Mountain, Nevada by :
Download or read book Characterization of Hydrogeologic Units Using Matrix Properties, Yucca Mountain, Nevada written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Determination of the suitability of Yucca Mountain, in southern Nevada, as a geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste requires the use of numerical flow and transport models. Input for these models includes parameters that describe hydrologic properties and the initial and boundary conditions for all rock materials within the unsaturated zone, as well as some of the upper rocks in the saturated zone. There are 30 hydrogeologic units in the unsaturated zone, and each unit is defined by limited ranges where a discrete volume of rock contains similar hydrogeologic properties. These hydrogeologic units can be easily located in space by using three-dimensional lithostratigraphic models based on relationships of the properties with the lithostratigraphy. Physical properties of bulk density, porosity, and particle density; flow properties of saturated hydraulic conductivity and moisture-retention characteristics; and the state variables (variables describing the current state of field conditions) of saturation and water potential were determined for each unit. Units were defined using (1) a data base developed from 4,892 rock samples collected from the coring of 23 shallow and 8 deep boreholes, (2) described lithostratigraphic boundaries and corresponding relations to porosity, (3) recognition of transition zones with pronounced changes in properties over short vertical distances, (4) characterization of the influence of mineral alteration on hydrologic properties such as permeability and moisture-retention characteristics, and (5) a statistical analysis to evaluate where boundaries should be adjusted to minimize the variance within layers. This study describes the correlation of hydrologic properties to porosity, a property that is well related to the lithostratigraphy and depositional and cooling history of the volcanic deposits and can, therefore, be modeled to be distributed laterally.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 898 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Finite-element Simulation of Ground-water Flow in the Vicinity of Yucca Mountain, Nevada-California by : John B. Czarnecki
Download or read book Finite-element Simulation of Ground-water Flow in the Vicinity of Yucca Mountain, Nevada-California written by John B. Czarnecki and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of a Quasi Three-dimensional Groundwater Model for a Portion of the Nevada Test Site by : Phil L. Oberlander
Download or read book Development of a Quasi Three-dimensional Groundwater Model for a Portion of the Nevada Test Site written by Phil L. Oberlander and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Three-dimensional Numerical Model of Predevelopment Conditions in the Death Valley Regional Ground-water Flow System, Nevada and California by :
Download or read book A Three-dimensional Numerical Model of Predevelopment Conditions in the Death Valley Regional Ground-water Flow System, Nevada and California written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1990's, two numerical models of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system were developed by the U.S. Department of Energy. In general, the two models were based on the same basic hydrogeologic data set. In 1998, the U.S. Department of Energy requested that the U.S. Geological Survey develop and maintain a ground-water flow model of the Death Valley region in support of U.S. Department of Energy programs at the Nevada Test Site. The purpose of developing this ''second-generation'' regional model was to enhance the knowledge and understanding of the ground-water flow system as new information and tools are developed. The U.S. Geological Survey also was encouraged by the U.S. Department of Energy to cooperate to the fullest extent with other Federal, State, and local entities in the region to take advantage of the benefits of their knowledge and expertise. The short-term objective of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system project was to develop a steady-stat e representation of the predevelopment conditions of the ground-water flow system utilizing the two geologic interpretations used to develop the previous numerical models. The long-term objective of this project was to construct and calibrate a transient model that simulates the ground-water conditions of the study area over the historical record that utilizes a newly interpreted hydrogeologic conceptual model. This report describes the result of the predevelopment steady-state model construction and calibration.
