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Thermodynamic Cycle Analysis Of Magnetohydrodynamic Bypass Hypersonic Airbreathing Engines
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Book Synopsis Thermodynamic Cycle Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic-bypass Hypersonic Airbreathing Engines by : R. J. Litchford
Download or read book Thermodynamic Cycle Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic-bypass Hypersonic Airbreathing Engines written by R. J. Litchford and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prospects for realizing a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) bypass hypersonic airbreathing engine are examined from the standpoint of fundamental thermodynamic feasibility. The MHD-bypass engine, first proposed as part of the Russian AJAX vehicle concept, is based on the idea of redistributing energy between various stages of the propulsion system flow train. The system uses an MHD generator to extract a portion of the aerodynamic heating energy from the inlet and an MHD accelerator to reintroduce this power as kinetic energy in the exhaust stream. In this way, the combustor entrance Mach number can be limited to a specified value even as the flight Mach number increases. Thus, the fuel and air can be efficiently mixed and burned within a practical combustor length, and the flight Mach number operating envelope can be extended. In this paper, we quantitatively assess the performance potential and scientific feasibility of MHD-bypass engines using a simplified thermodynamic analysis. This cycle analysis, based on a thermally and calorically perfect gas, incoporates a coupled MHD generator-accelerator system and accounts for aerodynamic losses and thermodynamic process efficiencies in the various engine components. It is found that the flight Mach number range can be significantly extended; however, overall performance is hampered by non-isentropic losses in the MHD devices.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721026920 Total Pages :38 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (269 download)
Book Synopsis Thermodynamic Cycle Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic-Bypass Hypersonic Airbreathing Engines by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Thermodynamic Cycle Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic-Bypass Hypersonic Airbreathing Engines written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-11 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prospects for realizing a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) bypass hypersonic airbreathing engine are examined from the standpoint of fundamental thermodynamic feasibility. The MHD-bypass engine, first proposed as part of the Russian AJAX vehicle concept, is based on the idea of redistributing energy between various stages of the propulsion system flow train. The system uses an MHD generator to extract a portion of the aerodynamic heating energy from the inlet and an MHD accelerator to reintroduce this power as kinetic energy in the exhaust stream. In this way, the combustor entrance Mach number can be limited to a specified value even as the flight Mach number increases. Thus, the fuel and air can be efficiently mixed and burned within a practical combustor length, and the flight Mach number operating envelope can be extended. In this paper, we quantitatively assess the performance potential and scientific feasibility of MHD-bypass engines using a simplified thermodynamic analysis. This cycle analysis, based on a thermally and calorically perfect gas, incorporates a coupled MHD generator-accelerator system and accounts for aerodynamic losses and thermodynamic process efficiencies in the various engin components. It is found that the flight Mach number range can be significantly extended; however, overall performance is hampered by non-isentropic losses in the MHD devices.Litchford, R. J. and Cole, J. W. and Bityurin, V. A. and Lineberry, J. T.Marshall Space Flight CenterTHERMODYNAMIC CYCLES; THERMODYNAMICS; THERMODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC GENERATORS; TURBOFAN ENGINES; HYPERSONICS; SUPERSONIC COMBUSTION RAMJET ENGINES; AERODYNAMIC HEATING; COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; EXHAUST GASES; GAS STREAMS; FLIGHT ENVELOPES; MACH NUMBER; THRUST
Book Synopsis Analytical and Computational Investigations of a Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Energy-bypass System for Supersonic Gas Turbine Engines to Enable Hypersonic Flight by : Theresa Louise Benyo
Download or read book Analytical and Computational Investigations of a Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Energy-bypass System for Supersonic Gas Turbine Engines to Enable Hypersonic Flight written by Theresa Louise Benyo and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has used rocket-powered vehicles as launch vehicles for access to space. A familiar example is the Space Shuttle launch system. These vehicles carry both fuel and oxidizer onboard. If an external oxidizer (such as the Earth's atmosphere) is utilized, the need to carry an onboard oxidizer is eliminated, and future launch vehicles could carry a larger payload into orbit at a fraction of the total fuel expenditure. For this reason, NASA is currently researching the use of air-breathing engines to power the first stage of two-stage-to-orbit hypersonic launch systems. Removing the need to carry an onboard oxidizer leads also to reductions in total vehicle weight at liftoff. This in turn reduces the total mass of propellant required, and thus decreases the cost of carrying a specific payload into orbit or beyond. However, achieving hypersonic flight with air-breathing jet engines has several technical challenges. These challenges, such as the mode transition from supersonic to hypersonic engine operation, are under study in NASA's Fundamental Aeronautics Program. One propulsion concept that is being explored is a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) energy- bypass generator coupled with an off-the-shelf turbojet/turbofan. It is anticipated that this engine will be capable of operation from takeoff to Mach 7 in a single flowpath without mode transition. The MHD energy bypass consists of an MHD generator placed directly upstream of the engine, and converts a portion of the enthalpy of the inlet flow through the engine into electrical current. This reduction in flow enthalpy corresponds to a reduced Mach number at the turbojet inlet so that the engine stays within its design constraints. Furthermore, the generated electrical current may then be used to power aircraft systems or an MHD accelerator positioned downstream of the turbojet. The MHD accelerator operates in reverse of the MHD generator, re-accelerating the exhaust flow from the engine by converting electrical current back into flow enthalpy to increase thrust. Though there has been considerable research into the use of MHD generators to produce electricity for industrial power plants, interest in the technology for flight-weight aerospace applications has developed only recently. In this research, electromagnetic fields coupled with weakly ionzed gases to slow hypersonic airflow were investigated within the confines of an MHD energy-bypass system with the goal of showing that it is possible for an air-breathing engine to transition from takeoff to Mach 7 without carrying a rocket propulsion system along with it. The MHD energy-bypass system was modeled for use on a supersonic turbojet engine. The model included all components envisioned for an MHD energy-bypass system; two preionizers, an MHD generator, and an MHD accelerator. A thermodynamic cycle analysis of the hypothesized MHD energy-bypass system on an existing supersonic turbojet engine was completed. In addition, a detailed thermodynamic, plasmadynamic, and electromagnetic analysis was combined to offer a single, comprehensive model to describe more fully the proper plasma flows and magnetic fields required for successful operation of the MHD energy bypass system. The unique contribution of this research involved modeling the current density, temperature, velocity, pressure, electric field, Hall parameter, and electrical power throughout an annular MHD generator and an annular MHD accelerator taking into account an external magnetic field within a moving flow field, collisions of electrons with neutral particles in an ionized flow field, and collisions of ions with neutral particles in an ionized flow field (ion slip). In previous research, the ion slip term has not been considered. Detailed thermodynamic cycle analysis of an annular MHD generator and an annular MHD accelerator revealed that including the ion slip term to the generalized Ohm's Law decreased the needed magnetic fields and conductivity levels as compared to previous research. For the MHD generator, the needed magnetic fields decreased from 5 T to 3 T for all flight speeds studied (Mach 7, 5, and 3). The conductivity levels required for the ionized airflow within the MHD generator at 3 T decreased from 11 mhos/m to 9 mhos/m for a flight speed of Mach 7 and remained the same for Mach 5 and 3. For the MHD accelerator, the needed magnetic fields decreased from 5 T to 3 T for flight speeds of Mach 7 and 5, and decreased from 3 T to 1.5 T for a flight speed of Mach 3. The conductivity levels required for the ionized airflow within the MHD accelerator (at 3 T) decreased from 2.6 mhos/m to 1.1 mhos/m for a flight speed of Mach 7 and remained the same for Mach 5 and 3. The MHD energy-bypass system model showed that it is possible to expand the operating range of a supersonic jet engine from a maximum of Mach 3.5 to a maximum of Mach 7. The inclusion of ion slip within the analysis further showed that it is possible to 'drive' this system with maximum magnetic fields of 3 T and with maximum conductivity levels of 11 mhos/m. These operating parameters better the previous findings of 5 T and 10 mhos/m, and reveal that taking into account collisions between ions and neutral particles within a weakly ionized flow provides a more realistic model with added benefits of lower magnetic fields and conductivity levels especially at the higher Mach numbers.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Magnetohydrodynamic Energy Bypass on Specific Thrust for a Supersonic Turbojet Engine by : Theresa L. Benyo
Download or read book The Effect of Magnetohydrodynamic Energy Bypass on Specific Thrust for a Supersonic Turbojet Engine written by Theresa L. Benyo and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes the preliminary results of a thermodynamic cycle analysis of a supersonic turbojet engine with a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) energy bypass system that explores a wide range of MHD enthalpy extraction parameters. Through the analysis described here, it is shown that applying a magnetic field to a flow path in the Mach 2.0 to 3.5 range can increase the specific thrust of the turbojet engine up to as much as 420 N/(kg/s) provided that the magnitude of the magnetic field is in the range of 1 to 5 Tesla. The MHD energy bypass can also increase the operating Mach number range for a supersonic turbojet engine into the hypersonic flight regime. In this case, the Mach number range is shown to be extended to Mach 7.0.
Book Synopsis The Scramjet Engine by : Corin Segal
Download or read book The Scramjet Engine written by Corin Segal and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-22 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demand for high-speed propulsion has renewed development of the supersonic combustion ramjet engine (Scramjet engine) for hypersonic flight applications.
Book Synopsis Hypersonic Airbreathing Propulsion by : William H. Heiser
Download or read book Hypersonic Airbreathing Propulsion written by William H. Heiser and published by AIAA. This book was released on 1994 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An almost entirely self-contained engineering textbook primarily for use in undergraduate and graduate courses in airbreathing propulsion. It provides a broad and basic introduction to the elements needed to work in the field as it develops and grows. Homework problems are provided for almost every individual subject. An extensive array of PC-based user-friendly computer programs is provided in order to facilitate repetitious and/or complex calculations. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis Radar Energy Warfare and the Challenges of Stealth Technology by : Bahman Zohuri
Download or read book Radar Energy Warfare and the Challenges of Stealth Technology written by Bahman Zohuri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-18 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a solid foundation for understanding radar energy warfare and stealth technology. The book covers the fundamentals of radar before moving on to more advanced topics, including electronic counter and electronic counter-counter measures, radar absorbing materials, radar cross section, and the science of stealth technology. A final section provides an introduction to Luneberg lens reflectors. The book will provide scientists, engineers, and students with valuable guidance on the fundamentals needed to understand state-of-the-art radar energy warfare and stealth technology research and applications.
Book Synopsis The effect of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) energy bypass on specific thrust for a supersonic turbojet engine by : Theresa L. Benyo
Download or read book The effect of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) energy bypass on specific thrust for a supersonic turbojet engine written by Theresa L. Benyo and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thermodynamic Analysis of Combustion Engines by : Ashley S. Campbell
Download or read book Thermodynamic Analysis of Combustion Engines written by Ashley S. Campbell and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1979-03-15 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended for a second course in thermodynamics. Explains in detail how the analysis of each engine system can be formulated for a computer program. Examines all present day engines which operate on the internal combustion system, including gas turbines, two-stroke and four-stroke internal combustion engines, both Otto and Diesel cycles, liquid propellant rockets, free piston engines, and powders in guns. Includes chemical equilibrium, explaining how equilibrium compositions in multireaction systems can be calculated. Uses SI units exclusively.
Book Synopsis 36th AIAA Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference: 05-4654 - 05-4931 by :
Download or read book 36th AIAA Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference: 05-4654 - 05-4931 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Future Spacecraft Propulsion Systems and Integration by : Paul A. Czysz
Download or read book Future Spacecraft Propulsion Systems and Integration written by Paul A. Czysz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-30 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The updated and expanded third edition of this book focuses on the multi-disciplinary coupling between flight-vehicle hardware alternatives and enabling propulsion systems. It discusses how to match near-term and far-term aerospace vehicles to missions and provides a comprehensive overview of the subject, directly contributing to the next-generation space infrastructure, from space tourism to space exploration. This holistic treatment defines a mission portfolio addressing near-term to long-term space transportation needs covering sub-orbital, orbital and escape flight profiles. In this context, a vehicle configuration classification is introduced covering alternatives starting from the dawn of space access. A best-practice parametric sizing approach is introduced to correctly design the flight vehicle for the mission. This technique balances required mission with the available vehicle solution space and is an essential capability sought after by technology forecasters and strategic planners alike.
Book Synopsis A Review of United States Air Force and Department of Defense Aerospace Propulsion Needs by : National Research Council
Download or read book A Review of United States Air Force and Department of Defense Aerospace Propulsion Needs written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-14 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rocket and air-breathing propulsion systems are the foundation on which planning for future aerospace systems rests. A Review of United States Air Force and Department of Defense Aerospace Propulsion Needs assesses the existing technical base in these areas and examines the future Air Force capabilities the base will be expected to support. This report also defines gaps and recommends where future warfighter capabilities not yet fully defined could be met by current science and technology development plans.
Book Synopsis AIAA Journal by : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Download or read book AIAA Journal written by American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic Acceleration for Use in Hypersonic Direct-connect Propulsion Testing by : Michael John Christiansen
Download or read book Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic Acceleration for Use in Hypersonic Direct-connect Propulsion Testing written by Michael John Christiansen and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hypersonic Airbreathing Propulsion: An Aerodynamics, Aerothermodynamics, and Acoustics Competency White Paper by :
Download or read book Hypersonic Airbreathing Propulsion: An Aerodynamics, Aerothermodynamics, and Acoustics Competency White Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Reports, Articles, Papers, and Presentations by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Reports, Articles, Papers, and Presentations written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Magnetogasdynamics and Plasma Dynamics by : Shih-I. Pai
Download or read book Magnetogasdynamics and Plasma Dynamics written by Shih-I. Pai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on the lecture notes which the author gave in a seminar of the same title in the Institut fur theoretische Gasdynamik, D. V. L. e. V., Aachen, Germany, during the academic year of 1957-1958. The subject matter has been rewritten and expanded after the author's return to the University of Maryland. The purpose of this book is to give a theoretical introduction to plasma dynamics and magnetogasdynamics from the gasdynamic point of view. Attention is given to the basic assumptions and the formulation of the theory of the flow problems of a plasma, an ionized gas, as well as to the various methods of solving these problems. Since plasma dynamics is still in a developing stage, the author hopes that this book _may furnish the readers some basic elements in the theory of plasma -dynamics so that they may find it useful for further study and research in this new field. After the introduction in which the scope of plasma. dynamics is briefly discussed, the fundamental equations of plasma dynamics from the macro scopic point of view, i. e., the theory of continuum has been analyzed, in detail in chapters IT to IV, including many simplified cases sUQh as m,agneto gasdynamics, magnetohydrodynamics, electromaguetodynamics, radiation magnetogasdynamics etc. In chapter V, the important parameters and their range of applicatIons have been treated. The parameters are useful in the correlation of experi mental results.
