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Thermal Cook Off Of An Hmx Based Explosive
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Book Synopsis Thermal Cook-off of an HMX Based Explosive by :
Download or read book Thermal Cook-off of an HMX Based Explosive written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safety issues related to thermal cook-off are important for handling and storing explosive devices. Violence of event as a function of confinement is important for prediction of collateral events. There are major issues, which require an understanding of the following events: (1) transit to detonation of a pressure wave from a cook-off event, (2) sensitivity of HMX based explosives changes with thermally induced phase transitions and (3) the potential danger of neighboring explosive devices being affected by a cook-off reaction. Results of cook-off events of known size, confinement and thermal history allows for development and/or calibrating computer models for calculating events that are difficult to measure experimentally.
Book Synopsis THERMAL COOK-OFF EXPERIMENTS OF THE HMX BASED HIGH EXPLOSIVE LX-04 TO CHARACTERIZE VIOLENCE WITH VARYING CONFINEMENT. by : F. Garcia
Download or read book THERMAL COOK-OFF EXPERIMENTS OF THE HMX BASED HIGH EXPLOSIVE LX-04 TO CHARACTERIZE VIOLENCE WITH VARYING CONFINEMENT. written by F. Garcia and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal cook-off experiments were carried out using LX-04 explosive (85% HMX and 15% Viton by weight) with different levels of confinement to characterize the effect of confinement on the reaction violence. These experiments involved heating a porous LX-04 sample in a stainless steel container with varying container end plate thickness and assembly bolt diameter to control overall confinement. As expected, detonation did not occur and reducing the overall confinement lowered the reaction violence. This is consistent with modeling results that predict that a lower confinement will act to lower the cook-off pressure and thus the overall burn rate which lowers the overall violence. These results suggest that controlling the overall system confinement can modify the relative safety in a given scenario.
Book Synopsis Pressure Wave Measurements from Thermal Cook-off of an HMX Based Explosive by :
Download or read book Pressure Wave Measurements from Thermal Cook-off of an HMX Based Explosive written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A better understanding of thermal cook-off is important for safe handling and storing explosive devices. A number of safety issues exist about what occurs when a cased explosive thermally cooks off. For example, violence of the events as a function of confinement are important for predictions of collateral damage. This paper demonstrates how adjacent materials can be gauged to measure the resulting pressure wave and how this wave propagates in this adjacent material. The output pulse from the thermal cook-off explosive containing fixture is of obvious interest for assessing many scenarios.
Book Synopsis Pressure Wave Measurements Resulting from Thermal Cook-Off of the HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 by : F. Garcia
Download or read book Pressure Wave Measurements Resulting from Thermal Cook-Off of the HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 written by F. Garcia and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments that investigate thermal and nearby explosion scenarios are needed to provide essential data to models for accurate predictions. A porous LX-04 (85/15 wt% HMX/Viton) sample was heated in a heavily confined donor charge until it thermally exploded. The reaction accelerated a steel cover plate across a 10 cm gap into a preheated gauged acceptor cylinder (near its theoretical maximum density) of LX-04. The carbon resistor gauges in the acceptor measured the resulting multi-dimensional ramp wave as it propagated through the pre-heated LX-04. Detonation of the LX-04 acceptor does not occur. Results are compared to similar experiments with acceptors at room temperature.
Book Synopsis Pressure Wave Measurements from Thermal Cook-off of an HMX Based High Explosive by :
Download or read book Pressure Wave Measurements from Thermal Cook-off of an HMX Based High Explosive written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A better understanding of thermal cook-off is important for safe handling and storing explosive devices. A number of safety issues exist about what occurs when a cased explosive thermally cooks off. For example, violence of the events as a function of confinement are important for predictions of collateral damage. This paper demonstrates how adjacent materials can be gauged to measure the resulting pressure wave and how this wave propagates in this adjacent material. The output pulse from the thermal cook-off explosive containing fixture is of obvious interest for assessing many scenarios.
Book Synopsis Pressure Wave Measurements from Thermal Cook-Off of an HMX Based High Explosive PBX 9501 by :
Download or read book Pressure Wave Measurements from Thermal Cook-Off of an HMX Based High Explosive PBX 9501 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A better understanding of thermal cook-off is important for safe handling and storing explosive devices. A number of safety issues exist about what occurs when a cased explosive thermally cooks off. For example, violence of the events as a function of confinement are important for predictions of collateral damage. This paper demonstrates how adjacent materials can be gauged to measure the resulting pressure wave and how this wave propagates in this adjacent material. The output pulse from the thermal cook-off explosive containing fixture is of obvious interest for assessing many scenarios.
Book Synopsis Toward Improved Fidelity of Thermal Explosion Simulations by :
Download or read book Toward Improved Fidelity of Thermal Explosion Simulations written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We will present results of an effort to improve the thermal/chemical/mechanical modeling of HMX based explosive like LX04 and LX10 for thermal cook-off. The original HMX model and analysis scheme were developed by Yoh et.al. for use in the ALE3D modeling framework. The current results were built to remedy the deficiencies of that original model. We concentrated our efforts in four areas. The first area was addition of porosity to the chemical material model framework in ALE3D that is used to model the HMX explosive formulation. This is needed to handle the roughly 2% porosity in solid explosives. The second area was the improvement of the HMX reaction network, which included the inclusion of a reactive phase change model base on work by Henson et.al. The third area required adding early decomposition gas species to the CHEETAH material database to develop more accurate equations of state for gaseous intermediates and products. Finally, it was necessary to improve the implicit mechanics module in ALE3D to more naturally handle the long time scales associated with thermal cook-off. The application of the resulting framework to the analysis of the Scaled Thermal Explosion (STEX) experiments will be discussed.
Book Synopsis Pressure Wave Measurements During Thermal Explosion of HMX-Based High Explosives by :
Download or read book Pressure Wave Measurements During Thermal Explosion of HMX-Based High Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Five different experiments on thermal heating of explosive materials have been performed. Three experiments thermally exploded PBX 9501 (HMX/Estane/BDNPA-F; 9512.512.5 wt %) donor charges while two others thermally exploded LX-04 (HMX/Viton A; 85/15 wt %). These donor charges were encased in 304 stainless steel. The transmitted two-dimensional pressure waves were measured by gauges in acceptor cylinders of Teflon, PBX 9501, or LX-04 that were in contact with the donors' steel case. A fifth experiment measured the pressure in an acceptor charge of PBX 9501 that had a 100 mm stand-off from the top of the steel case of the thermally cooked off PBX 9501 donor charge. Reactive flow hydrodynamic modeling using a rapid deflagration velocity of approximately 500 m/s was able to reproduce the pressure gauge records for both the in contact and stand off experiments that used PBX 9501 donors and acceptors.
Book Synopsis Future Developments in Explosives and Energetics by : Jacqueline Akhavan
Download or read book Future Developments in Explosives and Energetics written by Jacqueline Akhavan and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2023-07-19 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Explosives Conference (IEC) champions cutting-edge, deep-science research conducted internationally in the energetic materials sector. Designed for professionals, academics and researchers, it is involved in the fundamental science of explosives and other energetic materials. Set firmly in the context of ‘future developments’, IEC-2022 presents and debates the themes of: energetic materials and characterisation; manufacturing and processing; response to stimuli; advances in experimental techniques and diagnostics and theory, modelling and simulation. IEC-2022 took place in London from 22 to 24 June 2022 and this publication provides a record of the proceedings for the oral presentations and display posters that were showcased at the event.
Book Synopsis Thermal Explosion Violence of HMX-based Explosives -- Effect of Composition, Confinement and Phase Transition Using the Scaled Thermal Explosion Experiment by :
Download or read book Thermal Explosion Violence of HMX-based Explosives -- Effect of Composition, Confinement and Phase Transition Using the Scaled Thermal Explosion Experiment written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We developed the Scaled Thermal Explosion Experiment (STEX) to provide a database of reaction violence from thermal explosion of explosives of interest. A cylinder of explosive, 1, 2 or 4 inches in diameter, is confined in a steel cylinder with heavy end caps, and heated under controlled conditions until it explodes. Reaction violence is quantified by micropower radar measurement of the cylinder wall velocity, and by strain gauge data at reaction onset. Here we describe the test concept and design, show that the conditions are well understood, and present initial data with HMX-based explosives. The HMX results show that an explosive with high binder content yields less-violent reactions that an explosive with low binder content, and that the HMX phase at the time of explosion plays a key role in reaction violence.
Book Synopsis Molecular Modeling of the Sensitivities of Energetic Materials by : Didier Mathieu
Download or read book Molecular Modeling of the Sensitivities of Energetic Materials written by Didier Mathieu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-04-01 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Modeling of the Sensitivities of Energetic Materials, Volume 22 introduces experimental aspects, explores the relationships between sensitivity, molecular structure and crystal structure, discusses insights from numerical simulations, and highlights applications of these approaches to the design of new materials. Providing practical guidelines for implementing predictive models and their application to the search for new compounds, this book is an authoritative guide to an exciting field of research that warrants a computer-aided approach for the investigation and design of safe and powerful explosives or propellants. Much recent effort has been put into modeling sensitivities, with most work focusing on impact sensitivity and leading to a lot of experimental data in this area. Models must therefore be developed to allow evaluation of significant properties from the structure of constitutive molecules. - Highlights a range of approaches for computational simulation and the importance of combining them to accurately understand or estimate different parameters - Provides an overview of experimental findings and knowledge in a quick and accessible format - Presents guidelines to implement sensitivity models using open-source python-related software, thus supporting easy implementation of flexible models and allowing fast assessment of hypotheses
Book Synopsis Thermal Explosion Violence of HMX-Based and RDX-Based Explosives - Effects of Composition, Confinement, and Solid Phase Using the Scaled Thermal Explosion Experiment by :
Download or read book Thermal Explosion Violence of HMX-Based and RDX-Based Explosives - Effects of Composition, Confinement, and Solid Phase Using the Scaled Thermal Explosion Experiment written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Scaled Thermal Explosion Experiment (STEX) has been developed to quantify the violence of thermal explosion under well defined and carefully controlled initial and boundary conditions. Here we present results with HMX-based explosives (LX-04 and PBX-9501) and with Composition B. Samples are 2 inches (50 mm) in diameter and 8 inches (200 mm) in length, under confinement of 7,500-30,000 psi (50-200 MPa), with heating rates of 1-3 C/hr. We quantify reaction violence by measuring the wall velocity in the ensuing thermal explosion, and relate the measured velocity to that expected from a detonation. Results with HMX-based explosives (LX-04 and PBX-9501) have shown the importance of confinement and HMX solid phase, with reaction violence ranging from mild pressure bursts to near detonations. By contrast, Composition B has shown very violent reactions over a wide range of conditions.
Book Synopsis Ensekigaisen ni yoru kakuyūgō purazuma no shindan, keisoku kenkyū hōkokusho by :
Download or read book Ensekigaisen ni yoru kakuyūgō purazuma no shindan, keisoku kenkyū hōkokusho written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Explosive Trains written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library, Vol. 5 by : Blaine Asay
Download or read book Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library, Vol. 5 written by Blaine Asay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-16 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Los Alamos National Laboratory is an incredible place. It was conceived and born amidst the most desperate of circumstances. It attracted some of the most brilliant minds, the most innovative entrepreneurs, and the most c- ative tinkerers of that generation. Out of that milieu emerged physics and engineering that beforehand was either unimagined, or thought to be f- tasy. One of the ?elds essentially invented during those years was the science of precision high explosives. Before 1942, explosives were used in munitions and commercial pursuits that demanded proper chemistry and con?nement for the necessary e?ect, but little else. The needs and requirements of the Manhattan project were of a much more precise and speci?c nature. Spatial and temporal speci?cations were reduced from centimeters and milliseconds to micrometers and nanoseconds. New theory and computational tools were required along with a raft of new experimental techniques and novel ways of interpreting the results. Over the next 40 years, the emphasis was on higher energy in smaller packages, more precise initiation schemes, better and safer formulations, and greater accuracy in forecasting performance. Researchers from many institutions began working in the emerging and expanding ?eld. In the midst of all of the work and progress in precision initiation and scienti?c study, in the early 1960s, papers began to appear detailing the ?rst quantitative studies of the transition from de?agration to detonation (DDT), ?rst in cast, then in pressed explosives, and ?nally in propellants.
Book Synopsis Violent Cookoff Reactions in HMX-based Explosives in DDT Tubes by :
Download or read book Violent Cookoff Reactions in HMX-based Explosives in DDT Tubes written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chemical-decomposition Models for the Thermal Explosion of Confined HMX, TATB, RDX, and TNT Explosives by :
Download or read book Chemical-decomposition Models for the Thermal Explosion of Confined HMX, TATB, RDX, and TNT Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical decomposition models have been deduced from the available chemical kinetic data on the thermal decomposition of HMX, TATB, RDX, and TNT. A thermal conduction model is used in which the thermal conductivity of the reacting explosive decreases linearly with the mass fraction reacted to that of the gaseous products. These reactive heat flow models are used to predict the time to explosion versus reciprocal temperature curves from several heavily confined explosive tests. Good agreement is obtained between experimental and calculated explosion times for the pure explosives HMX, TATB, RDX, and TNT, mixtures such as RX-26-AF (HMX/TATB), Octol (HMX/TNT), and Comp B (RDX/TNT), and for PBX 9404, an HMX-based explosive containing an energetic nitrocellulose binder.
