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Theory Of Problem Solving
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Book Synopsis How to Solve Problems by : Wayne A. Wickelgren
Download or read book How to Solve Problems written by Wayne A. Wickelgren and published by W.H. Freeman. This book was released on 1974-01-01 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examples help explain the seven basic mathematical problem-solving methods, including inference, classification of action sequences, working backward, and contradiction
Book Synopsis Everyday Problem Solving by : Jan D. Sinnott
Download or read book Everyday Problem Solving written by Jan D. Sinnott and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1989-01-18 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychological, educational, gerontological, marketing, and other literatures all report recent research in everyday problem solving, yet few sources have made these various types of results available in one state-of-the-art volume. Everyday Problem Solving makes accessible many of these points of view for all readers, coordinates them, and provides directions from which to formulate new studies. The wide but methodical scope of this work will interest researchers, clinicians, philosophers, marketing specialists, administrators, artificial intelligence scientists, educators, guidance counselors and psychologists. Undergraduate and graduate students in these fields will also find this an invaluable source. The collection of reports includes an examination of models from information processing theory and postformal cognitive developmental theory, and an overview of the tasks used in everyday problem solving research. Several leading theories, including Sinnott's, are applied to describe the thoughts and emotions of adults as they solve illstructured problems. Reports on applied research include: techniques of master teachers; the ways adults resolve conflicts; consumer behavior; academic intelligence; the connection of memory to problem solving; intervention strategies and the elderly.
Book Synopsis Research and Practice on the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) by : Leonid Chechurin
Download or read book Research and Practice on the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) written by Leonid Chechurin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-12 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book clarifies the common misconception that there are no systematic instruments to support ideation, heuristics and creativity. Using a collection of articles from professionals practicing the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), this book presents an overview of current trends and enhancements within TRIZ in an international context, and shows its different roles in enhancing creativity for innovation in research and practice. Since its first introduction by Genrikh Saulovich Altshuller in 1956 in the USSR, the TRIZ method has been widely used by inventors, design engineers and has become a standard element of innovation support tools in many Fortune 500 companies. However, TRIZ has only recently entered the domain of scientific publications and discussion. This collection of articles is meant as a record of scientific discussion on TRIZ that reflects the most interesting talking points, research interests, results and expectations. Topics such as Creative and Inventive Design, Patent Mining, and Knowledge Harvesting are also covered in this book.
Book Synopsis Social Problem Solving by : Thomas J. D'Zurilla
Download or read book Social Problem Solving written by Thomas J. D'Zurilla and published by Amer Psychological Assn. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "We put together a book that would offer readers multiple perspectives, insights, and directions in understanding social problem solving as an important theory that has driven wide-ranging scientific research and as an important means of training to empower and elevate the lives of individuals. We believe that social problem solving can help individuals free themselves from the problems they face or the distress that these problems cause. We recognize that some problems may be difficult or impossible to solve, but we believe that considerable value remains in understanding and promoting effective social problem solving to foster the novel insights and methods in which problems that seem insurmountable ultimately may be conquered in incremental steps, across time and across individuals. Moreover, we believe that problems can be solved in different ways. When problematic situations or circumstances are manageable or controllable, a good problem solver tries to find ways to change them for the better. However, when such situations or circumstances are unchangeable or uncontrollable, one can still use problem solving to find ways to accept and tolerate with less distress that which cannot be changed or controlled"--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved)
Book Synopsis Group Problem Solving by : Patrick R. Laughlin
Download or read book Group Problem Solving written by Patrick R. Laughlin and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-24 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental research by social and cognitive psychologists has established that cooperative groups solve a wide range of problems better than individuals. Cooperative problem solving groups of scientific researchers, auditors, financial analysts, air crash investigators, and forensic art experts are increasingly important in our complex and interdependent society. This comprehensive textbook--the first of its kind in decades--presents important theories and experimental research about group problem solving. The book focuses on tasks that have demonstrably correct solutions within mathematical, logical, scientific, or verbal systems, including algebra problems, analogies, vocabulary, and logical reasoning problems. The book explores basic concepts in group problem solving, social combination models, group memory, group ability and world knowledge tasks, rule induction problems, letters-to-numbers problems, evidence for positive group-to-individual transfer, and social choice theory. The conclusion proposes ten generalizations that are supported by the theory and research on group problem solving. Group Problem Solving is an essential resource for decision-making research in social and cognitive psychology, but also extremely relevant to multidisciplinary and multicultural problem-solving teams in organizational behavior, business administration, management, and behavioral economics.
Book Synopsis Models of Discovery by : Herbert A. Simon
Download or read book Models of Discovery written by Herbert A. Simon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We respect Herbert A. Simon as an established leader of empirical and logical analysis in the human sciences while we happily think of him as also the loner; of course he works with many colleagues but none can match him. He has been writing fruitfully and steadily for four decades in many fields, among them psychology, logic, decision theory, economics, computer science, management, production engineering, information and control theory, operations research, confirmation theory, and we must have omitted several. With all of them, he is at once the technical scientist and the philosophical critic and analyst. When writing of decisions and actions, he is at the interface of philosophy of science, decision theory, philosophy of the specific social sciences, and inventory theory (itself, for him, at the interface of economic theory, production engineering and information theory). When writing on causality, he is at the interface of methodology, metaphysics, logic and philosophy of physics, systems theory, and so on. Not that the interdisciplinary is his orthodoxy; we are delighted that he has chosen to include in this book both his early and little-appreciated treatment of straightforward philosophy of physics - the axioms of Newtonian mechanics, and also his fine papers on pure confirmation theory.
Book Synopsis Mathematical Problem Solving by : ALAN H. SCHOENFELD
Download or read book Mathematical Problem Solving written by ALAN H. SCHOENFELD and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is addressed to people with research interests in the nature of mathematical thinking at any level, topeople with an interest in "higher-order thinking skills" in any domain, and to all mathematics teachers. The focal point of the book is a framework for the analysis of complex problem-solving behavior. That framework is presented in Part One, which consists of Chapters 1 through 5. It describes four qualitatively different aspects of complex intellectual activity: cognitive resources, the body of facts and procedures at one's disposal; heuristics, "rules of thumb" for making progress in difficult situations; control, having to do with the efficiency with which individuals utilize the knowledge at their disposal; and belief systems, one's perspectives regarding the nature of a discipline and how one goes about working in it. Part Two of the book, consisting of Chapters 6 through 10, presents a series of empirical studies that flesh out the analytical framework. These studies document the ways that competent problem solvers make the most of the knowledge at their disposal. They include observations of students, indicating some typical roadblocks to success. Data taken from students before and after a series of intensive problem-solving courses document the kinds of learning that can result from carefully designed instruction. Finally, observations made in typical high school classrooms serve to indicate some of the sources of students' (often counterproductive) mathematical behavior.
Book Synopsis TRIZ. Theory of Inventive Problem Solving by : Vladimir Petrov
Download or read book TRIZ. Theory of Inventive Problem Solving written by Vladimir Petrov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introductory book describes the initial (first) level of studying the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) from the series “TRIZ from A to Z,” and presents the most general methods for solving inventive problems and generating new ideas. Chapter 1 examines traditional technologies for problem solving, based on trial and error. Chapter 2 describes the general concept of TRIZ, while Chapter 3 explains the main notions of “system” approaches, like system thinking, system and its hierarchy, system effect, emergency, synergetic effect and systematicity. In turn, Chapter 4 describes the notion of “ideality” and Chapter 5 addresses the notion of resources, their types, and methods for using them. Chapter 6 acquaints readers with one of the most important aspects of TRIZ: contradiction. Chapter 7 describes the inventive principles, while Chapter 8 includes descriptions of the systems of trends proposed by G. Altshuller and the author. In closing, the author makes recommendations on how to most effectively use TRIZ tools, on how readers can improve their knowledge, skills and habits concerning the use of TRIZ, and on how they can hone their inventive thinking skills. The book also features Appendices that include analyses of selected problems, a list of the main websites related to TRIZ, and lists of examples, problems, illustrations, tables and formulae.
Book Synopsis Complex Problem Solving by : Peter A. Frensch
Download or read book Complex Problem Solving written by Peter A. Frensch and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a state-of-the-science review of the most promising current European research -- and its historic roots of research -- on complex problem solving (CPS) in Europe. It is an attempt to close the knowledge gap among American scholars regarding the European approach to understanding CPS. Although most of the American researchers are well aware of the fact that CPS has been a very active research area in Europe for quite some time, they do not know any specifics about even the most important research. Part of the reason for this lack of knowledge is undoubtedly the fact that European researchers -- for the most part -- have been rather reluctant to publish their work in English-language journals. The book concentrates on European research because the basic approach European scholars have taken to studying CPS is very different from one taken by North American researchers. Traditionally, American scholars have been studying CPS in "natural" domains -- physics, reading, writing, and chess playing -- concentrating primarily on exploring novice-expert differences and the acquisition of a complex skill. European scholars, in contrast, have been primarily concerned with problem solving behavior in artificially generated, mostly computerized, complex systems. While the American approach has the advantage of high external validity, the European approach has the advantage of system variables that can be systematically manipulated to reveal the effects of system parameters on CPS behavior. The two approaches are thus best viewed as complementing each other. This volume contains contributions from four European countries -- Sweden, Switzerland, Great Britain, and Germany. As such, it accurately represents the bulk of empirical research on CPS which has been conducted in Europe. An international cooperation started two years ago with the goal of bringing the European research on complex problem solving to the awareness of American scholars. A direct result of that effort, the contributions to this book are both informative and comprehensive.
Book Synopsis Thinking and Problem Solving by : Robert J. Sternberg
Download or read book Thinking and Problem Solving written by Robert J. Sternberg and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-05-13 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thinking and Problem-Solving presents a comprehensive and up-to-date review of literature on cognition, reasoning, intelligence, and other formative areas specific to this field. Written for advanced undergraduates, researchers, and academics, this volume is a necessary reference for beginning and established investigators in cognitive and educational psychology. Thinking and Problem-Solving provides insight into questions such as: how do people solve complex problems in mathematics and everyday life? How do we generate new ideas? How do we piece together clues to solve a mystery, categorize novel events, and teach others to do the same? Provides a comprehensive literature review Covers both historical and contemporary approaches Organized for ease of use and reference Chapters authored by leading scholars
Book Synopsis Schemas in Problem Solving by : Sandra P. Marshall
Download or read book Schemas in Problem Solving written by Sandra P. Marshall and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-06-30 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Schemas in Problem Solving introduces a new approach to the study of learning, instruction, and assessment. Focusing on the area of arithmetic story problems, Marshall shows how instruction can lead to more meaningful learning by emphasizing the ways students acquire and store knowledge in memory. She identifies major knowledge structures called schemas, describes instruction designed around theses structures, and assesses the strengths and weaknesses in the knowledge that the students demonstrate following instruction. To evaluate the success of her approach, Marshall describes traditional experiments and computer simulations of student performance.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Number Theory by : Mathew Crawford
Download or read book Introduction to Number Theory written by Mathew Crawford and published by Ingram. This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Learn the fundamentals of number theory from former MATHCOUNTS, AHSME, and AIME perfect scorer Mathew Crawford. Topics covered in the book include primes & composites, multiples & divisors, prime factorization and its uses, base numbers, modular arithmetic, divisibility rules, linear congruences, how to develop number sense, and much more. The text is structured to inspire the reader to explore and develop new ideas. Each section starts with problems, so the student has a chance to solve them without help before proceeding. The text then includes motivated solutions to these problems, through which concepts and curriculum of number theory are taught. Important facts and powerful problem solving approaches are highlighted throughout the text. In addition to the instructional material, the book contains hundreds of problems ... This book is ideal for students who have mastered basic algebra, such as solving linear equations. Middle school students preparing for MATHCOUNTS, high school students preparing for the AMC, and other students seeking to master the fundamentals of number theory will find this book an instrumental part of their mathematics libraries."--Publisher's website
Book Synopsis Problem-Solving and Selected Topics in Number Theory by : Michael Th. Rassias
Download or read book Problem-Solving and Selected Topics in Number Theory written by Michael Th. Rassias and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-16 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a self-contained introduction to classical Number Theory. All the proofs of the individual theorems and the solutions of the exercises are being presented step by step. Some historical remarks are also presented. The book will be directed to advanced undergraduate, beginning graduate students as well as to students who prepare for mathematical competitions (ex. Mathematical Olympiads and Putnam Mathematical competition).
Book Synopsis Theory of Constraints by : NANCY. OLEY
Download or read book Theory of Constraints written by NANCY. OLEY and published by Productivity Press. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was written to assist professionals and students to become proactive in their own education, improve thinking, resolve personal and interpersonal conflicts, improve pedagogy, manage departmental affairs and guide administrative decisions. The text captures the practical experience of the authors with and formal training in TOC to address many of the issues facing today's education stakeholders. The text is designed to teach methods for 1) "win-win" conflict resolution, 2) decision-making, 3) problem solving, and 4) analysis of systems using TOC's powerful logic-based graphical Thinking Process tools. A creative thinker can identify, plan and achieve his or her goals just knowing the Thinking Process Tools.
Book Synopsis Methods of Solving Number Theory Problems by : Ellina Grigorieva
Download or read book Methods of Solving Number Theory Problems written by Ellina Grigorieva and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2018-07-06 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through its engaging and unusual problems, this book demonstrates methods of reasoning necessary for learning number theory. Every technique is followed by problems (as well as detailed hints and solutions) that apply theorems immediately, so readers can solve a variety of abstract problems in a systematic, creative manner. New solutions often require the ingenious use of earlier mathematical concepts - not the memorization of formulas and facts. Questions also often permit experimental numeric validation or visual interpretation to encourage the combined use of deductive and intuitive thinking. The first chapter starts with simple topics like even and odd numbers, divisibility, and prime numbers and helps the reader to solve quite complex, Olympiad-type problems right away. It also covers properties of the perfect, amicable, and figurate numbers and introduces congruence. The next chapter begins with the Euclidean algorithm, explores the representations of integer numbers in different bases, and examines continued fractions, quadratic irrationalities, and the Lagrange Theorem. The last section of Chapter Two is an exploration of different methods of proofs. The third chapter is dedicated to solving Diophantine linear and nonlinear equations and includes different methods of solving Fermat’s (Pell’s) equations. It also covers Fermat’s factorization techniques and methods of solving challenging problems involving exponent and factorials. Chapter Four reviews the Pythagorean triple and quadruple and emphasizes their connection with geometry, trigonometry, algebraic geometry, and stereographic projection. A special case of Waring’s problem as a representation of a number by the sum of the squares or cubes of other numbers is covered, as well as quadratic residuals, Legendre and Jacobi symbols, and interesting word problems related to the properties of numbers. Appendices provide a historic overview of number theory and its main developments from the ancient cultures in Greece, Babylon, and Egypt to the modern day. Drawing from cases collected by an accomplished female mathematician, Methods in Solving Number Theory Problems is designed as a self-study guide or supplementary textbook for a one-semester course in introductory number theory. It can also be used to prepare for mathematical Olympiads. Elementary algebra, arithmetic and some calculus knowledge are the only prerequisites. Number theory gives precise proofs and theorems of an irreproachable rigor and sharpens analytical thinking, which makes this book perfect for anyone looking to build their mathematical confidence.
Book Synopsis Real Mathematical Analysis by : Charles Chapman Pugh
Download or read book Real Mathematical Analysis written by Charles Chapman Pugh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Was plane geometry your favourite math course in high school? Did you like proving theorems? Are you sick of memorising integrals? If so, real analysis could be your cup of tea. In contrast to calculus and elementary algebra, it involves neither formula manipulation nor applications to other fields of science. None. It is Pure Mathematics, and it is sure to appeal to the budding pure mathematician. In this new introduction to undergraduate real analysis the author takes a different approach from past studies of the subject, by stressing the importance of pictures in mathematics and hard problems. The exposition is informal and relaxed, with many helpful asides, examples and occasional comments from mathematicians like Dieudonne, Littlewood and Osserman. The author has taught the subject many times over the last 35 years at Berkeley and this book is based on the honours version of this course. The book contains an excellent selection of more than 500 exercises.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Educational Psychology by : David C. Berliner
Download or read book Handbook of Educational Psychology written by David C. Berliner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004 with total page 1075 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sponsored by Division 15 of APA, the second edition of this groundbreaking book has been expanded to 41 chapters that provide unparalleled coverage of this far-ranging field. Internationally recognized scholars contribute up-to-date reviews and critical syntheses of the following areas: foundations and the future of educational psychology, learners' development, individual differences, cognition, motivation, content area teaching, socio-cultural perspectives on teaching and learning, teachers and teaching, instructional design, teacher assessment, and modern perspectives on research methodologies, data, and data analysis. New chapters cover topics such as adult development, self-regulation, changes in knowledge and beliefs, and writing. Expanded treatment has been given to cognition, motivation, and new methodologies for gathering and analyzing data. The Handbook of Educational Psychology, Second Editionprovides an indispensable reference volume for scholars, teacher educators, in-service practitioners, policy makers and the academic libraries serving these audiences. It is also appropriate for graduate level courses devoted to the study of educational psychology. s, teacher educators, in-service practitioners, policy makers and the academic libraries serving these audiences. It is also appropriate for graduate level courses devoted to the study of educational psychology.
