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The Utility Of Meaning
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Book Synopsis The Utility of Meaning by : N. J. Enfield
Download or read book The Utility of Meaning written by N. J. Enfield and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that the complex, anthropocentric, and often culture-specific meanings of words have been shaped directly by their history of 'utility' for communication in social life, and explores relations between language, communication, culture, and mind. It contains extensive data from the author's fieldwork on language and culture in Laos.
Book Synopsis Design: A Very Short Introduction by : John Heskett
Download or read book Design: A Very Short Introduction written by John Heskett and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2005-06-23 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Heskett wants to transform the way we think about design by showing how integral it is to our daily lives, from the spoon we use to eat our breakfast cereal, and the car we drive to work in, to the medical equipment used to save lives. Design combines 'need' and 'desire' in the form of a practical object that can also reflect the user's identity and aspirations through its form and decoration. This concise guide to contemporary design goes beyond style and taste to look at how different cultures and individuals personalize objects. Heskett also reveals how simple objects, such as a toothpick, can have their design modified to suit the specific cultural behaviour in different countries. There are also fascinating insights into how major companies such as Nokia, Ford, and Sony approach design. Finally, the author gives us an exciting vision of what design can offer us in the future, showing in particular how it can humanize new technology. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
Book Synopsis Historical Meaning of Utility in Education by : Angus James Hodgin
Download or read book Historical Meaning of Utility in Education written by Angus James Hodgin and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Measurement of Utility by : Tapas Majumdar
Download or read book The Measurement of Utility written by Tapas Majumdar and published by London : Macmillan ; New York : St. Martin's Press. This book was released on 1958 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Utility written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2024-02-05 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is Utility In economics, utility is a measure of the satisfaction that a certain person has from a certain state of the world. Over time, the term has been used in two different meanings.The term was introduced initially as a measure of pleasure or happiness as part of the theory of utilitarianism, by moral philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. In this context, the utilities of different people in the same state are comparable. In particular, one can compute the sum of all peoples' utilities in each state, and choose the state in which the sum is maximized; this leads to the utilitarian rule of social choice.The term has been adapted and reapplied within neoclassical economics, which dominates modern economic theory, as a representation of a consumer's ordinal preferences over a choice set. In this context, utility is not comparable across different consumers or possessing a cardinal interpretation. In fact, every monotone transformation of a utility function represents the same ordinal ranking over the alternatives, and thus is equivalent from the neoclassical economics point of view. In game theory, too, utility is used in the same meaning. This concept of utility is personal and based on choice rather than on pleasure received, and so requires fewer behavioral assumptions than the original concept. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Utility Chapter 2: Indifference curve Chapter 3: Arrow's impossibility theorem Chapter 4: Social welfare function Chapter 5: Consumer choice Chapter 6: Welfare economics Chapter 7: Expected utility hypothesis Chapter 8: Utility maximization problem Chapter 9: Marshallian demand function Chapter 10: Ordinal utility Chapter 11: Cardinal utility Chapter 12: Revealed preference Chapter 13: Constant elasticity of substitution Chapter 14: Quasilinear utility Chapter 15: Von Neumann-Morgenstern utility theorem Chapter 16: Preference (economics) Chapter 17: Preference Chapter 18: Debreu's representation theorems Chapter 19: Multi-attribute utility Chapter 20: Dichotomous preferences Chapter 21: Responsive set extension (II) Answering the public top questions about utility. (III) Real world examples for the usage of utility in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Utility.
Book Synopsis The Foundations of Expected Utility by : P.C. Fishburn
Download or read book The Foundations of Expected Utility written by P.C. Fishburn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a unified treatment of my research in the foundations of expected utility theory from around 1965 to 1980. While parts are new, the presentation draws heavily on published articles and a few chapters in my 1970 monograph on utility theory. The diverse notations and styles of the sources have of course been reconciled here, and their topics arranged in a logical sequence. The two parts of the book take their respective cues from the von Neumann-Morgenstern axiomatization of preferences between risky options and from Savage's foundational treatment of decision making under uncertainty. Both parts are studies in the axiomatics of preferences for decision situations and in numerical representations for preferences. Proofs of the representation and uniqueness theorems appear at the ends of the chapters so as not to impede the flow of the discussion. A few warnings on notation are in order. The numbers for theorems cited within a chapter have no prefix if they appear in that chapter, but otherwise carry a chapter prefix (Theorem 3.2 is Theorem 2 in Chapter 3). All lower case Greek letters refer to numbers in the closed interval from o to 1. The same symbol in different chapters has essentially the same meaning with one major exception: x, y, ... mean quite different things in different chapters. I am indebted to many people for their help and encouragement.
Book Synopsis Construction, Validation, and Clinical Utility of a Measure of Perceived Life Meaning by : Nathan Mascaro
Download or read book Construction, Validation, and Clinical Utility of a Measure of Perceived Life Meaning written by Nathan Mascaro and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measuring Utility written by Ivan Moscati and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-10-25 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Utility is a key concept in the economics of individual decision-making. However, utility is not measurable in a straightforward way. As a result, from the very beginning there has been debates about the meaning of utility as well as how to measure it. This book is an innovative investigation of how these arguments changed over time. Measuring Utility reconstructs economists' ideas and discussions about utility measurement from 1870 to 1985, as well as their attempts to measure utility empirically. The book brings into focus the interplay between the evolution of utility analysis, economists' ideas about utility measurement, and their conception of what measurement in general means. It also explores the relationships between the history of utility measurement in economics, the history of the measurement of sensations in psychology, and the history of measurement theory in general. Finally, the book discusses some methodological problems related to utility measurement, such as the epistemological status of the utility concept and its measures. The first part covers the period 1870-1910, and discusses the issue of utility measurement in the theories of Jevons, Menger, Walras and other early utility theorists. Part II deals with the emergence of the notions of ordinal and cardinal utility during the period 1900-1945, and discusses two early attempts to give an empirical content to the notion of utility. Part III focuses on the 1945-1955 debate on utility measurement that was originated by von Neumann and Morgenstern's expected utility theory (EUT). Part IV reconstructs the experimental attempts to measure the utility of money between 1950 and 1985 within the framework provided by EUT. This historical and epistemological overview provides keen insights into current debates about rational choice theory and behavioral economics in the theory of individual decision-making and the philosophy of economics.
Book Synopsis Foundations of Utility and Risk Theory with Applications by : Bernt P. Stigum
Download or read book Foundations of Utility and Risk Theory with Applications written by Bernt P. Stigum and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume we present some o~ the papers that were delivered at FUR-82 - the First International Con~erence on Foundations o~ Utility and Risk Theory in Oslo, June 1982. The purpose o~ the con~erence was to provide a ~orum within which scientists could report on interesting applications o~ modern decision theory and exchange ideas about controversial issues in the ~oundations o~ the theory o~ choice under un certainty. With that purpose in mind we have selected a mixture of applied and theoretical papers that we hope will appeal to a wide spectrum o~ readers ~rom graduate students in social science departments and business schools to people involved in making hardheaded decisions in business and government. In an introductory article Ole Hagen gives an overview o~ various paradoxes in utility and risk theory and discusses these in the light o~ scientific methodology. He concludes the article by calling ~or joint efforts to provide decision makers with warkable theories. Kenneth Arrow takes up the same issue on a broad basis in his paper where he discusses the implications o~ behavior under uncertainty for policy. In the theoretical papers the reader will ~ind attempts at de~initive Statements of the meaning o~ old concepts and suggestions for the adoption o~ new concepts. For instance, Maurice Allais discusses four di~ferent interpretations o~ the axioms o~ probability and explains the need ~or an empirical characterization o~ the concept of chance.
Book Synopsis Valuing Health by : Daniel M. Hausman
Download or read book Valuing Health written by Daniel M. Hausman and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Valuing Health provides a philosophically sophisticated overview of generic health measurement systems, which clarifies their value commitments and criticizes their dependence on preference surveys to assign values to health states. In it, philosopher Daniel M. Hausman argues that the public value of health states depends on the activity limits and suffering that health states impose.
Book Synopsis Fair Value by : Harleigh Holroyd Hartman
Download or read book Fair Value written by Harleigh Holroyd Hartman and published by . This book was released on 1920 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Utilities Code written by Texas and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nature, the Utility of Religion, and Theism by : John Stuart Mill
Download or read book Nature, the Utility of Religion, and Theism written by John Stuart Mill and published by Theclassics.Us. This book was released on 2013-09 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1885 edition. Excerpt: ... NATURE "VTATURE, natural, and the group of words derived from them, or allied to them in etymology, have at all times filled a great place in the thoughts and taken a strong hold on the feelings of mankind. That they should have done so is not surprising, when we consider what the words, in their primitive and most obvious signification, represent; but it is unfortunate that a set of terms which play so great a part in moral and metaphysical speculation, should have acquired many meanings different from the primary one, yet sufficiently allied to it to admit of confusion. The words have thus become entangled in so many foreign associations, mostly of a very powerful and tenacious character, that they have come to excite, and to be the symbols of, feelings which their original meaning will by no means justify; and which have made them one of the most copious sources of false taste, false philosophy, false morality, and even bad law. The most important application of the Socratic Elenchus, as exhibited and improved by Plato, consists in dissecting large abstractions of this description; fixing down to a precise definition the meaning which as popularly used they merely shadow forth, and questioning and testing the common maxims and opinions in which they bear a part. It is to be regretted that among the instructive specimens of this kind of investigation which Plato has left, and to which subsequent times have been so much indebted for whatever intellectual clearness they have attained, he has not enriched posterity with a dialogue nepl (pvaewg. If the idea denoted by the word had been subjected to his searching analysis, and the popular commonplaces in which it figures had been submitted to the ordeal of his powerful dialectics, his...
Book Synopsis Interesting Economic And Marketing Questions And Explanations by : Johnny Ch Lok
Download or read book Interesting Economic And Marketing Questions And Explanations written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by . This book was released on 2019-07-09 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (13) What does economic utility mean ?Utility is a term used by economists to describe the measurement of "useful-ness" that a consumer obtains from any good. Utility is the want satisfying power of any commodity or capacity of a commodity to give satisfaction. Utility may measure how much one enjoys a movie, or the sense of security one gets from buying a deadbolt. The utility of any object or circumstance can be considered. Some examples include the utility from eating an apple, from living in a certain house, from voting for a specific candidate, from having a given wireless phone plan. In fact, every decision that an individual makes in their daily life can be viewed as a comparison between the utility gained from pursuing one option or another.Such as medical industry case, when the patient had eaten the kind of medicine long time, but he can not feel more health. Then, the patient will feel less economic and enjoyable utility to continue to choose the kind of medicine to eat, because he feels this kind of medicine can not increase his body to be more health effectively. So, in psychological view point, this patient will lose enjoyable utility to choose to eat this kind of medicine and he also feels this kind of medicine's price ought be reduced when he continue to choose to eat this kind of medicine. Otherwise, any kinds of medicines which economic utility and enjoyable utility must be larger to compare this kind of medicine because he had not attempted to choose to eat other kinds of medicine. SO, enjoyable and economic utility depends on the consumer feels the product's function which can bring how much satisfactory level to let he/she to feel when he uses long time. If the product can bring long time satisfactory level to let he to feel, then the product will have much economic or enjoyable utility to the consumer. Otherwise, if the product can bring less time satisfactory level to let he to feel, then the product will have less economic or enjoyable utility to the consumer. So, every consumer economic or enjoyable utility is difference, it depends on whether he/she feels the product is worth to use.In economics, we usually say that an individual is "rational" if that individual maximizes utility in their decisions to care about life and money. That is, whenever an individual is to choose between a group of options, they are rational if they choose the option that, all else equal, gives the greatest success. Recalling that utility includes every element of a decision, this assumption is not particularly difficult to accept. If, when everything is taken into account, one decision provides the greatest utility, which is equivalent to meaning that it is the most preferred, then we would expect the individual to take that most preferred option. This should not necessarily be taken to mean that individuals who fail to quantify and measure every decision they make are behaving irrationally. Rather, this means that a rational individual is one who always selects that option that they prefer the most. The rationality assumption may seem trivial, but this is the best it is basic to the study of economics. This assumption gives a basis for modeling human behavior and decision making. If we could not assume rationality, it would be impossible to say what, when presented with a set of choices, an individual would select. The notion of rationality is therefore central to any understanding of microeconomics.
Book Synopsis The Utility of Force by : Rupert Smith
Download or read book The Utility of Force written by Rupert Smith and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2007-01-16 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a highly decorated general, a brilliant new way of understanding war and its role in the twenty-first century. Drawing on his vast experience as a commander during the first Gulf War, and in Bosnia, Kosovo, and Northern Ireland, General Rupert Smith gives us a probing analysis of modern war. He demonstrates why today’s conflicts must be understood as intertwined political and military events, and makes clear why the current model of total war has failed in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other recent campaigns. Smith offers a compelling contemporary vision for how to secure our world and the consequences of ignoring the new, shifting face of war.
Book Synopsis Models of Decision-Making by : Paul Weirich
Download or read book Models of Decision-Making written by Paul Weirich and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-02-05 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classical decision theory evaluates entire worlds, specified so as to include everything a decision-maker cares about. Thus applying decision theory requires performing computations far beyond an ordinary decision-maker's ability. In this book Paul Weirich explains how individuals can simplify and streamline their choices. He shows how different 'parts' of options (intrinsic, temporal, spatiotemporal, causal) are separable, so that we can know what difference one part makes to the value of an option, regardless of what happens in the other parts. He suggests that the primary value of options is found in basic intrinsic attitudes towards outcomes: desires, aversions, or indifferences. And using these two facts he argues that we need only compare small parts of the options we face in order to make a rational decision. This important book will interest readers in decision theory, economics, and the behavioral sciences.
Book Synopsis FAIR VALUE THE MEANING & APPLI by : Harleigh Holroyd 1885 Hartman
Download or read book FAIR VALUE THE MEANING & APPLI written by Harleigh Holroyd 1885 Hartman and published by . This book was released on 2016-08-26 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
