The Strategies of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X in the Course of the Mass African-American Protest of the Early 1960s

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Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3640568729
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis The Strategies of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X in the Course of the Mass African-American Protest of the Early 1960s by : Stefan Küpper

Download or read book The Strategies of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X in the Course of the Mass African-American Protest of the Early 1960s written by Stefan Küpper and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-03-19 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2008 in the subject American Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 2,0, University of Reading (Department of History), language: English, abstract: In 1966, Martin Luther King, Jr. still held the opinion that violent resistance to white supremacy would be futile. But at this time a certain group of people, especially young blacks in the northern cities, turned towards a strategy of armed resistance which was spread by radical black nationalists like Malcolm X. Beginning shortly after the Second World War, when the hopes of most African Americans for racial equality were not fulfilled, and on its peak at the end of the 1950s, an increasing number of blacks protested peacefully against discrimination. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and leading figures like MLK helped to organize several demonstrations, sit-ins (Greensboro lunch counter sit-in, 1960) and boycotts (Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955), aiming at full integration of black Americans. At the same time, but evidently opposing these nonviolent forms of protest, the Nation of Islam (NoI), amongst them Malcolm X, demanded a new kind of Black Nationalism which emphasized black pride, unity and self-respect. Nevertheless, these pragmatic radicals aimed at separatism, but the vehicle to achieve it was supposed to be a revolution. These two antagonistic approaches determined the Civil Rights Movement from the mid 1950s onward.

The Sword and the Shield

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Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 1541617851
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (416 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sword and the Shield by : Peniel E. Joseph

Download or read book The Sword and the Shield written by Peniel E. Joseph and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dual biography of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King upends longstanding preconceptions to transform our understanding of the twentieth century's most iconic African American leaders. To most Americans, Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. represent contrasting ideals: self-defense vs. nonviolence, black power vs. civil rights, the sword vs. the shield. The struggle for black freedom is wrought with the same contrasts. While nonviolent direct action is remembered as an unassailable part of American democracy, the movement's militancy is either vilified or erased outright. In The Sword and the Shield, Peniel E. Joseph upends these misconceptions and reveals a nuanced portrait of two men who, despite markedly different backgrounds, inspired and pushed each other throughout their adult lives. This is a strikingly revisionist biography, not only of Malcolm and Martin, but also of the movement and era they came to define.

Stokely

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Publisher : Civitas Books
ISBN 13 : 0465080480
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis Stokely by : Peniel E. Joseph

Download or read book Stokely written by Peniel E. Joseph and published by Civitas Books. This book was released on 2014-03-04 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the author of The Sword and the Shield, this definitive biography of the Black Power activist Stokely Carmichael offers "an unflinching look at an unflinching man" (Daily Beast). Stokely Carmichael, the charismatic and controversial Black activist, stepped onto the pages of history when he called for "Black Power" during a speech one Mississippi night in 1966. A firebrand who straddled both the American civil rights and Black Power movements, Carmichael would stand for the rest of his life at the center of the storm he had unleashed. In Stokely, preeminent civil rights scholar Peniel E. Joseph presents a groundbreaking biography of Carmichael, using his life as a prism through which to view the transformative African American freedom struggles of the twentieth century. A nuanced and authoritative portrait, Stokely captures the life of the man whose uncompromising vision defined political radicalism and provoked a national reckoning on race and democracy.

Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. Differences and the Role of the Media

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Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3668116334
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (681 download)

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Book Synopsis Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. Differences and the Role of the Media by :

Download or read book Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. Differences and the Role of the Media written by and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2015-12-28 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 2,0, , course: The 1960s, language: English, abstract: Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr. are two of the most important leaders in the black freedom movement of the 1950s and 1960s. Their contributions are highly valued until today, although people’s opinions on the two leaders vary: some support the one and disapprove of the other. Furthermore, during their lifetime and even after their death, both were perceived as having followed two different ideologies. Their differing opinions on violence and non-violence, integration and separatism were regarded as preventing the two from moving closer to each other. Therefore, people regarded and portrayed them as adversaries since their images arouse controversial feelings, admiration and disapproval, among black and white people. On the bright side, Martin Luther King, Jr. the well-educated, peaceful promoter of love and hope in contradistinction to Malcolm X, on the dark side, the autodidact, radical Black Muslim extremist. Apparently this seemed to be the two poles in public imagination which the American mass media had contributed to. Where might these diferences come from, are they justified and what impact did the media play in the process of creating these public images? In order to adress these questions, this work is going to examine the two men's life, thought, and work in more detail.

Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, and the Civil Rights Struggle of the 1950s and 1960s

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Publisher : Macmillan Higher Education
ISBN 13 : 1319241697
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, and the Civil Rights Struggle of the 1950s and 1960s by : David Howard-Pitney

Download or read book Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, and the Civil Rights Struggle of the 1950s and 1960s written by David Howard-Pitney and published by Macmillan Higher Education. This book was released on 2004-02-20 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The civil rights movement’s most prominent leaders, Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929–1968) and Malcolm X (1925–1965), represent two wings of the revolt against racism: nonviolent resistance and revolution "by any means necessary." This volume presents the two leaders’ relationship to the civil rights movement beyond a simplified dualism. A rich selection of speeches, essays, and excerpts from Malcolm X’s autobiography and King’s sermons shows the breadth and range of each man’s philosophy, demonstrating their differences, similarities, and evolution over time. Organized into six topical groups, the documents allow students to compare the leaders’ views on subjects including integration, the American dream, means of struggle, and opposing racial philosophies. An interpretive introductory essay, chronology, selected bibliography, document headnotes, and questions for consideration provide further pedagogical support.

Martin Luther King Jr. and Peaceful Protest

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Publisher : Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC
ISBN 13 : 1502618656
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis Martin Luther King Jr. and Peaceful Protest by : Kelly Spence

Download or read book Martin Luther King Jr. and Peaceful Protest written by Kelly Spence and published by Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Martin Luther King Jr. followed the lead of Mahatma Gandhi and employed nonviolent civil disobedience to fight discrimination. His methods brought about some of the most effective civil rights legislation in our country’s history and earned him a Nobel Peace Prize. Those methods also brought criticism from whites who said he was pushing too fast, and from African Americans who advocated violence to speed up change.

Living Black History

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Publisher : Civitas Books
ISBN 13 : 0786722444
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis Living Black History by : Manning Marable

Download or read book Living Black History written by Manning Marable and published by Civitas Books. This book was released on 2006-01-03 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are the stars of the Civil Rights firmament yesterday's news? In Living Black History scholar and activist Manning Marable offers a resounding "No!" with a fresh and personal look at the enduring legacy of such well-known figures as Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, Jr., Medgar Evers and W.E.B. Du Bois. Marable creates a "living history" that brings the past alive for a generation he sees as having historical amnesia. His activist passion and scholarly memory bring immediacy to the tribulations and triumphs of yesterday and reveal that history is something that happens everyday. Living Black History dismisses the detachment of the codified version of American history that we all grew up with. Marable's holistic understanding of history counts the story of the slave as much as that of the master; he highlights the flesh-and-blood courage of those figures who have been robbed of their visceral humanity as members of the historical cannon. As people comprehend this dynamic portrayal of history they will begin to understand that each day we-the average citizen-are "makers" of our own American history. Living Black History will empower readers with knowledge of their collective past and a greater understanding of their part in forming our future.

Race Matters

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Publisher : Beacon Press
ISBN 13 : 9780807009727
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis Race Matters by : Cornel West

Download or read book Race Matters written by Cornel West and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now more than ever, Race Matters is a book for all Americans, as it helps us to build a genuine multiracial democracy in the new millennium."--BOOK JACKET.

From Civil Rights to Human Rights

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Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812200004
Total Pages : 469 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis From Civil Rights to Human Rights by : Thomas F. Jackson

Download or read book From Civil Rights to Human Rights written by Thomas F. Jackson and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2013-07-17 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Martin Luther King, Jr., is widely celebrated as an American civil rights hero. Yet King's nonviolent opposition to racism, militarism, and economic injustice had deeper roots and more radical implications than is commonly appreciated, Thomas F. Jackson argues in this searching reinterpretation of King's public ministry. Between the 1940s and the 1960s, King was influenced by and in turn reshaped the political cultures of the black freedom movement and democratic left. His vision of unfettered human rights drew on the diverse tenets of the African American social gospel, socialism, left-New Deal liberalism, Gandhian philosophy, and Popular Front internationalism. King's early leadership reached beyond southern desegregation and voting rights. As the freedom movement of the 1950s and early 1960s confronted poverty and economic reprisals, King championed trade union rights, equal job opportunities, metropolitan integration, and full employment. When the civil rights and antipoverty policies of the Johnson administration failed to deliver on the movement's goals of economic freedom for all, King demanded that the federal government guarantee jobs, income, and local power for poor people. When the Vietnam war stalled domestic liberalism, King called on the nation to abandon imperialism and become a global force for multiracial democracy and economic justice. Drawing widely on published and unpublished archival sources, Jackson explains the contexts and meanings of King's increasingly open call for "a radical redistribution of political and economic power" in American cities, the nation, and the world. The mid-1960s ghetto uprisings were in fact revolts against unemployment, powerlessness, police violence, and institutionalized racism, King argued. His final dream, a Poor People's March on Washington, aimed to mobilize Americans across racial and class lines to reverse a national cycle of urban conflict, political backlash, and policy retrenchment. King's vision of economic democracy and international human rights remains a powerful inspiration for those committed to ending racism and poverty in our time.

Martin Luther King

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Publisher : 50Minutes.com
ISBN 13 : 2806290058
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Martin Luther King by : 50minutes,

Download or read book Martin Luther King written by 50minutes, and published by 50Minutes.com. This book was released on 2017-03-01 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keen to learn but short on time? Get to grips with the life of Martin Luther King, Jr. in next to no time with this concise guide. 50Minutes.com provides a clear and engaging analysis of the life and political activism of Martin Luther King, Jr. In the mid-20th century, black Americans continued to experience widespread segregation and discrimination. This gave rise to a dynamic Civil Rights Movement which demanded equal treatment for all Americans. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a key figure in this movement, and the lasting impact of his powerful speeches and peaceful methods means that he remains one of the most widely known and admired political activists in the world. In just 50 minutes you will: • Learn about the various discriminatory measures affecting African-Americans from the Civil War onwards • Discover the role of Martin Luther King, Jr. and his doctrine of non-violence in the Civil Rights Movement • Understand the impact of King’s actions and his continuing legacy in America and beyond ABOUT 50MINUTES.COM | History & Culture 50MINUTES.COM will enable you to quickly understand the main events, people, conflicts and discoveries from world history that have shaped the world we live in today. Our publications present the key information on a wide variety of topics in a quick and accessible way that is guaranteed to save you time on your journey of discovery.

Faces of the Civil Rights Movement

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Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781979563291
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (632 download)

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Book Synopsis Faces of the Civil Rights Movement by : Charles River Charles River Editors

Download or read book Faces of the Civil Rights Movement written by Charles River Charles River Editors and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Includes pictures of King, Malcolm X, and important people, places, and events in their lives. *Explains the origins of Malcolm X's name and Martin Luther King Jr.'s name. *Includes a bibliography of King for further reading. Today, a man born Michael King Jr. is one of the most famous Americans in history, his name having been changed at the age of 5 to one the world fondly remembers: Martin Luther King Jr. The life and legend of Dr. King have been told to every American, many of whom come away equating King with the Civil Rights Movement as a whole. But King's life was about far more than leading movements and having dreams. At the height of the Civil Rights Movement, while much of the nation's attention was given to peaceful protests, boycotts, and figures like Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr., a young man named Malcolm Little was rising through the ranks to become one of the leaders of the Nation of Islam. As Malcolm X, he would come to be one of the most controversial figures in 20th century America, hailed as a bold civil rights activist by some and reviled as a violent racist by others. What everyone can agree on, however, is that Malcolm X was one of the most influential black leaders of the 20th century. As the two biggest leaders of their respective civil rights movements, Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. battled for the hearts and minds of Americans, and they even battled against each other, with Malcolm X famously calling King a "chump" and King referring to Malcolm's message as "fiery, demagogic oratory." Faces of the Civil Rights Movement chronicles the lives of these two leaders, whose different ideologies made them advocate vastly different approaches in pursuit of a common goal. This ebook also humanizes the two leaders, both of whom wanted to follow in the footsteps of their fathers, both of whom became leaders of their movements, and both of whom had notorious shortcomings. Along the way, you will learn things about Malcolm X and Dr. King you never knew, including the origins of their names, how they reached their positions, a bitterly contested court case over some of King's papers, and the off-the-cuff origins of King's I Have a Dream speech. Along with pictures of the important people, places, and events in his life, you will learn about Dr. King and Malcolm X like you never have before, in no time at all.

Why We Can't Wait

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Publisher : Beacon Press
ISBN 13 : 0807001139
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Why We Can't Wait by : Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Download or read book Why We Can't Wait written by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 2011-01-11 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. King’s best-selling account of the civil rights movement in Birmingham during the spring and summer of 1963 On April 16, 1963, as the violent events of the Birmingham campaign unfolded in the city’s streets, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., composed a letter from his prison cell in response to local religious leaders’ criticism of the campaign. The resulting piece of extraordinary protest writing, “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” was widely circulated and published in numerous periodicals. After the conclusion of the campaign and the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963, King further developed the ideas introduced in the letter in Why We Can’t Wait, which tells the story of African American activism in the spring and summer of 1963. During this time, Birmingham, Alabama, was perhaps the most racially segregated city in the United States, but the campaign launched by King, Fred Shuttlesworth, and others demonstrated to the world the power of nonviolent direct action. Often applauded as King’s most incisive and eloquent book, Why We Can’t Wait recounts the Birmingham campaign in vivid detail, while underscoring why 1963 was such a crucial year for the civil rights movement. Disappointed by the slow pace of school desegregation and civil rights legislation, King observed that by 1963—during which the country celebrated the one-hundredth anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation—Asia and Africa were “moving with jetlike speed toward gaining political independence but we still creep at a horse-and-buggy pace.” King examines the history of the civil rights struggle, noting tasks that future generations must accomplish to bring about full equality, and asserts that African Americans have already waited over three centuries for civil rights and that it is time to be proactive: “For years now, I have heard the word ‘Wait!’ It rings in the ear of every Negro with piercing familiarity. This ‘Wait’ has almost always meant ‘Never.’ We must come to see, with one of our distinguished jurists, that ‘justice too long delayed is justice denied.’”

Selma to Saigon

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Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813145090
Total Pages : 395 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Selma to Saigon by : Daniel S. Lucks

Download or read book Selma to Saigon written by Daniel S. Lucks and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2014-03-19 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Selma to Saigon Daniel S. Lucks explores the impact of the Vietnam War on the national civil rights movement. Through detailed research and a powerful narrative, Lucks illuminates the effects of the Vietnam War on leaders such as Whitney Young Jr., Stokely Carmichael, Roy Wilkins, Bayard Rustin, and Martin Luther King Jr., as well as lesser-known Americans in the movement who faced the threat of the military draft as well as racial discrimination and violence.

Stride Toward Freedom

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Publisher : Harper San Francisco
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Stride Toward Freedom by : Martin Luther King (Jr.)

Download or read book Stride Toward Freedom written by Martin Luther King (Jr.) and published by Harper San Francisco. This book was released on 1958 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronicles the Montgomery, Alabama bus boycott sparked by Mrs. Rosa Park's refusal to give up her seat to a white male, describing the plans and problems of a nonviolent campaign, reprisals by the white community, and the eventual attainment of desegrated city bus service.

The Autobiography of Malcolm X

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Publisher : Penguin Modern Classics
ISBN 13 : 9780141185439
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (854 download)

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Book Synopsis The Autobiography of Malcolm X by : Malcolm X

Download or read book The Autobiography of Malcolm X written by Malcolm X and published by Penguin Modern Classics. This book was released on 1965 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malcolm X's blazing, legendary autobiography, completed shortly before his assassination in 1965, depicts a remarkable life: a child born into rage and despair, who turned to street-hustling and cocaine in the Harlem ghetto, followed by prison, where he converted to the Black Muslims and honed the energy and brilliance that made him one of the most important political figures of his time - and an icon in ours. It also charts the spiritual journey that took him beyond militancy, and led to his murder, a powerful story of transformation, redemption and betrayal. Vilified by his critics as an anti-white demagogue, Malcolm X gave a voice to unheard African-Americans, bringing them pride, hope and fearlessness, and remains an inspirational and controversial figure today.

Revolution in the Air

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Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1786634597
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (866 download)

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Book Synopsis Revolution in the Air by : Max Elbaum

Download or read book Revolution in the Air written by Max Elbaum and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2018-04-10 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first in-depth study of the long march of the US New Left after 1968 The sixties were a time when radical movements learned to embrace twentieth-century Marxism. Revolution in the Air is the definitive study of this turning point, and examines what the resistance of today can learn from the legacies of Lenin, Mao and Che. It tells the story of the “new communist movement” which was the most racially integrated and fast-growing movement on the Left. Thousands of young activists, radicalized by the Vietnam War and Black Liberation, and spurred on by the Puerto Rican, Chicano and Asian-American movements, embraced a Third World oriented version of Marxism. These admirers of Mao, Che and Amilcar Cabral organized resistance to the Republican majorities of Nixon and Ford. By the 1980s these groups had either collapsed or become tiny shards of the dream of a Maoist world revolution. Taking issue with the idea of a division between an early “good sixties” and a later “bad sixties,” Max Elbaum is particularly concerned to reclaim the lessons of the new communist movement for today’s activists who, like their sixties’ predecessors, are coming of age at a time when the Left lacks mass support and is fragmented along racial lines. With a new foreward by Alicia Garza, cofounder of #BlackLivesMatter.

Where Do We Go from Here?

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (138 download)

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Book Synopsis Where Do We Go from Here? by :

Download or read book Where Do We Go from Here? written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: