The Social Function of Science

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Publisher : Faber & Faber
ISBN 13 : 9780571272723
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Function of Science by : J. D. Bernal

Download or read book The Social Function of Science written by J. D. Bernal and published by Faber & Faber. This book was released on 2010 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: J. D. Bernal's important and ambitious work, The Social Function of Science, was first published in January 1939. As the subtitle -What Science Does, What Science Could Do - suggests it is in two parts. Both have eight chapters. Part 1: What Science Does: Introductory, Historical, The Existing Organization of Scientific Research in Britain, Science in Education, The Efficiency of Scientific Research, The Application of Science, Science and War and International Science. Part 11: What Science Could Do: The Training of the Scientist, The Reorganization of Research, Scientific Communication, The Finance of Science, The Strategy of Scientific Advance; Science in the Service of Man, Science and Social Transformation and The Social Function of Science. To quote Bernal's biographer, Andrew Brown, 'The Social Function of Science . . . was Bernal's attempt to ensure that science would no longer be just a protected area of intellectual inquiry, but would have as an inherent function the improvement of life for mankind everywhere. It was a groundbreaking treatise both in exploring the scope of science and technology in fashioning public policy, with Bernal arguing that science is the chief agent of change in society, and in devising policies that would optimize the way science was organized. The sense of impending war clearly emerges. Bernal deplored the application of scientific discoveries in making war ever more destructive, while acknowledging that the majority of scientific and technical breakthroughs have their origins in military exigencies, both because of the willingness to spend money and the premium placed on novelty during wartime.' Anticipating by two decades the schism C. P. Snow termed 'The Two Cultures', Bernal remarked that 'highly developed science stands almost isolated from a traditional literary culture.' He found that wrong. Again, quoting Andrew Brown, 'to him, science was a creative endeavour that still depended on inspiration and talent, just as much as in painting, writing or composing.' The importance of this book was such that twenty-five years after its publication, a collection of essays, The Science of Science, was published, in part in celebration, but also to explore many of the themes Bernal had first developed.

The Social Function of Science

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Function of Science by : John Desmond Bernal

Download or read book The Social Function of Science written by John Desmond Bernal and published by . This book was released on 1939 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Social Function of Science

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Author :
Publisher : MIT Press (MA)
ISBN 13 : 9780262520065
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Function of Science by : J. D. Bernal

Download or read book The Social Function of Science written by J. D. Bernal and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1967-02-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: J. D. Bernal's important and ambitious work, "The Social Function of Science," was first published in January 1939. As the subtitle -"What Science Does," "What Science Could Do" - suggests it is in two parts. Both have eight chapters. Part 1: "What Science Does": Introductory, Historical, The Existing Organization of Scientific Research in Britain, Science in Education, The Efficiency of Scientific Research, The Application of Science, Science and War and International Science. Part 11: "What Science Could Do": The Training of the Scientist, The Reorganization of Research, Scientific Communication, The Finance of Science, The Strategy of Scientific Advance; Science in the Service of Man, Science and Social Transformation and The Social Function of Science. To quote Bernal's biographer, Andrew Brown, 'The Social Function of Science . . . was Bernal's attempt to ensure that science would no longer be just a protected area of intellectual inquiry, but would have as an inherent function the improvement of life for mankind everywhere. It was a groundbreaking treatise both in exploring the scope of science and technology in fashioning public policy, with Bernal arguing that science is the chief agent of change in society, and in devising policies that would optimize the way science was organized. The sense of impending war clearly emerges. Bernal deplored the application of scientific discoveries in making war ever more destructive, while acknowledging that the majority of scientific and technical breakthroughs have their origins in military exigencies, both because of the willingness to spend money and the premium placed on novelty during wartime.' Anticipating by two decades the schism C. P. Snow termed 'The Two Cultures', Bernal remarked that 'highly developed science stands almost isolated from a traditional literary culture.' He found that wrong. Again, quoting Andrew Brown, 'to him, science was a creative endeavour that still depended on inspiration and talent, just as much as in painting, writing or composing.' The importance of this book was such that twenty-five years after its publication, a collection of essays, "The Science of Science," was published, in part in celebration, but also to explore many of the themes Bernal had first developed.

Analyzing the Role of Citizen Science in Modern Research

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Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1522509631
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (225 download)

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Book Synopsis Analyzing the Role of Citizen Science in Modern Research by : Ceccaroni, Luigi

Download or read book Analyzing the Role of Citizen Science in Modern Research written by Ceccaroni, Luigi and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2016-10-25 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the need for sustainable development practices around the world continues to grow, it has become imperative for citizens to become actively engaged in the global transition. By evaluating data collected from various global programs, researchers are able to identify strategies and challenges in implementing civic engagement initiatives. Analyzing the Role of Citizen Science in Modern Research focuses on analyzing data on current initiatives and best practices in citizen engagement and education programs across various disciplines. Highlighting emergent research and application techniques within citizen science initiatives, this publication appeals to academicians, researchers, policy makers, government officials, technology developers, advanced-level students and program developers interested in launching or improving citizen science programs across the globe.

Science In Society

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134354878
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (343 download)

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Book Synopsis Science In Society by : Massimiano Bucchi

Download or read book Science In Society written by Massimiano Bucchi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-07-31 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Without assuming any scientific background, Bucchi provides clear summaries of all the major theoretical positions within the sociology of science, using many fascinating examples to illustrate them.

Social Functions in Philosophy

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429787855
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (297 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Functions in Philosophy by : Rebekka Hufendiek

Download or read book Social Functions in Philosophy written by Rebekka Hufendiek and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social functions and functional explanations play a prominent role not only in our everyday reasoning but also in classical as well as contemporary social theory and empirical social research. This volume explores metaphysical, normative, and methodological perspectives on social functions and functional explanations in the social sciences. It aims to push the philosophical debate on social functions forward along new investigative lines by including up-to-date discussions of the metaphysics of social functions, questions concerning the nature of functional explanations within the social domain, and various applications of functionalist theorising. As such, this is one of the first collections to exclusively address a variety of philosophical questions concerning the nature and relevance of social functions.

The Social Function of Science

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Function of Science by : John D. Bernal

Download or read book The Social Function of Science written by John D. Bernal and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal

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Author :
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
ISBN 13 : 082297357X
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal by : Heather E. Douglas

Download or read book Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal written by Heather E. Douglas and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2009-07-15 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of science in policymaking has gained unprecedented stature in the United States, raising questions about the place of science and scientific expertise in the democratic process. Some scientists have been given considerable epistemic authority in shaping policy on issues of great moral and cultural significance, and the politicizing of these issues has become highly contentious. Since World War II, most philosophers of science have purported the concept that science should be "value-free." In Science, Policy and the Value-Free Ideal, Heather E. Douglas argues that such an ideal is neither adequate nor desirable for science. She contends that the moral responsibilities of scientists require the consideration of values even at the heart of science. She lobbies for a new ideal in which values serve an essential function throughout scientific inquiry, but where the role values play is constrained at key points, thus protecting the integrity and objectivity of science. In this vein, Douglas outlines a system for the application of values to guide scientists through points of uncertainty fraught with moral valence.Following a philosophical analysis of the historical background of science advising and the value-free ideal, Douglas defines how values should-and should not-function in science. She discusses the distinctive direct and indirect roles for values in reasoning, and outlines seven senses of objectivity, showing how each can be employed to determine the reliability of scientific claims. Douglas then uses these philosophical insights to clarify the distinction between junk science and sound science to be used in policymaking. In conclusion, she calls for greater openness on the values utilized in policymaking, and more public participation in the policymaking process, by suggesting various models for effective use of both the public and experts in key risk assessments.

States of Knowledge

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134328338
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (343 download)

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Book Synopsis States of Knowledge by : Sheila Jasanoff

Download or read book States of Knowledge written by Sheila Jasanoff and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-07-31 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Notes on contributors Acknowledgements 1. The Idiom of Co-production Sheila Jasanoff 2. Ordering Knowledge, Ordering Society Sheila Jasanoff 3. Climate Science and the Making of a Global Political Order Clark A. Miller 4. Co-producing CITES and the African Elephant Charis Thompson 5. Knowledge and Political Order in the European Environment Agency Claire Waterton and Brian Wynne 6. Plants, Power and Development: Founding the Imperial Department of Agriculture for the West Indies, 1880-1914 William K. Storey 7. Mapping Systems and Moral Order: Constituting property in genome laboratories Stephen Hilgartner 8. Patients and Scientists in French Muscular Dystrophy Research Vololona Rabeharisoa and Michel Callon 9. Circumscribing Expertise: Membership categories in courtroom testimony Michael Lynch 10. The Science of Merit and the Merit of Science: Mental order and social order in early twentieth-century France and America John Carson 11. Mysteries of State, Mysteries of Nature: Authority, knowledge and expertise in the seventeenth century Peter Dear 12. Reconstructing Sociotechnical Order: Vannevar Bush and US science policy Michael Aaron Dennis 13. Science and the Political Imagination in Contemporary Democracies Yaron Ezrah 14. Afterword Sheila Jasanoff References Index

Social Science Research

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Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781475146127
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (461 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Science Research by : Anol Bhattacherjee

Download or read book Social Science Research written by Anol Bhattacherjee and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-04-01 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to introduce doctoral and graduate students to the process of conducting scientific research in the social sciences, business, education, public health, and related disciplines. It is a one-stop, comprehensive, and compact source for foundational concepts in behavioral research, and can serve as a stand-alone text or as a supplement to research readings in any doctoral seminar or research methods class. This book is currently used as a research text at universities on six continents and will shortly be available in nine different languages.

The Sociology of Science

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226520927
Total Pages : 639 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (265 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sociology of Science by : Robert K. Merton

Download or read book The Sociology of Science written by Robert K. Merton and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1973 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The exploration of the social conditions that facilitate or retard the search for scientific knowledge has been the major theme of Robert K. Merton's work for forty years. This collection of papers [is] a fascinating overview of this sustained inquiry. . . . There are very few other books in sociology . . . with such meticulous scholarship, or so elegant a style. This collection of papers is, and is likely to remain for a long time, one of the most important books in sociology."—Joseph Ben-David, New York Times Book Review "The novelty of the approach, the erudition and elegance, and the unusual breadth of vision make this volume one of the most important contributions to sociology in general and to the sociology of science in particular. . . . Merton's Sociology of Science is a magisterial summary of the field."—Yehuda Elkana, American Journal of Sociology "Merton's work provides a rich feast for any scientist concerned for a genuine understanding of his own professional self. And Merton's industry, integrity, and humility are permanent witnesses to that ethos which he has done so much to define and support."—J. R. Ravetz, American Scientist "The essays not only exhibit a diverse and penetrating analysis and a deal of historical and contemporary examples, with concrete numerical data, but also make genuinely good reading because of the wit, the liveliness and the rich learning with which Merton writes."—Philip Morrison, Scientific American "Merton's impact on sociology as a whole has been large, and his impact on the sociology of science has been so momentous that the title of the book is apt, because Merton's writings represent modern sociology of science more than any other single writer."—Richard McClintock, Contemporary Sociology

The Cult and Science of Public Health

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Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 : 0857453394
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (574 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cult and Science of Public Health by : Kevin Dew

Download or read book The Cult and Science of Public Health written by Kevin Dew and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2012 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In contemporary manifestations of public health rituals and events, people are being increasingly united around what they hold in common--their material being and humanity. As a cult of humanity, public health provides a moral force in society that replaces 'traditional' religions in times of great diversity or heterogeneity of peoples, activities and desires. This is in contrast to public health's foundation in science, particularly the science of epidemiology. The rigid rules of 'scientific evidence' used to determine the cause of illness and disease can work against the most vulnerable in society by putting sectors of the population, such as underrepresented workers, at a disadvantage. This study focuses on this tension between traditional science and the changing vision articulated within public health (and across many disciplines) that calls for a collective response to uncontrolled capitalism and unremitting globalization, and to the way in which health inequalities and their association with social inequalities provides a political rhetoric that calls for a new redistributive social programme. Drawing on decades of research, the author argues that public health is both a cult and a science of contemporary society.

Laboratory Experiments in the Social Sciences

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080546145
Total Pages : 574 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Laboratory Experiments in the Social Sciences by : Murray Webster

Download or read book Laboratory Experiments in the Social Sciences written by Murray Webster and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-07-03 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory Experiments in the Social Sciences is the only book providing core information for researchers about the ways and means to conduct experiments. Its comprehensive regard for laboratory experiments encompasses “how-to explanations, investigations of philosophies and ethics, explorations of experiments in specific social science disciplines, and summaries of both the history and future of social science laboratories. No other book offers such a direct avenue to enlarging our knowledge in the social sciences.This collection of original chapters combines instructions and advice about the design of laboratory experiments in the social sciences with the array of other issues. While there are books on experimental design and chapters in more general methods books on design, theory, and ethical issues, no other book attempts to discuss the fundamental ideas of the philosophy of science or lays out the methods comprehensively or in such detail. Experimentation has recently prospered because of increasing interest in cross-disciplinary syntheses, and this book of advice, guidelines, and observations underline its potential and increasing importance. · Provides a comprehensive summary of issues in social science experimentation, from ethics to design, management, and financing· Offers "how-to" explanations of the problems and challenges faced by everyone involved in social science experiments· Pays attention to both practical problems and to theoretical and philosophical arguments· Defines commonalities and distinctions within and among experimental situations across the social sciences

The Science of Citizen Science

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030582787
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis The Science of Citizen Science by : Katrin Vohland

Download or read book The Science of Citizen Science written by Katrin Vohland and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book discusses how the involvement of citizens into scientific endeavors is expected to contribute to solve the big challenges of our time, such as climate change and the loss of biodiversity, growing inequalities within and between societies, and the sustainability turn. The field of citizen science has been growing in recent decades. Many different stakeholders from scientists to citizens and from policy makers to environmental organisations have been involved in its practice. In addition, many scientists also study citizen science as a research approach and as a way for science and society to interact and collaborate. This book provides a representation of the practices as well as scientific and societal outcomes in different disciplines. It reflects the contribution of citizen science to societal development, education, or innovation and provides and overview of the field of actors as well as on tools and guidelines. It serves as an introduction for anyone who wants to get involved in and learn more about the science of citizen science.

Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000159841
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems by : Jerome R. Ravetz

Download or read book Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems written by Jerome R. Ravetz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-09-10 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science is continually confronted by new and difficult social and ethical problems. Some of these problems have arisen from the transformation of the academic science of the prewar period into the industrialized science of the present. Traditional theories of science are now widely recognized as obsolete. In Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems (originally published in 1971), Jerome R. Ravetz analyzes the work of science as the creation and investigation of problems. He demonstrates the role of choice and value judgment, and the inevitability of error, in scientific research. Ravetz's new introductory essay is a masterful statement of how our understanding of science has evolved over the last two decades.

How and why Books Matter

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Publisher : Equinox Publishing (UK)
ISBN 13 : 9781781797693
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (976 download)

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Book Synopsis How and why Books Matter by : James W. Watts

Download or read book How and why Books Matter written by James W. Watts and published by Equinox Publishing (UK). This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Religious and secular communities ritualize some books in one, two, or three dimensions. They ritualize the dimension of semantic interpretation through teaching, preaching, and scholarly commentary. This dimension receives almost all the attention of academic scholars. Communities also ritualize a text's expressive dimension through public reading, recitation, and song, and also by reproducing its contents in art, theatre and film. This dimension is receiving increasing scholarly attention, especially in religious studies and anthropology. A third textual dimension, the iconic dimension, gets ritualized by manipulating the physical text, decorating it, and displaying it. This dimension has received almost no academic attention, yet features prominently in the most common news stories about books, whether about e-books, academic libraries, rare manuscript discoveries, or scripture desecrations. By calling attention to the iconic dimension of books, James Watts argues that we can better understand how physical books mediate social value and power within and between religious communities, nations, academic disciplines, and societies both ancient and modern.How and Why Books Matter will appeal to a wide range of readers interested in books, reading, literacy, scriptures, e-books, publishing, and the future of the book. It also addresses scholarship in religion, cultural studies, literacy studies, biblical studies, book history, anthropology, literary studies, and intellectual history.

J.D. Bernal's The Social Function of Science

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 722 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis J.D. Bernal's The Social Function of Science by : Helmut Steiner

Download or read book J.D. Bernal's The Social Function of Science written by Helmut Steiner and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: