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The Single Electron Chemistry Of Coals Quarterly Report October 1 December 31 1991
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Book Synopsis The Single Electron Chemistry of Coals. [Quarterly] Report, October 1--December 31, 1991 by :
Download or read book The Single Electron Chemistry of Coals. [Quarterly] Report, October 1--December 31, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Depolymerization of coals at low temperatures may offer advantages over thermal bond cleavage. Because bond cleavage energies of radical cations are lower than the corresponding homolytic bond cleavage energies of the same bond, generation of radical cations in coal may make possible depolymerization at lower temperatures. We seek to investigate the above possibility using single molecules containing functional groups common in coals. Since the generation of a radical cation requires the removal of an electron from a neutral molecule, a primary focus of the study will be finding oxidants that will remove an electron from compounds with structural similarity to those typically found in coals. The study must also be concerned with the decomposition of radical cations and the products formed as a result of the decomposition.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Single Electron Chemistry of Coals. [Quarterly] Report, January 1, 1991--March 31, 1991 by :
Download or read book The Single Electron Chemistry of Coals. [Quarterly] Report, January 1, 1991--March 31, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The simplest explanation for these shifts in the infrared spectra is there exists in coal single electron donors which are capable of transferring an electron to TCNQ in the ground state. All of the TCNQ placed in the coal appears to be converted to the radical anion as displayed in the IR spectrum for all of the coals except for the 100% loading.
Book Synopsis The Single Electron Chemistry of Coals. Quarterly Report, October 1, 1993--December 31, 1993 by :
Download or read book The Single Electron Chemistry of Coals. Quarterly Report, October 1, 1993--December 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this work is to investigate and characterize the single electron reactions of alkyl and alkoxy aromatic compounds in order to determine the role these reactions play in the chemistry of coal. The work here is concerned with the interactions of coals, such as Illinois No. 6, with tetracyanoethylene.
Download or read book Coronaria-arteriografie written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sections 1-2. Keyword Index.--Section 3. Personal author index.--Section 4. Corporate author index.-- Section 5. Contract/grant number index, NTIS order/report number index 1-E.--Section 6. NTIS order/report number index F-Z.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993-07 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Single Electron Chemistry of Coals. Quarterly Report, October 1, 1989-January 1, 1990 by :
Download or read book The Single Electron Chemistry of Coals. Quarterly Report, October 1, 1989-January 1, 1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Book Synopsis Thermodynamics and Surface Structure of Coals. Quarterly Report, October 1, 1991--December 31, 1991 by :
Download or read book Thermodynamics and Surface Structure of Coals. Quarterly Report, October 1, 1991--December 31, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NMR relaxation and shift reagents are being deposited on the surface of coals. The dipolar coupling of the unpaired electron spin of the relaxation agent and the carbon atom should significantly shorten the carbon T, which should broaden it away. We propose to record the NMR spectrum of a coal before and after deposition and subtract the spectra. The difference spectra will arise from the functionalities within approximately one nanometer of the surface and reveal the surface composition of the coal. In order to determine the surface concentration of the dysprosium in the coal, we are using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) also known as electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). XPS is a surface technique that can be used for the elucidation of chemical structure. The binding energy for each electron in each element is unique. The measurement of the binding energy in XPS allows the identification of the element and its oxidation state. The relative atomic concentrations of each element can also be determined using XPS spectra.
Book Synopsis The Single Electron Chemistry of Coals. [Quarterly] Report, July 1, 1990--December 30, 1990 by :
Download or read book The Single Electron Chemistry of Coals. [Quarterly] Report, July 1, 1990--December 30, 1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our work on single election transfer in coals led us to the knowledge that the energetics of bond cleavage in radical cations is 20-40 kcal/mole lower than the corresponding homolytic bond cleavage energies. Having made excellent progress in the other areas covered by this proposal, we are extending our studies to the investigation of the formation and cleavage reaction of radical cations in coals. The formation of a radical cation requires the transfer of an electron from a neutral molecule to an appropriate electron acceptor (oxidant). As a first step, we seek oxidants which will form radical cations from functional groups typical of those in coals. We must also study the decomposition behavior of bonds typical of those found in coals. Alkyl and alkoxy aromatic compounds were chosen as the electron donors because of their common occurrence in coals.
Book Synopsis The Single Electron Chemistry of Coals. Quarterly Report, January 1, 1994--March 31, 1994 by :
Download or read book The Single Electron Chemistry of Coals. Quarterly Report, January 1, 1994--March 31, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this work is to investigate and characterize the single electron reactions of alkyl and alkoxy aromatic compounds in order to determine the role these reactions play in the chemistry of coal. The work here is concerned with the interactions of coals, such as Illinois No. 6, with tetracyanoethylene.
Book Synopsis The Single Electron Chemistry of Coals. [Quarterly] Report, January 1--March 31, 1993 by :
Download or read book The Single Electron Chemistry of Coals. [Quarterly] Report, January 1--March 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the position of the nitrile band and using the assumption that there is a linear relationship for between the extent of charge transfer and frequency, a 69% charge transfer was obtained and successfully replicates Flowers' results. If a Diels-Alder reaction occurred, we would expect the position of nitrile group to have shifted down field to the 2260-2240 cm−1 range for a saturated alkyl nitrile. There is no evidence for this type of reaction under these conditions since we obtained a shift upfield from 2229 cm−1 to 2200 cm−1. There are some peaks of interest in the 1660-1300 cm−1 range of the deposited coals which will be investigated. The TCNE-Illinois No. 6 reaction mixture will be heated from room temperature to 180°C within the Harrick cell during IR analysis to see if a Diels-Alder or other additions reaction could occur.
Book Synopsis ERDA Energy Research Abstracts by : United States. Energy Research and Development Administration
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology ... Catalog by : National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
Download or read book Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology ... Catalog written by National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Single Electron Chemistry of Coals. Quarterly Report, July 1--September 30, 1992 by :
Download or read book The Single Electron Chemistry of Coals. Quarterly Report, July 1--September 30, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Depolymerization of coals at low temperatures may offer advantages over thermal bond cleavage. Because bond cleavage energies of radical cations are lower than the corresponding homolytic bond cleavage energies of the same bond, generation of radical cations in coal may make possible depolymerization at lower temperatures. We seek to investigate the above possibility using single molecules containing functional groups common in coals. Since the generation of a radical cation requires the removal of an electron from a neutral molecule, a primary focus of the study will be finding oxidants that will remove an electron from compounds with structural similarity to those typically found in coals. The study will also be concerned with the decomposition of radical cations and the products formed as a result of the decomposition. In our last report we described that treatment of bibenzyl and neo-pentylbenzene with Fe(III) (1,10-phenanthroline)3(ClO4)3 (Fe(III)(PHEN)) in refluxing CH3CN (82°C) failed to produce substantial bond cleavage [beta] to the aromatic ring. Because bond cleavage was not observed, we have continued our study by moving to compounds which have lower ionization potentials as well as study other oxidants.
Book Synopsis The Single Electron Chemistry of Coals. [Quarterly] Report, July 1--September 30, 1993 by :
Download or read book The Single Electron Chemistry of Coals. [Quarterly] Report, July 1--September 30, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) were used earlier in an attempt to determine the single electron donating ability of aromatic groups in coals. The extent of electron transfer from coals to these compounds was measured by determining the frequency shift of the nitrile stretching bands in the Diffuse Reflectance (DR) infrared spectra. Our addition to this work will be to study the interactions of coals, such as Illinois No. 6, with TCNE. We will determine whether a Diels-Alder reaction or other addition reactions are occurring.
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