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The Search For Unmodeled Gravitational Wave Transients In The Advanced Ligo Virgo Era
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Book Synopsis The Search for Unmodeled Gravitational-wave Transients in the Advanced LIGO-Virgo Era by : Ryan Christopher Lynch
Download or read book The Search for Unmodeled Gravitational-wave Transients in the Advanced LIGO-Virgo Era written by Ryan Christopher Lynch and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 2015 and 2017, the era of gravitational-wave (GW) astronomy began in a spectacular fashion. The Advanced-era GW detectors directly observed GW transients from two types of compact-binary sources: binary black holes (e.g., GW150914) and binary neutron stars (e.g., GW170817). Compact-binary sources are well-studied theoretically with well-understood strain waverforms, and thus their detections with Advanced LIGO-Virgo has led to an enormous number of physical insights. Nevertheless, we expect transient GW sources with waveforms that are not fully modeled or are too quiet to be fully resolved may contain an abundant wealth of physical richness in their own right. This thesis explores how to confidently establish poorly-modeled and poorly-resolved, i.e., "unmodeled", GW transients as detections. We first develop a search algorithm that can be used to detect short-duration GW transients of general signal morphology. This algorithm was one of two independent algorithms to first detect the first GW detection, GW150914, in low-latency. After establishing how GW transients of arbitrary morphology can be detected, we turn our attention to the detection of quiet GW signals that are not fully resolvable. We first explore the prospect of using multi-messenger astronomy to elevate low-significance GW candidates to the status of confident detections. Then, we develop a statistical consistency test that can be used to detect populations of poorly-resolved GW candidates. We apply the new search algorithm and new statistical consistency test to data obtained in the first and second observing runs of the Advanced Detector Era. We show that standard compact-binary sources, such as GW150914, can be detected confidently using these methods. Although no non-compact-binary GW transients are detected, we use these new tools to set the strictest upper limits to date on the rate-density of non-compact-binary GW transients. Finally, we turn our attention to how future improvements to the Advanced Detectors, such as squeezed-light injection, will impact the science done with GW transients.
Book Synopsis Searching for Long Transient Gravitational Waves in the LIGO-Virgo Data by : Samuel Franco
Download or read book Searching for Long Transient Gravitational Waves in the LIGO-Virgo Data written by Samuel Franco and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents the results of the STAMPAS all-sky search for long transient gravitational waves in the 2005-2007 LIGO-Virgo data. Gravitational waves are perturbations of the space-time metric. The Virgo and LIGO experiments are designed to detect such waves. They are Michelson interferometers with 3 km and 4 km long arms, whose light output is altered during the passage of a gravitational wave.Until very recently, transient gravitational wave search pipelines were focused on short transients, lasting less than 1 second, and on binary coalescence signals. STAMPAS is one of the very first pipelines entirely dedicated to the search of long transient gravitational wave signals, lasting from 1s to O(100s).These signals originate, among other sources, from instabilities in protoneutron stars as a result of their violent birth. The standing accretion shock instability in core collapse supernovae or instabilities in accretion disks are also possible mechanisms for gravitational wave long transients. Eccentric black hole binary coalescences are also expected to emit powerful gravitational waves for several seconds before the final plunge.STAMPAS is based on the correlation of data from two interferometers. Time-frequency maps of the data are extracted, and significant pixels are clustered to form triggers. No assumption on the direction, the time or the form of the signals is made.The first STAMPAS search has been performed on the data from the two LIGO detectors, between 2005 and 2007. After a rigorous trigger selection, the analysis revealed that their rate is close to Gaussian noise expectation, which is a significant achievement. No gravitational wave candidate has been detected, and upper limits on the astrophysical rates of several models of accretion disk instability sources and eccentric black holes binary coalescences have been set. The STAMPAS pipeline demonstrated its capabilities to search for any long transient gravitational wave signals during the advanced detector era.Keywords: Gravitational waves, Interferometry, Long transients, Signal Processing, Accretion Disk Instabilities, Eccentric Black Hole Binaries.
Book Synopsis Open Issues in the Search for Gravitational Wave Transients by : Lindy L. Blackburn
Download or read book Open Issues in the Search for Gravitational Wave Transients written by Lindy L. Blackburn and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The LIGO-Virgo network of kilometer-scale laser interferometric gravitational-wave detectors reached a major milestone with the successful operation of LIGO's fifth (S5) and Virgo's first (VSR1) science runs during 2005-2007. This thesis presents several issues related to gravitational-wave transient detection from the perspective of the joint all-sky, un-triggered burst search over S5/VSR1 data. Existing searches for gravitational-wave bursts must deal with the presence of non-Gaussian noise transients which populate the data over the majority of sensitive signal space. These events may be confused with true signals, and are the current limiting factor in search sensitivity and detection confidence for any real event. The first part of this thesis focuses on the development of tools to identify, monitor and characterize these instrumental disturbances in LIGO and Virgo data. An automated procedure is developed and applied to the S5/VSR1 search in order to safely remove noise transients from the analysis without sacrificing sensitivity by making use of the wealth of auxiliary information recorded by the detectors. The second part of this thesis focuses on the interpretation of outlier events in the context of a non-Gaussian, non-stationary background. An extensive follow-up procedure for candidate gravitational-wave events is developed and applied to a single burst outlier from the S5/VSR1 search, later revealed to be a blind simulation injected into the instruments. While the follow-up procedure correctly finds no reason to reject the candidate as a possible gravitational wave, it highlights the difficulty in making a confident detection for signals with similar waveform morphology to common instrumental disturbances. The follow-up also deals with the problem of objectively defining the significance of a single outlier event in the context of many semi-disjoint individual searches. To address this, a likelihood-ratio based unified ranking is developed and tested against the original procedures of the S5/VSR1 burst search. The new ranking shows a factor of four improvement in the statistical significance of the outlier event, and a 12% reduction using fixed thresholds and 38% reduction using a loudest event statistic for a rate upper limit on a mock signal population.
Book Synopsis The British Chess Magazine; Volume 16 by : Anonymous
Download or read book The British Chess Magazine; Volume 16 written by Anonymous and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2022-10-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Gravitational Wave Astronomy by : Cosimo Bambi
Download or read book Handbook of Gravitational Wave Astronomy written by Cosimo Bambi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-02 with total page 1895 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides an updated comprehensive description of gravitational wave astronomy. In the first part, it reviews gravitational wave experiments, from ground and space based laser interferometers to pulsar timing arrays and indirect detection from the cosmic microwave background. In the second part, it discusses a number of astrophysical and cosmological gravitational wave sources, including black holes, neutron stars, possible more exotic objects, and sources in the early Universe. The third part of the book reviews the methods to calculate gravitational waveforms. The fourth and last part of the book covers techniques employed in gravitational wave astronomy data analysis. This book represents both a valuable resource for graduate students and an important reference for researchers in gravitational wave astronomy.
Book Synopsis Search for Transient Gravitational Wave Signals with Unknown Waveform in the Ligo-virgo Network of Interferometric Detectors Using a Fully Coherent Algorithm by : Marco Drago (; Conselve>)
Download or read book Search for Transient Gravitational Wave Signals with Unknown Waveform in the Ligo-virgo Network of Interferometric Detectors Using a Fully Coherent Algorithm written by Marco Drago (; Conselve>) and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gravitational Waves by : Ajit Kembhavi
Download or read book Gravitational Waves written by Ajit Kembhavi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-06 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gravitational waves were first predicted by Albert Einstein in 1916, a year after the development of his new theory of gravitation known as the general theory of relativity. This theory established gravitation as the curvature of space-time produced by matter and energy. To be discernible even to the most sensitive instruments on Earth, the waves have to be produced by immensely massive objects like black holes and neutron stars which are rotating around each other, or in the extreme situations which prevail in the very early ages of the Universe. This book presents the story of the prediction of gravitational waves by Albert Einstein, the early attempts to detect the waves, the development of the LIGO detector, the first detection in 2016, the subsequent detections and their implications. All concepts are described in some detail, without the use of any mathematics and advanced physics which are needed for a full understanding of the subject. The book also contains description of electromagnetism, Einstein’s special theory and general theory of relativity, white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes and other concepts which are needed for understanding gravitational waves and their effects. Also described are the LIGO detectors and the cutting edge technology that goes into building them, and the extremely accurate measurements that are needed to detect gravitational waves. The book covers these ideas in a simple and lucid fashion which should be accessible to all interested readers. The first detection of gravitational waves was given a lot of space in the print and electronic media. So, the curiosity of the non-technical audience has been aroused about what gravitational waves really are and why they are so important. This book seeks to answer such questions.
Book Synopsis Gravitational Waves by : Hartmut Grote
Download or read book Gravitational Waves written by Hartmut Grote and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-23 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The historic detection of gravitational waves on September 14, 2015, prompted by the highly energetic fusion of two black holes, has made events in the universe "audible" for the first time. This expansion of the scientific sensorium has opened a new chapter in astronomy and already led to, among others, fascinating new insights about the abundance of black holes, the collision of neutron stars, and the origin of heavy chemical elements. The history of this event, which is epochal for physics, is reconstructed in this book, along with a walk-through of the main principles of how the detectors operate and a discussion of how the search for gravitational waves is conducted. The book concludes with an update of the latest detections and developments to date and a brief look into the future of this exciting research field. This book is accessible to non-specialist readers from a general audience and is also an excellent introduction to the topic for undergraduates in physics. Features: Provides an introduction to the historic discovery of gravitational waves Explains the inner workings of the detectors and the search to find the waves hidden in the data Authored by a renowned specialist involved in the ground-breaking discovery Hartmut Grote is a Professor of physics at Cardiff University, UK. His main expertise is in experimental gravitational-wave physics, and he has worked on building and improving gravitational wave detectors for over 20 years. From 2009 to 2017, he was the scientific leader of the British-German gravitational-wave detector: GEO600.
Book Synopsis Probing the Dark Universe with Gravitational Waves from Subsolar-mass Compact Objects by : Ryan Magee
Download or read book Probing the Dark Universe with Gravitational Waves from Subsolar-mass Compact Objects written by Ryan Magee and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The detection of gravitational waves by Advanced LIGO in 2015 marked the start of a new era in astrophysics. These small ripples in space-time - first predicted in the early 20th century by Albert Einstein - encode properties of the progenitor system and provide a powerful new way to probe distant and extreme astrophysical environments. My dissertation focuses on contributions I have made in facilitating the multi-messenger detection of electromagnetically bright sources and using LIGO's observations (or lack thereof) to constrain models of the dark matter. I describe the motivation for Advanced LIGO searches for sub-solar mass ultracompact binaries, as well as two recent searches I carried out with the LIGO-Virgo Scientific Collaboration. No confident detections were made in these searches, but the null result allowed us to place the tightest contraint to date on a particular model of the dark matter. I also discuss my contributions to efforts to detect binary neutron stars. Although the first BNS detection, GW170817, was a model multi-messenger discovery, there remains much to be learned about the extreme environment of the coalescence that can only be resolved by additional, prompt observations. I describe a subthreshold search for BNS that aims to increase our catalog of joint discoveries by facilitating searches for temporal or spatial coincidence, as well as recent attempts to detect BNS prior to merger to enable prompt electromagnetic followup.
Book Synopsis The Detection of Gravitational Waves by : David G. Blair
Download or read book The Detection of Gravitational Waves written by David G. Blair and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-10-13 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the concepts of gravitational waves within the context of general relativity. The sources of gravitational radiation for which there is direct observational evidence and those of a more speculative nature are described. He then gives a general introduction to the methods of detection. In the subsequent chapters he has drawn together the leading scientists in the field to give a comprehensive practical and theoretical account of the physics and technology of gravitational wave detection.
Book Synopsis LIGO and the Search for Gravitational Waves by :
Download or read book LIGO and the Search for Gravitational Waves written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gravitational waves, predicted to exist by Einstein's General Theory of Relativity but as yet undetected, are expected to be emitted during violent astrophysical events such as supernovae, black hole interactions and the coalescence of compact binary systems. Their detection and study should lead to a new branch of astronomy. However the experimental challenge is formidable: ground-based detection relies on sensing displacements of order 10^-18 m over a frequency range of tens of hertz to a few kHz. There is currently a large international effort to commission and operate long baseline interferometric detectors including those that comprise LIGO - the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory - in the USA. In this talk I will give an introduction to the topic of gravitational wave detection and in particular review the status of the LIGO project which is currently taking data at its design sensitivity. I will also look to the future to consider planned improvements in sensitivity for such detectors, focusing on Advanced LIGO, the proposed upgrade to the LIGO project.
Download or read book Gravity's Kiss written by Harry Collins and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2018-03-02 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fascinating account, written in real time, of the unfolding of a scientific discovery: the first detection of gravitational waves. Scientists have been trying to confirm the existence of gravitational waves for fifty years. Then, in September 2015, came a “very interesting event” (as the cautious subject line in a physicist's email read) that proved to be the first detection of gravitational waves. In Gravity's Kiss, Harry Collins—who has been watching the science of gravitational wave detection for forty-three of those fifty years and has written three previous books about it—offers a final, fascinating account, written in real time, of the unfolding of one of the most remarkable scientific discoveries ever made. Predicted by Einstein in his theory of general relativity, gravitational waves carry energy from the collision or explosion of stars. Dying binary stars, for example, rotate faster and faster around each other until they merge, emitting a burst of gravitational waves. It is only with the development of extraordinarily sensitive, highly sophisticated detectors that physicists can now confirm Einstein's prediction. This is the story that Collins tells. Collins, a sociologist of science who has been embedded in the gravitational wave community since 1972, traces the detection, the analysis, the confirmation, and the public presentation and the reception of the discovery—from the first email to the final published paper and the response of professionals and the public. Collins shows that science today is collaborative, far-flung (with the physical location of the participants hardly mattering), and sometimes secretive, but still one of the few institutions that has integrity built into it.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals Of Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors (Second Edition) by : Peter R Saulson
Download or read book Fundamentals Of Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors (Second Edition) written by Peter R Saulson and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The content of the Saulson’s book remains valid and offers a versatile introduction to gravitational wave astronomy. The book is appropriate for undergraduate students and can be read by graduate students and researchers who want to be involved in either the theoretical or the experimental traits of the study of gravitational waves.'Contemporary PhysicsLIGO's recent discovery of gravitational waves was headline news around the world. Many people will want to understand more about what a gravitational wave is, how LIGO works, and how LIGO functions as a detector of gravitational waves.This book aims to communicate the basic logic of interferometric gravitational wave detectors to students who are new to the field. It assumes that the reader has a basic knowledge of physics, but no special familiarity with gravitational waves, with general relativity, or with the special techniques of experimental physics. All of the necessary ideas are developed in the book.The first edition was published in 1994. Since the book is aimed at explaining the physical ideas behind the design of LIGO, it stands the test of time. For the second edition, an Epilogue has been added; it brings the treatment of technical details up to date, and provides references that would allow a student to become proficient with today's designs.
Book Synopsis Advanced Interferometric Gravitational-wave Detectors (In 2 Volumes) by : Grote Hartmut
Download or read book Advanced Interferometric Gravitational-wave Detectors (In 2 Volumes) written by Grote Hartmut and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The detection of gravitational waves in 2015 has been hailed a scientific breakthrough and one of the most significant scientific discoveries of the 21st century. Gravitational-wave physics and astronomy are emerging as a new frontier in understanding the universe.Advanced Interferometric Gravitational-Wave Detectors brings together many of the world's top experts to deliver an authoritative and in-depth treatment on current and future detectors. Volume I is devoted to the essentials of gravitational-wave detectors, presenting the physical principles behind large-scale precision interferometry, the physics of the underlying noise sources that limit interferometer sensitivity, and an explanation of the key enabling technologies that are used in the detectors. Volume II provides an in-depth look at the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo interferometers, as well as examining future interferometric detector concepts. This two-volume set will provide students and researchers the comprehensive background needed to understand gravitational-wave detectors.
Book Synopsis Multi-Messenger Astronomy with Advanced LIGO-Virgo by : Hsin-Yu Chen
Download or read book Multi-Messenger Astronomy with Advanced LIGO-Virgo written by Hsin-Yu Chen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In summary, I explored how to measure astrophysical and cosmological parameters with gravitational wave detections, and facilitated gravitational wave-electromagnetic follow-up through various approaches, paving the way for the future of gravitational wave astrophysics and cosmology.
Book Synopsis Search for Gravitational Waves from LIGO-VIRGO Science Run and Data Interpretation by : Rahul Biswas
Download or read book Search for Gravitational Waves from LIGO-VIRGO Science Run and Data Interpretation written by Rahul Biswas and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Searching for Gravitational Waves from Scorpius X-1 with a Cross-correlation Method by : Yuanhao Zhang
Download or read book Searching for Gravitational Waves from Scorpius X-1 with a Cross-correlation Method written by Yuanhao Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Gravitational waves (GWs) are propagating ripples of space-time predicted by general relativity. 100 years after Albert Einstein published his theory of GR, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) found the first direct detection of GW in the first Advanced LIGO observing run. The GW signal known as GW150914 (Abbott et al., 2016), was the first of a series of binary black hole mergers observed by LIGO. These detections marked the beginning of gravitational-wave astronomy. The continuous wave (CW) signal emitted by fast spinning neutron stars (NSs) is an another interesting source for a detector like LIGO. The low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) Scorpius X-1 (Sco X-1) is considered to be one of the most promising CW sources. With improving sensitivity of advanced detectors and improving methods, we are getting closer to being able to detect an astrophysically feasible GW signal from Sco X-1 in the coming few years. Searching for CWs from NSs of unknown phase evolution is computationally intensive. For a target with large uncertainty in its parameters such as Sco X-1, the fully coherent search is computationally impractical, while faster algorithms have limited sensitivity. The cross-correlation method combines all data-pairs in a maximum time offset from same and different detectors coherently based on the signal model. We can adjust the maximum coherence time to trade off computing cost and sensitivity. The cross-correlation method is flexible and so far the most sensitive. In this dissertation I will present the implementation of Cross-correlation method for Sco X-1, its test on a Sco X-1 mock-data challenge (MDC) data set and the Advanced LIGO O1 observations. This search gave the best results in the Sco X-1 mock data challenge and recent LIGO Sco X-1 search. In the O1 run, the Cross-correlation search managed to improve the upper limit on GW strain strength from Sco X-1 closer than ever before to the level estimated from a torque balance argument."--Abstract.
