The Science Behind Mega Tsunamis

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Megadisasters

Author : Florin Diacu
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691133506
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Megadisasters by : Florin Diacu

Download or read book Megadisasters written by Florin Diacu and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history and science behind efforts to predict major disasters, from tsunamis to stock market crashes Can we predict cataclysmic disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or stock market crashes? The Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 claimed more than 200,000 lives. Hurricane Katrina killed over 1,800 people and devastated the city of New Orleans. The recent global financial crisis has cost corporations and ordinary people around the world billions of dollars. Megadisasters is a book that asks why catastrophes such as these catch us by surprise, and reveals the history and groundbreaking science behind efforts to forecast major disasters and minimize their destruction. Each chapter of this exciting and eye-opening book explores a particular type of cataclysmic event and the research surrounding it, including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, rapid climate change, collisions with asteroids or comets, pandemics, and financial crashes. Florin Diacu tells the harrowing true stories of people impacted by these terrible events, and of the scientists racing against time to predict when the next big disaster will strike. He describes the mathematical models that are so critical to understanding the laws of nature and foretelling potentially lethal phenomena, the history of modeling and its prospects for success in the future, and the enormous challenges to scientific prediction posed by the chaos phenomenon, which is the high instability that underlies many processes around us. Yielding new insights into the perils that can touch every one of us, Megadisasters shows how the science of predicting disasters holds the promise of a safer and brighter tomorrow.

Physics of Tsunamis

Author : Boris W. Levin
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319240374
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Physics of Tsunamis by : Boris W. Levin

Download or read book Physics of Tsunamis written by Boris W. Levin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-22 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition reflects significant progress in tsunami research, monitoring and mitigation within the last decade. Primarily meant to summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge on physics of tsunamis, it describes up-to-date models of tsunamis generated by a submarine earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruption, meteorite impact, and moving atmospheric pressure inhomogeneities. Models of tsunami propagation and run-up are also discussed. The book investigates methods of tsunami monitoring including coastal mareographs, deep-water pressure gauges, GPS buoys, satellite altimetry, the study of ionospheric disturbances caused by tsunamis and the study of paleotsunamis. Non-linear phenomena in tsunami source and manifestations of water compressibility are discussed in the context of their contribution to the wave amplitude and energy. The practical method of calculating the initial elevation on a water surface at a seismotectonic tsunami source is expounded. Potential and eddy traces of a tsunamigenic earthquake in the ocean are examined in terms of their applicability to tsunami warning. The first edition of this book was published in 2009. Since then, a few catastrophic events occurred, including the 2011 Tohoku tsunami, which is well known all over the world. The book is intended for researchers, students and specialists in oceanography, geophysics, seismology, hydro-acoustics, geology, and geomorphology, including the engineering and insurance industries.

Tsunamiites - Features and Implications

Author : Tsunemasa Shiki
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080558917
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Tsunamiites - Features and Implications by : Tsunemasa Shiki

Download or read book Tsunamiites - Features and Implications written by Tsunemasa Shiki and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-10-13 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an overview of the state-of-the art developments in sedimentology of tsunami-induced and tsunami-affected deposits, namely tsunamiites. It also highlights new problems and issues calling for additional investigation, and provides insight into the direction for future tsunamiite researches. Provides a comprehensive overview of developments in tsunamiites Investigates future trends and development needs Cutting edge research articles from leading experts aimed at researchers and scientists

The Cosmic Zoo

Author : Dirk Schulze-Makuch
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319620452
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cosmic Zoo by : Dirk Schulze-Makuch

Download or read book The Cosmic Zoo written by Dirk Schulze-Makuch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-18 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are humans a galactic oddity, or will complex life with human abilities develop on planets with environments that remain habitable for long enough? In a clear, jargon-free style, two leading researchers in the burgeoning field of astrobiology critically examine the major evolutionary steps that led us from the distant origins of life to the technologically advanced species we are today. Are the key events that took life from simple cells to astronauts unique occurrences that would be unlikely to occur on other planets? By focusing on what life does - it's functional abilities - rather than specific biochemistry or anatomy, the authors provide plausible answers to this question. Systematically exploring the various pathways that led to the complex biosphere we experience on planet Earth, they show that most of the steps along that path are likely to occur on any world hosting life, with only two exceptions: One is the origin of life itself – if this is a highly improbable event, then we live in a rather “empty universe”. However, if this isn’t the case, we inevitably live in a universe containing a myriad of planets hosting complex as well as microbial life - a “cosmic zoo”. The other unknown is the rise of technologically advanced beings, as exemplified on Earth by humans. Only one technological species has emerged in the roughly 4 billion years life has existed on Earth, and we don’t know of any other technological species elsewhere. If technological intelligence is a rare, almost unique feature of Earth's history, then there can be no visitors to the cosmic zoo other than ourselves. Schulze-Makuch and Bains take the reader through the history of life on Earth, laying out a consistent and straightforward framework for understanding why we should think that advanced, complex life exists on planets other than Earth. They provide a unique perspective on the question that puzzled the human species for centuries: are we alone?

The Orphan Tsunami of 1700

Author : Brian F. Atwater
Publisher : University of Washington Press
ISBN 13 : 0295998512
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (959 download)

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Book Synopsis The Orphan Tsunami of 1700 by : Brian F. Atwater

Download or read book The Orphan Tsunami of 1700 written by Brian F. Atwater and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2016-04-18 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A puzzling tsunami entered Japanese history in January 1700. Samurai, merchants, and villagers wrote of minor flooding and damage. Some noted having felt no earthquake; they wondered what had set off the waves but had no way of knowing that the tsunami was spawned during an earthquake along the coast of northwestern North America. This orphan tsunami would not be linked to its parent earthquake until the mid-twentieth century, through an extraordinary series of discoveries in both North America and Japan. The Orphan Tsunami of 1700, now in its second edition, tells this scientific detective story through its North American and Japanese clues. The story underpins many of today�s precautions against earthquake and tsunami hazards in the Cascadia region of northwestern North America. The Japanese tsunami of March 2011 called attention to these hazards as a mirror image of the transpacific waves of January 1700. Hear Brian Atwater on NPR with Renee Montagne http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4629401

Tsunami Warning and Preparedness

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309209897
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Tsunami Warning and Preparedness by : National Research Council

Download or read book Tsunami Warning and Preparedness written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-03-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many coastal areas of the United States are at risk for tsunamis. After the catastrophic 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean, legislation was passed to expand U.S. tsunami warning capabilities. Since then, the nation has made progress in several related areas on both the federal and state levels. At the federal level, NOAA has improved the ability to detect and forecast tsunamis by expanding the sensor network. Other federal and state activities to increase tsunami safety include: improvements to tsunami hazard and evacuation maps for many coastal communities; vulnerability assessments of some coastal populations in several states; and new efforts to increase public awareness of the hazard and how to respond. Tsunami Warning and Preparedness explores the advances made in tsunami detection and preparedness, and identifies the challenges that still remain. The book describes areas of research and development that would improve tsunami education, preparation, and detection, especially with tsunamis that arrive less than an hour after the triggering event. It asserts that seamless coordination between the two Tsunami Warning Centers and clear communications to local officials and the public could create a timely and effective response to coastal communities facing a pending tsuanami. According to Tsunami Warning and Preparedness, minimizing future losses to the nation from tsunamis requires persistent progress across the broad spectrum of efforts including: risk assessment, public education, government coordination, detection and forecasting, and warning-center operations. The book also suggests designing effective interagency exercises, using professional emergency-management standards to prepare communities, and prioritizing funding based on tsunami risk.

Waking the Giant

Author : Bill McGuire
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199678758
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Waking the Giant by : Bill McGuire

Download or read book Waking the Giant written by Bill McGuire and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Argues that the rapid climate change will provoke geophysical events, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions.

Tsunami - Analysis of a Hazard

Author : Gloria López
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535108654
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Tsunami - Analysis of a Hazard by : Gloria López

Download or read book Tsunami - Analysis of a Hazard written by Gloria López and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-11-21 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, the third in the InTech Tsunami series, has been published in order to deepen efforts towards the understanding of tsunami dynamics that seems to be never enough. As the previous books in this series, "The Tsunami Threat - Research and Technology" (January 2011) and "Tsunami - A Growing Disaster" (December 2011), this multi-disciplinary volume compiles a collection of scientific papers showing the state-of-the-art of tsunami research at different levels. The various contributions cover an array of themes that span from geological evidence to post-trauma human care, encompassing pre-tsunami analyses and modeling to post-tsunami management and preparedness techniques. As its counterparts, "Tsunami - Analysis of a Hazard: from physical interpretation to human impact" continues to present evidence and case studies from different regions of the World: from the isolated Hawaiian Islands and Northern Indian Ocean, to the edges of the Atlantic and Eastern Mediterranean.

Tsunami

Author : Edward Bryant
Publisher : CUP Archive
ISBN 13 : 9780521775991
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (759 download)

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Book Synopsis Tsunami by : Edward Bryant

Download or read book Tsunami written by Edward Bryant and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 2001-07-02 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensively describes the nature and process of tsunami, for students and researchers, and general public.

Chicxulub: The Impact and Tsunami

Author : David Shonting
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319394878
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Chicxulub: The Impact and Tsunami by : David Shonting

Download or read book Chicxulub: The Impact and Tsunami written by David Shonting and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-09 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book tells the story of the catastrophic impact of the giant 10 Km asteroid Chicxulub into the ancient Gulf of Mexico 65.5 million years ago. The book begins with a discussion of the nature of asteroids and the likelihood of future Earth-impacts. The story then turns to the discovery of a global sediment layer attributed to the fallout from the impact and a piecing together of the evidence that revealed a monster crater, buried under the Gulf. Reviewed is the myriad of geological and fossil evidence that suggested the disastrous sequence of events occurring when a "nuclear-like" explosion ripped through the sea, Earth, and atmosphere, thus forming the mega-crater and tsunami. The aftermath of the Chicxulub's event initiated decades and more of major global climate changes including a "Nuclear Winter" of freezing darkness and blistering greenhouse warming. A chapter is dedicated to the science of tsunamis and their model generation, including a portrayal of the globally rampaging Chicxulub waves. The asteroid's global devastation killed off some 70% of animal and plant life including the dinosaurs. The study of an ancient Cambrian fossil bed suggests how "roll of the dice" events can affect the future evolution of life on Earth. We see how Chicxulub's apparent destruction of the dinosaurs, followed by the their replacement with small mammals, altered forever the progress of human evolution. This book presents a fascinating glimpse through the lens of the natural sciences - the geology, climatology, and oceanography, of the effects of an enormous astronomical event.

From Tsunami Science to Hazard and Risk Assessment: Methods and Models

Author : Stefano Lorito
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889717941
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis From Tsunami Science to Hazard and Risk Assessment: Methods and Models by : Stefano Lorito

Download or read book From Tsunami Science to Hazard and Risk Assessment: Methods and Models written by Stefano Lorito and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Tsunami Science Four Years After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

Author : Phil R. Cummins
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3034600577
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (346 download)

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Book Synopsis Tsunami Science Four Years After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami by : Phil R. Cummins

Download or read book Tsunami Science Four Years After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami written by Phil R. Cummins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-20 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tragedy of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami has led to a rapid expansion in science directed at understanding tsunami and mitigating their hazard. A remarkable cross-section of this research was presented in the session: Tsunami Generation and Hazard, at the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics XXIV General Assembly in Perugia, held in July of 2007. Over one hundred presentations were made at this session, spanning topics ranging from paleotsunami research, to nonlinear shallow-water theory, to tsunami hazard and risk assessment. A selection of this work, along with other contributions from leading tsunami scientists, is published in detail in the 28 papers of this special issue of Pure and Applied Geophysics: Tsunami Science Four Years After the Indian Ocean Tsunami. Part I of this issue includes 14 papers covering the state-of-the-art in tsunami modelling and hazard assessment. Another 14 papers are published in Part II focusing on observations and data analysis.

Geological Records of Tsunamis and Other Extreme Waves

Author : Max Engel
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128156872
Total Pages : 850 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Geological Records of Tsunamis and Other Extreme Waves by : Max Engel

Download or read book Geological Records of Tsunamis and Other Extreme Waves written by Max Engel and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-07-25 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geological Records of Tsunamis and Other Extreme Waves provides a systematic compendium with concise chapters on the concept and history of paleotsunami research, sediment types and sediment sources, field methods, sedimentary and geomorphological characteristics, as well as dating and modeling approaches. By contrasting tsunami deposits with those of competing mechanisms in the coastal zone such as storm waves and surges, and by embedding this field of research into the wider context of tsunami science, the book is also relevant to readers interested in paleotempestology, coastal sedimentary environments, or sea-level changes, and coastal hazard management. The effectiveness of paleotsunami records in coastal hazard-mitigation strategies strongly depends on the appropriate selection of research approaches and methods that are tailored to the site-specific environment and age of the deposits. In addition to summarizing the state-of-the-art in tsunami sedimentology, Geological Records of Tsunamis and Other Extreme Waves guides researchers through establishing an appropriate research design and how to develop reliable records of prehistoric events using field-based and laboratory methods, as well as modeling techniques. - Features a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in tsunami sedimentology and paleotsunami research - Offers advice on the most appropriate mapping, sampling, and analytical approaches for a wide variety of coastal settings and sedimentary environments - Provides methodological details for field sampling and the most important proxy analyses

The New Science of Geology

Author : Martin J.S. Rudwick
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000948420
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The New Science of Geology by : Martin J.S. Rudwick

Download or read book The New Science of Geology written by Martin J.S. Rudwick and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-04-14 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The science of geology was constructed in the decades around 1800 from earlier practices that had been significantly different in their cognitive goals. In the studies collected here Martin Rudwick traces how it came to be recognised as a new kind of natural science, because it was constituted around the idea that the natural world had its own history. The earth had to be understood not only in relation to unchanging natural laws that could be observed in action in the present, but also in terms of a pre-human past that could be reliably known, even if not directly observable and its traces only fragmentarily preserved. In contrast to this radically novel sense of nature's own contingent history, the earth's unimaginably vast timescale was already taken for granted by many naturalists (though not yet by the wider public), and the concurrent development of biblical scholarship precluded any significant sense of conflict with religious tradition. A companion volume, Lyell and Darwin, Geologists: Studies in the Earth Sciences in the Age of Reform, was published in 2005.

Mega-Tsunami

Author : David Cline
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781539610687
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Mega-Tsunami by : David Cline

Download or read book Mega-Tsunami written by David Cline and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-11-14 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1958, a wave of water towering over 1700 feet high killed some local fisherman in a remote section of Alaska and caused a new word to be added to dictionaries across the world. Mega-Tsunami. After some comprehensive research, scientists discovered that the physics defying wave was caused by an earthquake. When a group of hikers trying to descend Sandthrax canyon in southern Utah experience a series of unusual earthquakes, they have no idea their journey will lead them around the globe as they track down the origin and purpose for these geological anomalies. What they discover, unless they can stop it, would alter the face of the entire world forever.

Ocean Island Volcanoes: Genesis, Evolution and Impact

Author : Adriano Pimentel
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 288963728X
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Ocean Island Volcanoes: Genesis, Evolution and Impact by : Adriano Pimentel

Download or read book Ocean Island Volcanoes: Genesis, Evolution and Impact written by Adriano Pimentel and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-06-08 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean island volcanoes constitute some of the most prominent and rapidly-formed features on Earth, and yet they cannot be explained by conventional plate tectonics. Although typically associated with intraplate settings (hotspots), these volcanoes also occur in different geodynamic settings (near mid-ocean ridges). The nature of ocean island magmatism is still the subject of intense debate within the geological community. Traditionally it has been linked to the presence of mantle plumes at depth (e.g. Hawaii), although the interaction with plate tectonics is also recognized to play a significant role (e.g. Azores, Galápagos). Magma compositions may range from basaltic to more differentiated, which consequently is accompanied by striking changes in the eruption style from effusive-dominated to highly explosive volcanism. Understanding how these magmas evolve and how volcanic processes act at ocean island volcanoes are key issues of modern volcanology. Moreover, the growth of ocean island volcanoes from their rise on the seafloor as seamounts, to island emergence and subsequent formation of shield volcanoes (and in some cases large caldera volcanoes) is governed by multiple interrelated changes. It is well known that competing processes model ocean island volcanoes during alternating and/or coeval periods of construction and destruction. The geological evolution of these volcanoes results from the balance among volcanism, intrusions, tectonics, subsidence/uplift, mass wasting, sedimentation, and subaerial and wave erosion. A better knowledge of the interplay between these processes is crucial to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the evolution of such volcanoes, and to the eventual formulation of a unified model for ocean island evolution. Ocean islands are especially vulnerable to volcanic eruptions and other geological hazards on account of their typical small size, rough topography and isolation, which make risk management and evacuation difficult. Volcanic eruptions, in particular, may have a significant impact on local populations, infrastructures, economy and even on the global climate. It is therefore fundamental to monitor these volcanoes with complementary geophysical, geodetic and geochemical techniques in order to forecast future eruptions and their impacts. However, the assessment of volcanic hazards on ocean islands is challenging due to the large variety of phenomena involved (e.g. lava flows, tephra fallout, pyroclastic density currents, lahars, gas emissions). Different approaches are used to assess volcanic hazards, either based on empirical methods or sophisticated numerical models, focusing on a single phenomenon or the combination of different hazards. This Frontiers Research Topic aims to promote discussion within the scientific community, representing an important step forward in our knowledge of ocean island volcanoes in order to serve as a reference for future research.

Full-Rip 9.0

Author : Sandi Doughton
Publisher : Sasquatch Books
ISBN 13 : 1570618550
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Full-Rip 9.0 by : Sandi Doughton

Download or read book Full-Rip 9.0 written by Sandi Doughton and published by Sasquatch Books. This book was released on 2013-06-11 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific reportage on what we know and don’t know about the mega-earthquake predicted to hit the Pacific Northwest Scientists have identified Seattle, Portland, and Vancouver as the urban centers of what will be the biggest earthquake—the Really Big One—in the continental United States. A quake will happen—in fact, it’s actually overdue. The Cascadia subduction zone is 750 miles long, running along the Pacific coast from Northern California up to southern British Columbia. In this fascinating book, The Seattle Times science reporter Sandi Doughton introduces readers to the scientists who are dedicated to understanding the way the earth moves and describes what patterns can be identified and how prepared (or not) people are. With a 100% chance of a mega-quake hitting the Pacific Northwest, this fascinating book reports on the scientists who are trying to understand when, where, and just how big The Big One will be.