The Schistosomiasis Vaccine - It Is Time to Stand Up

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Author :
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889197417
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis The Schistosomiasis Vaccine - It Is Time to Stand Up by : Rashika El Ridi

Download or read book The Schistosomiasis Vaccine - It Is Time to Stand Up written by Rashika El Ridi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-01-13 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Schistosomiasis is a severe parasitic disease, endemic in 74 developing countries with up to 600 million people, including many children, infected and 800 million at risk of contracting the disease following infection with Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium or S. japonicum. Disease burden is estimated to exceed 70 million disability-adjusted life-years, and leads to remarkably high YLD (years lived with disability) rates. Even more importantly, people with schistosomiasis are highly susceptible to malaria, tuberculosis and hepatic and acquired immunodeficiency viruses. There is only one drug, praziquantel, currently available for treatment and it has high efficacy, low cost, and limited side effects. However, only 13% of the target population has received the drug, and those treated are at continuous risk of reinfection necessitating repeated drug administration and the emergence of drug resistant parasites is a constant threat. There currently is no vaccine. While the target of >40% protection has been achieved with some molecules such as excretory-secretory proteins including calpain, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and cysteine peptidases, very recent articles reiterate the findings published during the last 2 decades of the last century, contradicting the established data of the pioneers of schistosome biology. A consensus should be reached without delay, in order to propose collaborative independent experiments and proceed ahead to pre- and clinical trials with efficacious candidate vaccine molecules. The proposed plan aims to finally reach an objective and fruitful agreement , via inviting established and young researchers from the United States, Brazil, China, Australia, and Europe who are working with different vaccine antigens, adjuvants, and approaches for immunization against S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum. It is hoped that the forum will end with a very few candidate antigens and a consensus approach regarding target immune responses, thus leading to encouraging the World Health Organization and other international foundations to sponsor the development and implementation of the urgently required, yet still elusive, vaccine for preventing and eliminating the transmission of schistosomiasis.

Helminth Control in School-Age Children

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Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9789241545563
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (455 download)

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Book Synopsis Helminth Control in School-Age Children by : A. Montresor

Download or read book Helminth Control in School-Age Children written by A. Montresor and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2002-11 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 2000 million people worldwide are affected by schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections and 155 000 deaths are reported each year. These infections are diseases associated with poverty, and in school-age populations in developing countries, intestinal helminth infections rank first among the causes of all communicable and noncommunicable diseases. This book describes a cost-effective approach to the control of these infections, based on the use of periodic parasitological surveys of school population samples. It is intended as a guide for health education managers responsible for implementing community-based programmes.

Health Information for International Travel 2005-2006

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (729 download)

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Book Synopsis Health Information for International Travel 2005-2006 by : Paul Arguin

Download or read book Health Information for International Travel 2005-2006 written by Paul Arguin and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

CDC Yellow Book 2018: Health Information for International Travel

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190628634
Total Pages : 705 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis CDC Yellow Book 2018: Health Information for International Travel by : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC

Download or read book CDC Yellow Book 2018: Health Information for International Travel written by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-17 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE ESSENTIAL WORK IN TRAVEL MEDICINE -- NOW COMPLETELY UPDATED FOR 2018 As unprecedented numbers of travelers cross international borders each day, the need for up-to-date, practical information about the health challenges posed by travel has never been greater. For both international travelers and the health professionals who care for them, the CDC Yellow Book 2018: Health Information for International Travel is the definitive guide to staying safe and healthy anywhere in the world. The fully revised and updated 2018 edition codifies the U.S. government's most current health guidelines and information for international travelers, including pretravel vaccine recommendations, destination-specific health advice, and easy-to-reference maps, tables, and charts. The 2018 Yellow Book also addresses the needs of specific types of travelers, with dedicated sections on: · Precautions for pregnant travelers, immunocompromised travelers, and travelers with disabilities · Special considerations for newly arrived adoptees, immigrants, and refugees · Practical tips for last-minute or resource-limited travelers · Advice for air crews, humanitarian workers, missionaries, and others who provide care and support overseas Authored by a team of the world's most esteemed travel medicine experts, the Yellow Book is an essential resource for travelers -- and the clinicians overseeing their care -- at home and abroad.

Vaccines Did Not Cause Rachel's Autism

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Publisher : Johns Hopkins University Press
ISBN 13 : 1421439808
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Vaccines Did Not Cause Rachel's Autism by : Peter J. Hotez

Download or read book Vaccines Did Not Cause Rachel's Autism written by Peter J. Hotez and published by Johns Hopkins University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-17 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internationally renowned medical scientist, frequent media contributor, and autism dad Dr. Peter J. Hotez explains why vaccines do not cause autism. In 1994, Peter J. Hotez's nineteen-month-old daughter, Rachel, was diagnosed with autism. Dr. Hotez, a pediatrician-scientist who develops vaccines for neglected tropical diseases affecting the world's poorest people, became troubled by the decades-long rise of the influential anti-vaccine community and its inescapable narrative around childhood vaccines and autism. In Vaccines Did Not Cause Rachel's Autism, Hotez draws on his experiences as a pediatrician, vaccine scientist, and father of an autistic child. Outlining the arguments on both sides of the debate, he examines the science that refutes the concerns of the anti-vaccine movement, debunks current conspiracy theories alleging a cover-up by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and critiques the scientific community's failure to effectively communicate the facts about vaccines and autism to the general public, all while sharing his very personal story of raising a now-adult daughter with autism. A uniquely authoritative account, this important book persuasively provides evidence for the genetic basis of autism and illustrates how the neurodevelopmental pathways of autism are under way before birth. Dr. Hotez reminds readers of the many victories of vaccines over disease while warning about the growing dangers of the anti-vaccine movement, especially in the United States and Europe. Now, with the anti-vaccine movement reenergized in our COVID-19 era, this book is especially timely. Vaccines Did Not Cause Rachel's Autism is a must-read for parent groups, child advocates, teachers, health-care providers, government policymakers, health and science policy experts, and anyone caring for a family member or friend with autism. "When Peter Hotez—an erudite, highly trained scientist who is a true hero for his work in saving the world's poor and downtrodden—shares his knowledge and clinical insights along with his parental experience, when his beliefs in the value of what he does are put to the test of a life guiding his own child's challenges, then you must pay attention. You should. This book brings to an end the link between autism and vaccination."—from the foreword by Arthur L. Caplan, NYU School of Medicine

Preventing the Next Pandemic

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Author :
Publisher : er
ISBN 13 : 1421440385
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Preventing the Next Pandemic by : Peter J. Hotez

Download or read book Preventing the Next Pandemic written by Peter J. Hotez and published by er. This book was released on 2021-03-02 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Touching on a range of disease, from leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) to COVID-19, Preventing the Next Pandemic has always been a timely goal, but it will be even more important in a COVID and post-COVID world.

Schistosoma

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498744265
Total Pages : 524 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Schistosoma by : Barrie G. M. Jamieson

Download or read book Schistosoma written by Barrie G. M. Jamieson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-01-12 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Apart from malaria, schistosomiasis is the most prevalent parasitic infection in the world. It affects more than 200 million people in 76 tropical and subtropical countries, causing great suffering and resulting in thousands of deaths. Written by world authorities, this book examines many aspects of the biology, pathology, and control of the schistosoma parasite. Ranging in topic from infection in Pharaonic Egypt, through DNA relationships and biological systems, to advances in development of vaccines against the parasite, this book is a comprehensive text written for researchers and medical professionals alike.

Human Schistosomiasis

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Schistosomiasis by : Peter Jordan

Download or read book Human Schistosomiasis written by Peter Jordan and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1993 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human schistosomes (blood flukes) are digenetic trematodes that spend the adult part of their life cycle in humans and a further part in aquatic snails. Despite advances in chemotherapy, schistosomiasis is still a significant infection in the populations of several countries in the tropics. This book replaces a previous volume Schistosomiasis: Epidemiology, Treatment and Control (Heinemann, 1982) by Jordan and Webbe. All chapters have been rewritten by internationally renowned workers. Ultrasound, expected to aid identification of early disease in the field and increase our understanding of its evolution, is discussed in a new chapter. Others, each with an extensive bibliography, review the parasites and their snail intermediate hosts, epidemiology, clinical manifestations and pathology, diagnosis, immunology, drugs and patient management and control. Limitations of the role of chemotherapy in morbidity control are discussed and the need for flexibility in control interventions in the varied epidemiological situations is stressed. An interdisciplinary approach may be necessary to reduce transmission by appropriate measures against the snail intermediate host, and to implement public health measures, including the provision of safe water (with many other medical and social benefits) and health education. This comprehensive volume is for public health workers involved in the prevention and control of the disease, for physicians, and for students and teachers of many disciplines. It also provides a reference book for health planners, social anthropologists, health educators, water and sanitary engineers and others engaged in improving health in the tropics. Physicians in temperate countries will also find it a useful reference book as schistosomiasis, often acute, is being diagnosed more frequently in those returning from holidays in endemic areas.

Parasitic Diseases

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Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535109421
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Parasitic Diseases by : Rashika El Ridi

Download or read book Parasitic Diseases written by Rashika El Ridi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-01-16 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reports on schistosomiasis epidemiology and clinical features in Africa and Brazil, and development of novel drugs that affect the worm tegument, and vaccine based on excretory-secretory products and Type 2 cytokines.

History of Vaccine Development

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441913394
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis History of Vaccine Development by : Stanley A. Plotkin

Download or read book History of Vaccine Development written by Stanley A. Plotkin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-11 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vaccinology, the concept of a science ranging from the study of immunology to the development and distribution of vaccines, was a word invented by Jonas Salk. This book covers the history of the methodological progress in vaccine development and to the social and ethical issues raised by vaccination. Chapters include "Jenner and the Vaccination against Smallpox," "Viral Vaccines," and "Ethical and Social Aspects of vaccines." Contributing authors include pioneers in the field, such as Samuel L. Katz and Hilary Koprowski. This history of vaccines is relatively short and many of its protagonists are still alive. This book was written by some of the chief actors in the drama whose subject matter is the conquest of epidemic disease.

The Deadly Rise of Anti-science

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Author :
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421447231
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis The Deadly Rise of Anti-science by : Peter J. Hotez

Download or read book The Deadly Rise of Anti-science written by Peter J. Hotez and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2023-09-19 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Peter Hotez discusses how an antivaccine movement became a dangerous political campaign promoted by elected officials and amplified by news media, causing thousands of American deaths. During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, one renowned scientist, in his famous bowtie, appeared daily on major news networks such as MSNBC, NPR, the BBC, and others. Dr. Peter J. Hotez often went without sleep, working around the clock to develop a nonprofit COVID-19 vaccine and to keep the public informed. During that time, he was one of the most trusted voices on the pandemic and was even nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize for his selfless work. He also became one of the main targets of anti-science rhetoric that gained traction through conservative news media. In this eyewitness story of how the anti-vaccine movement grew into a dangerous and prominent anti-science element in American politics, Hotez describes the devastating impacts it has had on Americans' health and lives. As a scientist who has endured antagonism from anti-vaxxers and been at the forefront of both essential scientific discovery and advocacy, Hotez is uniquely qualified to tell this story. By weaving his personal experiences together with information on how the anti-vaccine movement became a tool of far-right political figures around the world, Hotez opens readers' eyes to the dangers of anti-science. He explains how anti-science became a major societal and lethal force: in the first years of the pandemic, more than 200,000 unvaccinated Americans needlessly died despite the widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccines. Even as he paints a picture of the world under a shadow of aggressive ignorance, Hotez demonstrates his innate optimism, offering solutions for how to combat science denial and save lives in the process.

Ten years in public health 2007-2017

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Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 924151244X
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Ten years in public health 2007-2017 by : Margaret Chan

Download or read book Ten years in public health 2007-2017 written by Margaret Chan and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ten years in public health 2007-2017 chronicles the evolution of global public health over the decade that Margaret Chan served as Director-General at the World Health Organization. This series of chapters evaluates successes setbacks and enduring challenges during the decade. They show what needs to be done when progress stalls or new threats emerge. The chapters show how WHO technical leadership can get multiple partners working together in tandem under coherent strategies. The importance of country leadership and community engagement is stressed repeatedly throughout the chapters. Together we have made tremendous progress. Health and life expectancy have improved nearly everywhere. Millions of lives have been saved. The number of people dying from malaria and HIV has been cut in half. WHO efforts to stop TB saved 49 million lives since the start of this century. In 2015 the number of child deaths dropped below 6 million for the first time a 50% decrease in annual deaths since 1990. Every day 19 000 fewer children die. We are able to count these numbers because of the culture of measurement and accountability instilled in WHO. These chapters tell a powerful story of global challenges and how they have been overcome. In a world facing considerable uncertainty international health development is a unifying – and uplifting – force for the good of humanity.

Tropical Infectious Diseases

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780443079085
Total Pages : 1644 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Tropical Infectious Diseases by : Richard L. Guerrant

Download or read book Tropical Infectious Diseases written by Richard L. Guerrant and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to increased travel in isolated regions, clinicians are more likely to encounter tropical diseases than ever before. This modern textbook comprehensively covers all tropical diseases. Written by an internationally renowned group of contributors, it covers the pathogens, syndromes, and organ systems. It is profusely illustrated, including life cycles for all significant organisms. Discusses the principles of parasite biology, epidemiology, and analyses diagnostic approaches to syndromes such as fever, rash, eosinophilia, and anaemia. Covers a full range of tropical diseases including those caused by bacterial, mycobacterial, spirochetal, chlamydial, parasitic, rickettsial and viral infections. Employs a consistent chapter organisation for each pathogen, beginning with the organism and its history, taxonomy and epidemiology, and progressing through its pathogenesis and immunology to diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, and prevention. Visually clarifies the interrelationships between parasites, humans, and the ecology with 30 detailed life-cycle drawings. Reviews all the latest developments on the immunology, pathogenesis, and genetics of virulence, as well as the newest molecular approaches to diagnosis and control. Includes maps detailing specific diseases indigenous to certain parts of the world, and an abundance of figures, algorithms, and tables. Enables further researching with over 14,000 references. Spanish version also available, ISBN: 84-8174-618-5

Netter's Infectious Diseases - E-Book

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323775969
Total Pages : 643 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (237 download)

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Book Synopsis Netter's Infectious Diseases - E-Book by : Elaine C. Jong

Download or read book Netter's Infectious Diseases - E-Book written by Elaine C. Jong and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2021-03-19 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Widely used by students, residents, generalists, and specialists, Netter's Infectious Diseases, 2nd Edition delivers must-know information on infectious diseases in a highly illustrated, easily accessible format. Concise visual overviews of essential topics provide a convenient, trustworthy way to review the basics of a given infectious disease or issue or to share with patients or staff. Drs. Elaine Jong and Dennis Stevens cover the wide spectrum of illness and disease in this complex field using memorable illustrations by world-renowned artist Frank H. Netter and others, offering a time-saving, authoritative look at infectious disease risk factors, clinical presentations, pathophysiology, and more. - Covers major conditions and problems such as vaccine-preventable diseases, drug-resistant staph, community acquired pneumonia, surgical infections, pyelonephritis, viral hepatitis, and sexually transmitted infections—and provides updated approaches to diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and standards of care. - Includes new clinical vignettes added to most chapters - Provides updated and expanded coverage of emerging infectious diseases such as multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), neuroangiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm disease), Ebola virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Disease (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Coronavirus Infectious Disease-2019 (COVID-19), and novel influenza viruses including public health concerns. - Covers vector-borne diseases including malaria, yellow fever, Zika infections and congenital Zika syndrome, West Nile fever, Lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis, and Chagas disease plus others. - New chapters on travelers' diarrhea, cholera, and primary amebic meningoencephalitis debut in the section on international travel and outdoor activities. - Contains memorable parasite life cycles and unforgettable parasite infection clinical vignettes. - Features unparalleled illustrations by Drs. Frank H. Netter, Carlos Machado, and others, as well as radiologic images. - Provides 24 printable patient education brochures in the digital ebook.

Vaccines

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Author :
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 1483165175
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)

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Book Synopsis Vaccines by : Ronald W. Ellis

Download or read book Vaccines written by Ronald W. Ellis and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2014-05-16 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vaccines: New Approaches to Immunological Problems presents the advances in the range of strategies and approaches for producing vaccines. The book is comprised of 20 chapters that cover the properties of different vaccines. The coverage of the text includes vaccines for cholera, malaria, helminth, and influenza. The book also discusses topics about the key elements of modern technologies that can be applied to different vaccines, such as active immunization strategies using anti-idiotypic antibodies; passive immunoprophylaxis with human monoclonal antibodies; and immunological adjuvants and their mode of action. The text will be of great use to scientists involved in the research and development of vaccines, such as molecular biologists, biochemists, and virologists.

The Control of Schistosomiasis

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Control of Schistosomiasis by : WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Schistosomiasis

Download or read book The Control of Schistosomiasis written by WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Schistosomiasis and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to the technical and practical factors that need to be considered when designing and implementing programmes for the control of schistosomiasis. Noting the success of strategies focused on morbidity control, the report shows how the spectrum of programme goals can now be broadened to include reductions in the prevalence and intensity of established infections and decreases in the intensity of transmission. Throughout, emphasis is placed on knowledge and experiences that can help programme managers establish feasible goals and then select control options in line with the form of infection, its public health importance, the degree and type of morbidity, available resources, and integration into the primary health care system. Information is specific to the different types of schistosomiasis and the distinctive epidemiological features, clinical manifestations, and response to treatment of each. The report has three main parts. The first, which is devoted to strategies for control, gives programme managers a concise, yet complete review of all factors that need to be considered when establishing priorities and deciding on the most appropriate options for control. Emphasis is placed on the many recent advances, including experiences with praziquantel, that have strengthened the tools available for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure. While noting the severe financial constraints faced in many endemic countries, the report cites recent findings and experiences that make it possible for each endemic country to take action against schistosomiasis, even when resources are scarce and health services limited. The second part gives specialists a detailed state-of-the-art review of all technical developments relevant to control. Separate sections describe the distinctive patterns of morbidity and mortality seen in each form of infection, update knowledge about the parasite and its mammalian hosts, and summarize what is known about the snail intermediate host and its susceptibility to control by molluscicides, biological agents, and environmental management. Other sections describe a range of advances in diagnostic tools, from hospital-based radiological investigations to the use of portable ultrasound equipment at the village level, and issue advice on treatmet and retreatment schedules for chemotherapy with praziquantel, metrifonate, and oxamniquine. The final part uses profiles of control programmes in 23 countries to document the feasibility of control and illustrate the diversity of approaches that can be applied according to different national conditions, forms and prevalence of infection, health care systems, and available resources.

The Schistosomiasis Vaccine - It Is Time to Stand Up

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (136 download)

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Book Synopsis The Schistosomiasis Vaccine - It Is Time to Stand Up by :

Download or read book The Schistosomiasis Vaccine - It Is Time to Stand Up written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Schistosomiasis is a severe parasitic disease, endemic in 74 developing countries with up to 600 million people, including many children, infected and 800 million at risk of contracting the disease following infection with Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium or S. japonicum. Disease burden is estimated to exceed 70 million disability-adjusted life-years, and leads to remarkably high YLD (years lived with disability) rates. Even more importantly, people with schistosomiasis are highly susceptible to malaria, tuberculosis and hepatic and acquired immunodeficiency viruses. There is only one drug, praziquantel, currently available for treatment and it has high efficacy, low cost, and limited side effects. However, only 13% of the target population has received the drug, and those treated are at continuous risk of reinfection necessitating repeated drug administration and the emergence of drug resistant parasites is a constant threat. There currently is no vaccine. While the target of >40% protection has been achieved with some molecules such as excretory-secretory proteins including calpain, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and cysteine peptidases, very recent articles reiterate the findings published during the last 2 decades of the last century, contradicting the established data of the pioneers of schistosome biology. A consensus should be reached without delay, in order to propose collaborative independent experiments and proceed ahead to pre- and clinical trials with efficacious candidate vaccine molecules. The proposed plan aims to finally reach an objective and fruitful agreement , via inviting established and young researchers from the United States, Brazil, China, Australia, and Europe who are working with different vaccine antigens, adjuvants, and approaches for immunization against S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum. It is hoped that the forum will end with a very few candidate antigens and a consensus approach regarding target immune responses, thus leading to encouraging the World Health Organization and other international foundations to sponsor the development and implementation of the urgently required, yet still elusive, vaccine for preventing and eliminating the transmission of schistosomiasis.