The Roots Of Reason

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The Roots of Reason

Author : David Papineau
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191516082
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis The Roots of Reason by : David Papineau

Download or read book The Roots of Reason written by David Papineau and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2006-01-26 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Papineau presents a controversial view of human reason, portraying it as a normal part of the natural world, and drawing on the empirical sciences to illuminate its workings. In these six interconnected essays he offers a fresh approach to some long-standing problems. Papineau rejects the contemporary orthodoxy that genuine thought hinges on some species of non-natural normativity. He explores the evolutionary histories of theoretical and practical rationality, indicating ways in which capacities underlying human reasoning have been selected for their biological advantages. He then looks at the connection between decision and probability, explaining how good decisions need to be informed by causal as well as probabilistic facts. Finally he defends the radical view that a satisfactory understanding of decision-making is only possible within a specific interpretation of quantum mechanics. By placing the subject in its scientific context, Papineau shows how human rationality plays an explicable role in the functioning of the natural world.

The Roots of Reason

Author : David Papineau
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199288712
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis The Roots of Reason by : David Papineau

Download or read book The Roots of Reason written by David Papineau and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-01-26 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Papineau presents a controversial view of human reason, portraying it as a normal part of the natural world, and drawing on the empirical sciences to illuminate its workings. In these six interconnected essays he offers a fresh approach to some long-standing problems.Papineau rejects the contemporary orthodoxy that genuine thought hinges on some species of non-natural normativity. He explores the evolutionary histories of theoretical and practical rationality, indicating ways in which capacities underlying human reasoning have been selected for their biological advantages. He then looks at the connection between decision and probability, explaining how good decisions need to be informed by causal as well as probabilistic facts. Finally he defends theradical view that a satisfactory understanding of decision-making is only possible within a specific interpretation of quantum mechanics.By placing the subject in its scientific context, Papineau shows how human rationality plays an explicable role in the functioning of the natural world.

The Dialogical Roots of Deduction

Author : Catarina Dutilh Novaes
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110847988X
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis The Dialogical Roots of Deduction by : Catarina Dutilh Novaes

Download or read book The Dialogical Roots of Deduction written by Catarina Dutilh Novaes and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive account of the concept and practices of deduction covering philosophy, history, cognition and mathematical practice.

The Roots of Evil

Author : John Kekes
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801471303
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis The Roots of Evil by : John Kekes

Download or read book The Roots of Evil written by John Kekes and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2014-02-15 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Evil is the most serious of our moral problems. All over the world cruelty, greed, prejudice, and fanaticism ruin the lives of countless victims. Outrage provokes outrage. Millions nurture seething hatred of real or imagined enemies, revealing savage and destructive tendencies in human nature. Understanding this challenges our optimistic illusions about the effectiveness of reason and morality in bettering human lives. But abandoning these illusions is vitally important because they are obstacles to countering the threat of evil. The aim of this book is to explain why people act in these ways and what can be done about it."—John Kekes The first part of this book is a detailed discussion of six horrible cases of evil: the Albigensian Crusade of about 1210; Robespierre's Terror of 1793–94; Franz Stangl, who commanded a Nazi death camp in 1943–44; the 1969 murders committed by Charles Manson and his "family"; the "dirty war" conducted by the Argentinean military dictatorship of the late 1970s; and the activities of a psychopath named John Allen, who recorded reminiscences in 1975. John Kekes includes these examples not out of sensationalism, but rather to underline the need to hold vividly in our minds just what evil is. The second part shows why, in Kekes's view, explanations of evil inspired by Christianity and the Enlightenment fail to account for these cases and then provides an original explanation of evil in general and of these instances of it in particular.

Reason and Less

Author : Vinod Goel
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262045478
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Reason and Less by : Vinod Goel

Download or read book Reason and Less written by Vinod Goel and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-02-08 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new, biologically driven model of human behavior in which reason is tethered to the evolutionarily older autonomic, instinctive, and associative systems. In Reason and Less, Vinod Goel explains the workings of the tethered mind. Reason does not float on top of our biology but is tethered to evolutionarily older autonomic, instinctive, and associative systems. After describing the conceptual and neuroanatomical basis of each system, Goel shows how they interact to generate a blended response. Goel’s commonsense account drives human behavior back into the biology, where it belongs, and provides a richer set of tools for understanding how we pursue food, sex, and politics. Goel takes the reader on a journey through psychology (cognitive, behavioral, developmental, and evolutionary), neuroscience, philosophy, ethology, economics, and political science to explain the workings of the tethered mind. One key insight that holds everything together is that feelings—generated in old, widely conserved brain stem structures—are evolution’s solution to initiating and selecting all behaviors, and provide the common currency for the different systems to interact. Reason is as much about feelings as are lust and the taste of chocolate cake. All systems contribute to behavior and the overall control structure is one that maximizes pleasure and minimizes displeasure. Tethered rationality has some sobering and challenging implications for such real-world human behaviors as climate change denial, Trumpism, racism, or sexism. They cannot be changed simply by targeting beliefs but will require more drastic measures, the nature of which depends on the specific behavior in question. Having an accurate model of human behavior is the crucial first step.

The Need for Roots

Author : Simone Weil
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000082792
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Need for Roots by : Simone Weil

Download or read book The Need for Roots written by Simone Weil and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hailed by Andre Gide as the patron saint of all outsiders, Simone Weil's short life was ample testimony to her beliefs. In 1942 she fled France along with her family, going firstly to America. She then moved back to London in order to work with de Gaulle. Published posthumously The Need for Roots was a direct result of this collaboration. Its purpose was to help rebuild France after the war. In this, her most famous book, Weil reflects on the importance of religious and political social structures in the life of the individual. She wrote that one of the basic obligations we have as human beings is to not let another suffer from hunger. Equally as important, however, is our duty towards our community: we may have declared various human rights, but we have overlooked the obligations and this has left us self-righteous and rootless. She could easily have been issuing a direct warning to us today, the citizens of Century 21.

Introduction, and Reason in common sense

Author : George Santayana
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (21 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction, and Reason in common sense by : George Santayana

Download or read book Introduction, and Reason in common sense written by George Santayana and published by . This book was released on 1905 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Humanist Reason - a History. an Argument. a Plan

Author : Eric Hayot
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780231197854
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (978 download)

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Book Synopsis Humanist Reason - a History. an Argument. a Plan by : Eric Hayot

Download or read book Humanist Reason - a History. an Argument. a Plan written by Eric Hayot and published by . This book was released on 2021-01-12 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eric Hayot argues that it is time to make a positive case for what the humanities are and what they can become. Humanist Reason lays out a new vision that moves beyond traditional disciplines to demonstrate what the humanities can tell us about our world.

On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason

Author : Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher : Open Court Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780875482019
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (82 download)

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Book Synopsis On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason by : Arthur Schopenhauer

Download or read book On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by Open Court Publishing. This book was released on 1974 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Schopenhauer's analyses of causation and related concepts . . . rival and probably surpass in their depth and brilliance the more celebrated discussions of David Hume. Where Hume grossly oversimplified these problems and left them riddled with paradoxes, Schopenhauer disentangled them and shed light on what had seemed hopelessly dark." --Richard Taylor, University of Rochester

Primal Roots of American Philosophy

Author : Bruce Wilshire
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 9780271041322
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (413 download)

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Book Synopsis Primal Roots of American Philosophy by : Bruce Wilshire

Download or read book Primal Roots of American Philosophy written by Bruce Wilshire and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continuing his quest to bring American philosophy back to its roots, Bruce Wilshire connects the work of such thinkers as Thoreau, Emerson, Dewey, and James with Native American beliefs and practices. His search is not for exact parallels, but rather for fundamental affinities between the equally &"organismic&" thought systems of indigenous peoples and classic American philosophers. Wilshire gives particular emphasis to the affinities between Black Elk&’s view of the hoop of the world and Emerson&’s notion of horizon, and also between a shaman&’s healing practices and James&’s ideas of pure experience, willingness to believe, and a pluralistic universe. As these connections come into focus, the book shows how European phenomenology was inspired and influenced by the classic American philosophers, whose own work reveals the inspiration and influence of indigenous thought. Wilshire&’s book also reveals how artificial are the walls that separate the sciences and the humanities in academia, and that separate Continental from Anglo-American thought within the single discipline of philosophy.

On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason

Author : Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason by : Arthur Schopenhauer

Download or read book On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Madness and Civilization

Author : Michel Foucault
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 0307833100
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Madness and Civilization by : Michel Foucault

Download or read book Madness and Civilization written by Michel Foucault and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2013-01-30 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Michel Foucault examines the archeology of madness in the West from 1500 to 1800 - from the late Middle Ages, when insanity was still considered part of everyday life and fools and lunatics walked the streets freely, to the time when such people began to be considered a threat, asylums were first built, and walls were erected between the "insane" and the rest of humanity.

The Roots of Normativity

Author : Joseph Raz
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192847007
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis The Roots of Normativity by : Joseph Raz

Download or read book The Roots of Normativity written by Joseph Raz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book concerns one of the most basic philosophical questions: the explanation of normativity in its many guises. It lays out succinctly the view of normativity that Raz has sought to develop over many decades and determines its contours through some of its applications. In a nutshell, it is the view that understanding normativity is understanding the roles and structures of normative reasons which, when they are reasons for actions, are based on values. The book aims also to clarify the ways in which normative reasons are made for rational beings like us. It brings the account of normativity to bear on many aspects of the lives of rational beings, most abstractly, their agency, more concretely their ability to form and maintain relationships, and live their lives as social beings with a sense of their identity"--

"The Bold Arcs of Salvation History"

Author : Maureen Junker-Kenny
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110746670
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis "The Bold Arcs of Salvation History" by : Maureen Junker-Kenny

Download or read book "The Bold Arcs of Salvation History" written by Maureen Junker-Kenny and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-01-19 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers the first in-depth treatment in English language of Habermas’s long-awaited work on religion, Auch eine Geschichte der Philosophie, published in 2019. Charting the contingent origins and turning points of occidental thinking through to the current "postmetaphysical" stage, the two volumes provide striking insights into the intellectual streams and conflicts in which core components of modern self-understanding have been forged. The encounter of Greek metaphysics with biblical monotheism has led to a theology of history as salvation, expanding in bold arcs from Adam’s Fall to Christ and the Last Judgement. The reconstruction of key turns in the relationship between faith and knowledge ends, however, with locating the uniqueness of religion in "ritual" and defining reason as inherently secular. The book exposes the sources and trajectories, analysed by Habermas with great erudition, to different assessments in biblical studies, theology, and philosophy of subjectivity. Apart from Paul and Augustine, key lines of continuity are identified in the Gospels, early patristic theology, Duns Scotus and Schleiermacher that retain the internal connection of faith to autonomous freedom.

The Life of Reason: The Phases of Human Progress

Author : George Santayana
Publisher : Good Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1062 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (57 download)

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Book Synopsis The Life of Reason: The Phases of Human Progress by : George Santayana

Download or read book The Life of Reason: The Phases of Human Progress written by George Santayana and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2019-11-20 with total page 1062 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Life of Reason: The Phases of Human Progress" by George Santayana consists of Reason in Common Sense, Reason in Society, Reason in Religion, Reason in Art, and Reason in Science. The work is considered to be the most complete expression of Santayana's moral philosophy, which is strongly influenced by the materialism of Democritus and the refined ethics of Aristotle, with a special emphasis on the natural development of ideal ends.

The Rational and the Moral Order

Author : Kurt Baier
Publisher : Open Court Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780812692648
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rational and the Moral Order by : Kurt Baier

Download or read book The Rational and the Moral Order written by Kurt Baier and published by Open Court Publishing. This book was released on 1995 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The Rational and the Moral Order' is a significant book providing a comprehensive theory of morality. The opening chapter is simply marvellous. Baier provides a cogent response to Hume's conundrums on practical reasoning: logical entailment, he argues, is not the correct model of the relation between reasons and that for which they are reasons. Indeed, the giving of reasons is, in part, a social enterprise, and there is no necessary connection between rationality and self-interest. Just as the giving of reasons is a social enterprise taught to succeeding generations, so too is the moral enterprise, for a moral order is a social order of some sort. It is a social order that encourages a critical stance toward, and permits the correction of, its mores. Moral precepts can be sound or unsound, and yet can be relative to a moral order. In the concluding chapter Baier shows how his theoretical framework can be used to confront some of the moral problems people face, problems which have also exercised contemporary philosophers. Though there are many philosophers who believe that killing is worse than letting anyone die, there are few that defend the view other than by raw intuition. Baier deploys the resources of his theory of morality in support of this widely shared but poorly defended viewpoints. "Along the way, Baier deals with virtually all the problems that have taxed moral philosophers for a very long time -- rationality, responsibility, morality's relation to law, the good life, prisoner's dilemma, moral motivation, and others. The Rational and the Moral Order is careful, insightful, and convincing." --Theodore M. Benditt, University of Alabama

The Roots of My Obsession

Author : Thomas C. Cooper
Publisher : Timber Press
ISBN 13 : 1604692715
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (46 download)

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Book Synopsis The Roots of My Obsession by : Thomas C. Cooper

Download or read book The Roots of My Obsession written by Thomas C. Cooper and published by Timber Press. This book was released on 2012-10-02 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do you garden? For fun? Work? Food? The reasons to garden are as unique as the gardener. The Roots of My Obsession features thirty essays from the most vital voices in gardening, exploring the myriad motives and impulses that cause a person to become a gardener. For some, it’s the quest to achieve a personal vision of ultimate beauty; for others, it’s a mission to heal the earth, or to grow a perfect peach. The essays are as distinct as their authors, and yet each one is direct, engaging, and from the heart. For Doug Tallamy, a love of plants is rooted first in a love of animals: “animals with two legs (birds), four legs (box turtles, salamanders, and foxes), six legs (butterflies and beetles), eight legs (spiders), dozens of legs (centipedes), hundreds of legs (millipedes), and even animals with no legs (snakes and pollywogs).” For Rosalind Creasy, it’s “not the plant itself; it’s how you use it in the garden.” And for Sydney Eddison, the reason has changed throughout the years. Now, she “gardens for the moment.” As you read, you may find yourself nodding your head in agreement, or gasping in disbelief. What you’re sure to encounter is some of the best writing about the gardener’s soul ever to appear. For anyone who cherishes the miracle of bringing forth life from the soil, The Roots of My Obsession is essential inspiration.