The Roman Army Of The Principate 27 Bc Ad 117

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The Roman Army of the Principate 27 BC–AD 117

Author : Nic Fields
Publisher : Osprey Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781846033865
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (338 download)

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Book Synopsis The Roman Army of the Principate 27 BC–AD 117 by : Nic Fields

Download or read book The Roman Army of the Principate 27 BC–AD 117 written by Nic Fields and published by Osprey Publishing. This book was released on 2009-03-31 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Imperial Army established by Augustus drew heavily on the nomenclature and traditions of the late Roman Republic, but was revolutionary in its design. He decided to meet all the military needs of the Empire from a standing, professional army. Military service became a career, and pay and service conditions were established that took account of the categories of soldier in the army: the Praetorian Guard, the citizen legionary troops, and the non-citizen auxiliaries. Enlistment was for 25 years (16 in the Guard), and men were sometimes retained even longer. The loyalty of the new army was to the emperor as commander-in-chief, and not to either the Senate or the People of Rome. Imperial legions became permanent units with their own numbers and titles and many were to remain in existence for centuries to come. Likewise, the auxiliary units (auxilia) of the army were completely reorganized and given regular status. Trained to the same standards of discipline as the legions, the men were long-serving professional soldiers like the legionaries and served in units that were equally permanent. Drawn from a wide range of peoples throughout the provinces, especially on the fringes of the Empire, the auxilia were non-citizens and would receive Roman citizenship upon completion of their twenty-five years under arms.

Military Service and the Integration of Jews into the Roman Empire

Author : Raúl González-Salinero
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004507256
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Military Service and the Integration of Jews into the Roman Empire by : Raúl González-Salinero

Download or read book Military Service and the Integration of Jews into the Roman Empire written by Raúl González-Salinero and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-02-28 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though relations between the Jewish people and the Roman state were sometimes strained to the point of warfare and bloodshed, Jewish military service between the 1st century BCE to the 6th century CE is attested by multiple sources.

Roman Army Units in the Eastern Provinces (1)

Author : Raffaele D’Amato
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472821785
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Roman Army Units in the Eastern Provinces (1) by : Raffaele D’Amato

Download or read book Roman Army Units in the Eastern Provinces (1) written by Raffaele D’Amato and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-05-18 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between the reigns of Augustus and Septimius Severus, the Eastern provinces of the Roman Empire frequently saw brutal fighting, most notably during the conquest of Dacia by Trajan, the suppression of the Great Revolt in Judea and intermittent clashes with Rome's great rival Parthia. In these wars, Roman soldiers had to fight in a range of different climates and terrains, from the deserts of the Middle East to the islands of the eastern Mediterranean. Using full-colour artwork, this book examines the variation of equipment and uniforms both between different military units, and in armies stationed in different regions of the Empire. Using evidence drawn from recent archaeological finds, it paints a vivid portrait of Roman army units in the Eastern provinces in the first two centuries of the Imperial period.

Roman Army Units in the Western Provinces (1)

Author : Raffaele D’Amato
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472815394
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Roman Army Units in the Western Provinces (1) by : Raffaele D’Amato

Download or read book Roman Army Units in the Western Provinces (1) written by Raffaele D’Amato and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2016-06-16 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At its height the Roman Empire stretched across Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, maintained by an army of modest size but great diversity. In popular culture these soldiers are often portrayed in a generic fashion, but continuing research indicates significant variations in Roman armour and equipment not only between different legions and the provincially-raised auxiliary cohorts that made up half of the army, but also between different regions within the empire. With reference to the latest archaeological and documentary evidence Dr D'Amato investigates how Roman Army units in the Western provinces were equipped, exploring the local influences and traditions that caused the variations in attire.

Aspects of Roman History AD 14–117

Author : Richard Alston
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134787812
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (347 download)

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Book Synopsis Aspects of Roman History AD 14–117 by : Richard Alston

Download or read book Aspects of Roman History AD 14–117 written by Richard Alston and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-01-04 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aspects of Roman History AD14–117 charts the history of the Roman Imperial period, from the establishment of the Augustan principate to the reign of Trajan, providing a basic chronological framework of the main events and introductory outlines of the major issues of the period. The first half of the book outlines the linear development of the Roman Empire, emperor by emperor, accenting the military and political events. The second half of the book concentrates on important themes which apply to the period as a whole, such as the religious, economic and social functioning of the Roman Empire. It includes: a discussion of the primary sources of Roman Imperial history clearly laid out chapters on different themes of the Roman Empire such as patronage, religion, the role of the senate, the army and the position of women and slaves designed for easy cross-referencing with the chronological outline of events maps and illustrations a guide to further reading. Richard Alston's highly accessible book is designed specifically for students with little previous experience of studying ancient/Roman history. Aspects of Roman History provides an invaluable introduction to Roman Imperial history, which will allow students to gain an overview of the period and will be an indispensable aid to note-taking, essay preparation and examination revision.

Roman Standards & Standard-Bearers (2)

Author : Raffaele D’Amato
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472836502
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Roman Standards & Standard-Bearers (2) by : Raffaele D’Amato

Download or read book Roman Standards & Standard-Bearers (2) written by Raffaele D’Amato and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-01-23 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Late Roman Empire was a period of significant change in the designs of standards and in the costumes of standard-bearers. During the middle decades of the chaotic 3rd century, evidence confirms the continued use of the old legionary eagle and the signa of the old cohorts and centuries, alongside flags and Imperial images. The two major trends over the later generations were the adoption of Christian symbols on standards (e.g. Constantine the Great's Chi-Rho), and the proliferation of different types of flags. This had begun in the late 2nd century with the adoption of the 'barbarian' dragon standard, the windsock-shaped draco, which continued to be displayed alongside various other flags in the Greek-speaking Eastern Empire, whose influence increased greatly. Meanwhile, the growing employment of foreign units was such that by the 5th century we have evidence of the use of Hunnic symbolism among a Roman general's suite of standards. The costumes of standard-bearers also evolved as 'Persian' styles spread from Constantinople. This title explores all these changes in depth, charting the development of various costumes and designs and the waxing and waning influence of various cultures and religious considerations. The text is supported by specially commissioned illustrations and artist's reconstructions of the standards and their bearers.

The Roman Army

Author : Pat Southern
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198044011
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis The Roman Army by : Pat Southern

Download or read book The Roman Army written by Pat Southern and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-10-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a leading authority on Roman military history, this fascinating volume spans over a thousand years as it offers a memorable picture of one of the world's most noted fighting forces, paying special attention to the life of the common soldier. Southern here illuminates the Roman army's history, culture, and organization, providing fascinating details on topics such as military music, holidays, strategy, the construction of Roman fortresses and forts, the most common battle formations, and the many tools of war, from spears, bows and arrows, swords, and slingshots, to the large catapulta (which fired giant arrows and bolts) and the ballista (which hurled huge stones). Perhaps most interesting are the details Southern provides about everyday life in the Roman army, everything from the soldiers pay (they were paid three times per year, but money was deducted for such items as food, clothing, weapons, the burial club, the pension scheme, and so on) to their often brutal life--if whole units turned and ran, about one-tenth of the men concerned were chosen by lot and clubbed to death and the rest were put on barley rations instead of wheat. Moreover, soldiers who lost weapons or their shields would fight savagely to get them back or would die in the process, rather than suffer the shame that attached to throwing weapons away or running from the battle. Attractively illustrated, this book offers a fascinating look at the life of the Roman soldier, drawing on everything from Rome's rich historical and archaeological record to soldier's personal correspondence to depictions of military subjects in literature and art.

The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire

Author : Edward Luttwak
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421419459
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire by : Edward Luttwak

Download or read book The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire written by Edward Luttwak and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2016-05-18 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A newly updated edition of this classic, hugely influential account of how the Romans defended their vast empire. At the height of its power, the Roman Empire encompassed the entire Mediterranean basin, extending much beyond it from Britain to Mesopotamia, from the Rhine to the Black Sea. Rome prospered for centuries while successfully resisting attack, fending off everything from overnight robbery raids to full-scale invasion attempts by entire nations on the move. How were troops able to defend the Empire’s vast territories from constant attacks? And how did they do so at such moderate cost that their treasury could pay for an immensity of highways, aqueducts, amphitheaters, city baths, and magnificent temples? In The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire, seasoned defense analyst Edward N. Luttwak reveals how the Romans were able to combine military strength, diplomacy, and fortifications to effectively respond to changing threats. Rome’s secret was not ceaseless fighting, but comprehensive strategies that unified force, diplomacy, and an immense infrastructure of roads, forts, walls, and barriers. Initially relying on client states to buffer attacks, Rome moved to a permanent frontier defense around 117 CE. Finally, as barbarians began to penetrate the empire, Rome filed large armies in a strategy of “defense-in-depth,” allowing invaders to pierce Rome’s borders. This updated edition has been extensively revised to incorporate recent scholarship and archeological findings. A new preface explores Roman imperial statecraft. This illuminating book remains essential to both ancient historians and students of modern strategy.

The Great Illyrian Revolt

Author : Jason R. Abdale
Publisher : Casemate Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1526718197
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (267 download)

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Book Synopsis The Great Illyrian Revolt by : Jason R. Abdale

Download or read book The Great Illyrian Revolt written by Jason R. Abdale and published by Casemate Publishers. This book was released on 2019-06-30 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The little-known story of a fierce rebellion against the Romans:“A very good read for anyone interested in ancient military history and historiography.” —The NYMAS Review In the year AD 9, three Roman legions were crushed by the German warlord Arminius in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. This event is well known, but there was another uprising that Rome faced shortly before, which lasted from AD 6 to 9, and was just as intense. This rebellion occurred in the western Balkans—an area roughly corresponding to modern Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Montenegro, and parts of Serbia and Albania—and it tested the Roman Empire to its limits. For three years, fifteen legions fought in the narrow valleys and forest-covered crags of the Dinaric Mountains in a ruthless war of attrition against an equally ruthless and determined foe, and yet this conflict is largely unknown today. The Great Illyrian Revolt is believed to be the first book ever devoted to this forgotten war of the Roman Empire. Within its pages, we examine the history and culture of the mysterious Illyrian people, the story of how Rome became involved in this volatile region, and what the Roman army had to face during those harrowing three years in the Balkans.

A History of the Roman Equestrian Order

Author : Caillan Davenport
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108750176
Total Pages : 1088 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of the Roman Equestrian Order by : Caillan Davenport

Download or read book A History of the Roman Equestrian Order written by Caillan Davenport and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-10 with total page 1088 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Roman social hierarchy, the equestrian order stood second only to the senatorial aristocracy in status and prestige. Throughout more than a thousand years of Roman history, equestrians played prominent roles in the Roman government, army, and society as cavalrymen, officers, businessmen, tax collectors, jurors, administrators, and writers. This book offers the first comprehensive history of the equestrian order, covering the period from the eighth century BC to the fifth century AD. It examines how Rome's cavalry became the equestrian order during the Republican period, before analysing how imperial rule transformed the role of equestrians in government. Using literary and documentary evidence, the book demonstrates the vital social function which the equestrian order filled in the Roman world, and how this was shaped by the transformation of the Roman state itself.

Leadership and Initiative in Late Republican and Early Imperial Rome

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004511407
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Leadership and Initiative in Late Republican and Early Imperial Rome by :

Download or read book Leadership and Initiative in Late Republican and Early Imperial Rome written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-02-07 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume breaks new ground by exploring how the political actors of different formal statuses, age, and gender were able to “take the lead” in ancient Rome through initiating communication, proposing new solutions, and prompting others to act.

The Roman Army

Author : Nic Fields
Publisher : Osprey Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781846032622
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (326 download)

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Book Synopsis The Roman Army by : Nic Fields

Download or read book The Roman Army written by Nic Fields and published by Osprey Publishing. This book was released on 2008-10-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Roman Legions were the most highly organized troops of the ancient world, but the process of turning the Legions from what was essentially a part-time citizen militia into the professional force that first made Rome the dominant power in the Mediterranean and then built an empire that stretched across the known world, was no small feat Focusing on the organizational changes in the Roman Army during the Civil Wars, Nic Fields examines the role played by Caius Marius and his far-reaching reforms, which included having professional volunteers from the lowest social class enter the army in search of the possibility of plunder. He goes on to examine the consequences of encouraging these soldiers to follow their commanders without question, which broke the allegiance of the army to the Roman state, a trend that gave rise to militarily ambitious men such as Sulla, Pompeius, Caesar, Antonius, and Octavian. With the nuts and bolts detail that readers demand from the Battle Orders series, this is an intriguing description of how the Roman army grew, modernized, rebelled and finally helped build an empire, complete with full organizational charts, photographs and detailed maps.

Marcus Agrippa

Author : Lindsay Powell
Publisher : Pen and Sword
ISBN 13 : 1473853818
Total Pages : 479 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (738 download)

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Book Synopsis Marcus Agrippa by : Lindsay Powell

Download or read book Marcus Agrippa written by Lindsay Powell and published by Pen and Sword. This book was released on 2015-02-28 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authoritative biography of the ancient Roman general and loyal deputy to Emperor Augustus by the acclaimed historian and author of Augustus at War. When Gaius Octavius became the first emperor of Rome, Marcus Agrippa was by his side. As the emperor’s loyal deputy, he waged wars, pacified provinces, beautified Rome, and played a crucial role in establishing the Pax Romana—but he always served knowing that he would never rule in his own name. Why he did so, and never grasped power for himself, has perplexed historians for centuries. In this authoritative biography, historian Lindsay Powell offers a penetrating new assessment of Agrippa’s life and achievements. Following Caesar’s assassination, Agrippa was instrumental in asserting the rights of his friend Gaius Octavius as the dictator’s heir, seeing him crowned Emperor Augustus. Agrippa then established a reputation as a bold admiral, defeating Marcus Antonius and Queen Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium, and ending bloody rebellions in the Cimmerian Bosporus, Gaul, Hispania, and Illyricum. Agrippa was also an influential statesman and architect. He established the vital road network that turned Julius Caesar’s conquests into viable provinces, overhauled Rome’s drains and aqueducts, and built the original Pantheon. Marrying Augustus’s daughter, Julia the Elder, Agrippa became co-ruler of the Roman Empire until his death in 12 BC. His bloodline lived on in the imperial family, through Agrippina the Elder, his grandson Caligula, and great-grandson Nero.

Four Days in September

Author : Jason R. Abdale
Publisher : Pen and Sword
ISBN 13 : 1473860873
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (738 download)

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Book Synopsis Four Days in September by : Jason R. Abdale

Download or read book Four Days in September written by Jason R. Abdale and published by Pen and Sword. This book was released on 2016-05-31 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author of The Great Illyrian Revolt examines one of the Roman Empire's most pivotal defeats—a surprise attack by Germanic barbarians in 9 AD. For twenty years, the Roman Empire conquered its way through modern-day Germany, claiming all lands from the Rhine to the Elbe. However, when at last all appeared to be under control, a catastrophe erupted that claimed the lives of 10,000 legionnaires and laid Rome's imperial ambitions for Germania into the dust. In late September of 9 AD, three Roman legions, while marching to suppress a distant tribal rebellion, were attacked in a four-day battle with the Germanic barbarians. The Romans under the leadership of the province's governor, Publius Quinctilius Varus, were taken completely by surprise, betrayed by a member of their own ranks: the German officer and secret rebel leader, Arminius. The defeat was a heavy blow to both Rome's military and its pride. Though the disaster was ruthlessly avenged soon afterwards, later attempts at conquering the Germans were half-hearted at best. Four Days in September thoroughly examines the ancient sources and challenges the hypotheses of modern scholars to present a clear picture of the prelude to the battle, the fighting itself and its aftermath.

The Roman Empire and the Indian Ocean

Author : Raoul McLaughlin
Publisher : Pen and Sword
ISBN 13 : 1473840953
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (738 download)

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Book Synopsis The Roman Empire and the Indian Ocean by : Raoul McLaughlin

Download or read book The Roman Empire and the Indian Ocean written by Raoul McLaughlin and published by Pen and Sword. This book was released on 2014-09-11 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study of ancient Roman shipping and trade across continents reveals the Roman Empire’s far-reaching impact in the ancient world. In ancient times, large fleets of Roman merchant ships set sail from Egypt on voyages across the Indian Ocean. They sailed from Roman ports on the Red Sea to distant kingdoms on the east coast of Africa and southern Arabia. Many continued their voyages across the ocean to trade with the rich kingdoms of ancient India. Along these routes, the Roman Empire traded bullion for valuable goods, including exotic African products, Arabian incense, and eastern spices. This book examines Roman commerce with Indian kingdoms from the Indus region to the Tamil lands. It investigates contacts between the Roman Empire and powerful African kingdoms, including the Nilotic regime that ruled Meroe and the rising Axumite Realm. Further chapters explore Roman dealings with the Arab kingdoms of southern Arabia, including the Saba-Himyarites and the Hadramaut Regime, which sent caravans along the incense trail to the ancient rock-carved city of Petra. The first book to bring these subjects together in a single comprehensive study, The Roman Empire and the Indian Ocean reveals Rome’s impact on the ancient world and explains how international trade funded the legions that maintained imperial rule.

Roman Art

Author : Nancy Lorraine Thompson
Publisher : Metropolitan Museum of Art
ISBN 13 : 1588392228
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (883 download)

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Book Synopsis Roman Art by : Nancy Lorraine Thompson

Download or read book Roman Art written by Nancy Lorraine Thompson and published by Metropolitan Museum of Art. This book was released on 2007 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete introduction to the rich cultural legacy of Rome through the study of Roman art ... It includes a discussion of the relevance of Rome to the modern world, a short historical overview, and descriptions of forty-five works of art in the Roman collection organized in three thematic sections: Power and Authority in Roman Portraiture; Myth, Religion, and the Afterlife; and Daily Life in Ancient Rome. This resource also provides lesson plans and classroom activities."--Publisher website.

Britannia AD 43

Author : Nic Fields
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472842081
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Britannia AD 43 by : Nic Fields

Download or read book Britannia AD 43 written by Nic Fields and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the Romans, Britannia lay beyond the comfortable confines of the Mediterranean world around which classical civilisation had flourished. Britannia was felt to be at the outermost edge of the world itself, lending the island an air of dangerous mystique. To the soldiers crossing the Oceanus Britannicus in the late summer of AD 43, the prospect of invading an island believed to be on its periphery must have meant a mixture of panic and promise. These men were part of a formidable army of four veteran legions (II Augusta, VIIII Hispana, XIIII Gemina, XX Valeria), which had been assembled under the overall command of Aulus Plautius Silvanus. Under him were, significantly, first-rate legionary commanders, including the future emperor Titus Flavius Vespasianus. With the auxiliary units, the total invasion force probably mounted to around 40,000 men, but having assembled at Gessoriacum (Boulogne) they refused to embark. Eventually, the mutinous atmosphere was dispelled, and the invasion fleet sailed in three contingents. So, ninety-seven years after Caius Iulius Caesar, the Roman army landed in south-eastern Britannia. After a brisk summer campaign, a province was established behind a frontier zone running from what is now Lyme Bay on the Dorset coast to the Humber estuary. Though the territory overrun during the first campaign season was undoubtedly small, it laid the foundations for the Roman conquest which would soon begin to sweep across Britannia. In this highly illustrated and detailed title, Nic Fields tells the full story of the invasion which established the Romans in Britain, explaining how and why the initial Claudian invasion succeeded and what this meant for the future of Britain.