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The Role Of The Pipe Water Interface In Dbp Formation And Disinfectant Loss
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Book Synopsis The Role of the Pipe-water Interface in DBP Formation and Disinfectant Loss by : Peter J. Vikesland
Download or read book The Role of the Pipe-water Interface in DBP Formation and Disinfectant Loss written by Peter J. Vikesland and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2000 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Long-Term Effects of Disinfection Changes on Water Quality by : John E. Dyksen
Download or read book Long-Term Effects of Disinfection Changes on Water Quality written by John E. Dyksen and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to many U.S. water utilities that are considering changing disinfectants from chlorine to alternative disinfectants, this research has been undertaken to gain knowledge of long-term effects.
Book Synopsis Seasonal Chlorination Practices and Impacts to Chloraminating Utilities by : Peter J. Vikesland
Download or read book Seasonal Chlorination Practices and Impacts to Chloraminating Utilities written by Peter J. Vikesland and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2007-02 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chloramines are widely used to maintain a disinfectant residual in water distribution systems, but can result in nitrification. This research documents the effectiveness of free chlorine for the control of nitrifying bacteria, evaluates the effect of pipe materials on nitrifying bacteria, and determines how DPBs change as a result of the switch to free chlorine.
Book Synopsis Impact of Distribution System Water Quality on Disinfection Efficacy by : Hé́lène Baribeau
Download or read book Impact of Distribution System Water Quality on Disinfection Efficacy written by Hé́lène Baribeau and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2005 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assesses the impact of dynamic water quality conditions in the distribution system on the inactivation of microorganisms in bulk water. Addresses questions about the usefulness of maintaining a secondary residual and the target level to be maintained. Bridges research related to distribution system water quality with that of microbial inactivation.
Author :Gregory J. Kirmeyer Publisher :American Water Works Association ISBN 13 :9781583213315 Total Pages :278 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (133 download)
Book Synopsis Optimizing Chloramine Treatment by : Gregory J. Kirmeyer
Download or read book Optimizing Chloramine Treatment written by Gregory J. Kirmeyer and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2004 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual recommends optimal operational criteria for chloramine application to enhance and protect distribution system water quality. It examines the chemical characteristics of chloramines, documents the use of chloramines with case studies, and provides planning, design, startup, and monitoring strategies for optimizing the use of chloramines.
Book Synopsis Predictive Models for Water Quality in Distribution Systems by : J. Clement
Download or read book Predictive Models for Water Quality in Distribution Systems written by J. Clement and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2005-04-30 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are two groups of specialists involved in the development and application of water quality models, each of which have a different perspective on the use of models: Academics and scientists - chemistry specialists and microbiologists who develop the models. Practitioners - modelers and distribution engineers who use them to solve problems. There are limitations and constraints in the characterization of the underlying processes and the practical application of models to distribution networks, which require further research. The objectives of the research were to characterize the current state of predictive distribution system water quality models and to identify critical research needs for their improvement. The project reviewed both the development and application of models. The report is intended to both steer future research and to act as a general reference on water quality modeling. The report combines a literature review with the practical experience of the project team. The content of a draft report was discussed at an international workshop attended by academics, engineers, scientists, and hydraulic modelers with the objective of agreeing on specific research needs necessary to improve predictive modeling for water quality in distribution systems. The conclusions of the report are derived from the workshop and form the basis of 11 specific research briefs that have been submitted to AwwaRF for consideration of funding. Researchers often focus on modeling the individual processes that control water quality rather than fully modeling water quality throughout distribution systems. For these "process models" to be applied to real distribution networks, they need to be extended to take in account the physical characteristics of the system?the special and temporal variations in flow, velocity and water age, and the effects of mixing water that has traveled along different flow paths.
Book Synopsis Distribution System Water Quality Challenges in the 21st Century by : Michael J. MacPhee
Download or read book Distribution System Water Quality Challenges in the 21st Century written by Michael J. MacPhee and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a high-level view of key distribution system water quality issues that utilities will confront in the coming decades, and a new view of an integrated treatment process, this book covers such topics as microbial regrowth and recontamination, risks associated with release of trace metals from system scale, and impacts of secondary disinfection practices. This resource targets water utility managers, water quality professionals, policy makers, regulators, consultants, and educators.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals and Control of Nitrification in Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution Systems (M56) by : AWWA Staff
Download or read book Fundamentals and Control of Nitrification in Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution Systems (M56) written by AWWA Staff and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2011-01-12 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This brand new manual was written because of the increased use of chloramine as a residual disinfectant in drinking water distribution systems and the ubiquitous presence of nitrifying bacteria in the environment. Chapters cover background information on the occurrence and microbiology of nitrification in various water environments and provide current practical approaches to nitrification prevention and response. This manual provides a compendium of the current state-of-the-art knowledge, however with quickly developing new advances in nitrification, more writings will be forthcoming. Each chapter can be read independently.
Book Synopsis American Book Publishing Record by :
Download or read book American Book Publishing Record written by and published by . This book was released on 2000-07 with total page 1872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Management of DBP Formation Using Enhanced Treatment Technologies and an Array of Prediction Tools by : Sandhya Rao Poleneni
Download or read book Management of DBP Formation Using Enhanced Treatment Technologies and an Array of Prediction Tools written by Sandhya Rao Poleneni and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disinfection is a vital part of a drinking water treatment process and chlorine is the most widely used disinfectant in the world. Though known for its effectiveness, usage of chlorine does lead to the formation of carcinogens which are commonly called Disinfection By-Products (DBPs).With the introduction of the StageII Disinfectant and Disinfection By-Product (D/DBP) regulations, water utility systems must be increasingly cognizant of water quality as it progresses through the supply system and ultimately reaches customers. This study is performed in an effort to develop a simple, non-invasive and cost-effective technology that will effectively lower organic precursors by having water utilities reuse their treatment residuals. Jar tests are used to simulate drinking water treatment processes with coagulants - Aluminum Sulfate (Alum), PolyAluminum Chloride (PACl) and Ferric Chloride and their residuals. Ten Coagulant-to-Residual (C/R) ratios are tested with water from the Missouri River and alluvial ground waters. This treatment results in heavier floc formation and leads to improved sedimentation of organics and additional removal of Aluminum and Iron. An average of 21[percent], 28[percent] and 33[percent] additional TOC removal can be achieved with C/R ratios [less than] 1 with Alum, PACl and Ferric chloride respectively. This study will also focus on determining whether the addition of residual affects chlorine demand, chlorine residual, decay rates, and DBP formation. To simulate the DBP formation and chlorine decay kinetics in small-scale distribution systems, water treated with various coagulants and coagulant to residual ratios was tested in a jar-type simulated distribution system. The TTHM formation over time is at least 35[percent] higher on day 0, 39[percent] higher on day 1 and 47[percent] higher on day 3 in all systems when treated only with coagulants versus when treated with residuals at best C/R ratios irrespective of what coagulant used. It can also be seen that higher (at least 42[percent]) residual concentration can be maintained on day 3 in all water systems when treated with residuals at best C/R ratios versus when treated with only coagulants. Increase in turbidity doesn’t always result in increase in TOC when treated with coagulants and vice versa when treated with residuals at best C/R ratios. TOC, TTHM and chlorine residual follow the pattern of increasing and decreasing with each other and with type of treatment (C/R ratios and coagulants) while turbidity doesn’t irrespective of the coagulant used. Compliance also requires a better understanding of reaction kinetics changes and wall effects with different materials used in the distribution system.To validate our results in full scale distribution system physical conditions, effect of different materials, wall effects, bulk reactions and water movement is analyzed using Simulated Distribution System (SDS) tests, Material Specific Simulated Distribution System (MS-SDS) tests Pipe Loop and Pipe Section Reactor (PSR); all built using materials from City of Columbia distribution system.On an average, just the choice of pipe materials such as PVC and Iron can account for as much as 36 [percent] difference in TTHM formation and 60[percent] difference in chlorine residual decay over time irrespective of the prediction model and operational strategy used.In case of Iron, PE is [less than] 1, leading us to conclude that in the iron pipe systems there is a net loss of TTHM yield due to non-TTHM forming chlorine demand imposed by the pipe environment, whereas in PVC pipe, PE is [greater than] 1.
Book Synopsis Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water by : Yuefeng Xie
Download or read book Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water written by Yuefeng Xie and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-08-27 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The EPA has established regulations which classify four types of disinfection byproducts - TTHMs, haloacetic acids, bromate, and chlorite - and requires public water systems limit these byproducts to specific levels. Most of the information required to comply with these standards is either scattered throughout the literature or derived from confere
Book Synopsis Analysis and Formation of Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water by :
Download or read book Analysis and Formation of Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drinking water disinfection has markedly reduced diseases causes by waterborne pathogenic microorganisms. However, an unintended consequence of disinfection and/or oxidation processes is the generation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) which are formed from the reactions of disinfectants/oxidants with water matrix components. This volume of the Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry Handbook presents recent advances about the formation, identification, and quantification of inorganic and organic DBPs during oxidative processes. The book begins with a first chapter reviewing the most recent non-targeted screening approaches and workflows to characterize DBPs using low-, high-, and ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry. The second chapter discusses the analysis of inorganic chloramines in waters using on-site and/or in-lab analytical methods. The third chapter provides an overview of the current knowledge about the mechanisms of chlorine dioxide reactions and byproducts formation. The fourth chapter presents some fundamental and practical aspects about ozonation processes in water treatment and provides an overview about ozone reaction mechanisms and byproducts formation. The fifth chapter focuses on the reactivity of halide ions, particularly bromide and iodide, with common oxidants and the role they play in determining the speciation of DBPs in treated waters. The chapter also presents strategies to mitigate the formation of DBPs during oxidation processes. Finally, the last chapter tackles the topic of DBPs formation during potable water reuse. It discusses the formation of DBPs of major concern in both memebrane-based and non-membrane-based potable water reuse treatment schemes. Researchers, water treatment specialists, and regulators will find in this book a valuable and compact resource on several key topics regarding the formation, identification, quantification, and mitigation of DBPs. Identification and quantification of known and unknown DBPs Formation of DBPs during different disinfection/oxidation processes DBPs of concern in new technologies and/or new applications of existing technologies in water treatment
Book Synopsis Books In Print 2004-2005 by : Ed Bowker Staff
Download or read book Books In Print 2004-2005 written by Ed Bowker Staff and published by R. R. Bowker. This book was released on 2004 with total page 3274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fundamentals and Control of Nitrification in Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution Systems by : American Water Works Association
Download or read book Fundamentals and Control of Nitrification in Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution Systems written by American Water Works Association and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new manual provides a compendium of the current state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the increased use of chloramine as a residuals in drinking water distribution systems. Chapters cover background information on the occurrence and microbiology of nitrification in various water environments and provide current practical approaches to nitrification prevention and response.
Book Synopsis Drinking Water Distribution Systems by : National Research Council
Download or read book Drinking Water Distribution Systems written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-22 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protecting and maintaining water distributions systems is crucial to ensuring high quality drinking water. Distribution systems-consisting of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, reservoirs, meters, fittings, and other hydraulic appurtenances-carry drinking water from a centralized treatment plant or well supplies to consumers' taps. Spanning almost 1 million miles in the United States, distribution systems represent the vast majority of physical infrastructure for water supplies, and thus constitute the primary management challenge from both an operational and public health standpoint. Recent data on waterborne disease outbreaks suggest that distribution systems remain a source of contamination that has yet to be fully addressed. This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and recent data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating events in distribution systems. Particular attention is given to backflow events via cross connections, the potential for contamination of the distribution system during construction and repair activities, maintenance of storage facilities, and the role of premise plumbing in public health risk. The report also identifies advances in detection, monitoring and modeling, analytical methods, and research and development opportunities that will enable the water supply industry to further reduce risks associated with drinking water distribution systems.
Download or read book Book Review Index written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 1520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. 8-10 of the 1965-1984 master cumulation constitute a title index.
Book Synopsis Controlling Disinfection By-products and Microbial Contaminants in Drinking Water by : Robert M. Clark
Download or read book Controlling Disinfection By-products and Microbial Contaminants in Drinking Water written by Robert M. Clark and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
