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The Role Of Surface Oxidation In Enhancing The Hydrogasification Rate Of Coal Char
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Book Synopsis The Role of Surface Oxidation in Enhancing the Hydrogasification Rate of Coal Char by : Martin Edward Toomajian
Download or read book The Role of Surface Oxidation in Enhancing the Hydrogasification Rate of Coal Char written by Martin Edward Toomajian and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Enhanced Coal Hydrogasification Via Oxidative Pretreatment by :
Download or read book Enhanced Coal Hydrogasification Via Oxidative Pretreatment written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gasification of coal char by hydrogen is much slower than in steam or carbon dioxide; moreover, hydrogasification rate in pure hydrogen decreases sharply with conversion for most carbons. To overcome this kinetic behavior, the oxidation of the char prior to and during hydrogasification has been investigated as a means of enhancing hydro gasification rate. Kinetic rate studies under well-characterized conditions have been complemented by careful surface analyses to characterize oxygen on the char surface prior to and during hydrogasification.
Book Synopsis A Kinetic Study of the Role of Oxygen in Hydrogasification of Saran Char and Coal Char by : Michael Gerard Lussier
Download or read book A Kinetic Study of the Role of Oxygen in Hydrogasification of Saran Char and Coal Char written by Michael Gerard Lussier and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Enhanced Coal Hydrogasification Via Oxidative Pretreatment. Final Technical Report by :
Download or read book Enhanced Coal Hydrogasification Via Oxidative Pretreatment. Final Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gasification of coal char by hydrogen is much slower than in steam or carbon dioxide; moreover, hydrogasification rate in pure hydrogen decreases sharply with conversion for most carbons. To overcome this kinetic behavior, the oxidation of the char prior to and during hydrogasification has been investigated as a means of enhancing hydro gasification rate. Kinetic rate studies under well-characterized conditions have been complemented by careful surface analyses to characterize oxygen on the char surface prior to and during hydrogasification.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Early Stage Coal Oxidation and Effects of Drying and Supercritical CO2 Pretreatment on Chemical Structure of Coals by : Guang Shi
Download or read book Characterization of Early Stage Coal Oxidation and Effects of Drying and Supercritical CO2 Pretreatment on Chemical Structure of Coals written by Guang Shi and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To obtain representative temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) profiles of young oxidized chars up to 1650°C with minimal reactor wall interferences, the chemistry and physics of four ceramic materials has been critically reviewed. A two-staged experimental apparatus is then uniquely designed to produce chars in an Al 2 O 3 flow reactor with 1 to 21% O 2 followed by in-situ TPD with a SiC tube. Comparison of TPD profiles of oxidized chars with those from pyrolyzed chars and ashes suggests early stage char oxidation is profoundly influenced by oxygen from three sources: organics oxygen, mineral matters and gas phase O 2 . Young chars oxidized at 1000°C with less than 0.3 s residence time shows CO desorption peaks during TPD at three distinct temperatures: 730, 1280, and 1560°C. The peaks at 730°C are mainly caused by incomplete devolatilization. The peaks at 1280°C represent mainly desorption of stable surface oxides and incomplete devolatilization. Increasing the gas phase oxidants notably increases the amount of stable surface oxides. The broad peaks between 1400 and 1650°C are attributed to the reactions of oxidants decomposed from minerals and carbon in the char or SiC tube. Gas-phase oxygen shifts these reactions to lower temperatures. Detailed oxygen balance based on the CO and CO 2 yields and elemental compositions of both pyrolysis and oxidized chars reveals that oxygen uptakes are very high, +0.056 mg O per mg of carbon, in chars derived from bituminous coal, while lignite chars show negative oxygen uptake, -0.020 mg O per mg of carbon, in char. Indeed, lignite char seems to possess little amount of stable surface oxides other than those contributed by the minerals. The extensive emissions of CO from lignite chars during TPD seem to suggest that either O 2 or minerals promotes the oxygen transfer on char surface and subsequent carbon oxidation. The studies on the ignition, devolatilization and combustion kinetics of chars in oxy-coal combustion reflect the fundamental importance of oxidant-activated mechanisms in the early stage of char oxidation. Independently, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) has revealed sensitive characteristics of chars oxidized by 1-21% O 2 . It demonstrated the existence of stable surface oxides that desorb between 1100-1650°C. Interactions between CO 2 and coal have been gaining interests due to its application in geologic sequestration of CO 2 and methane recovery in coalmines. Recently, we reported the changes in combustion behaviors, including NO emissions and carbon burnout, and physical structures of coals after treatment. The objective of the third part of my work is to investigate the changes in chemical structure of coals after supercritical CO 2 treatment. We found that drying and pretreatment can alter the CO and CO 2 emissions during coal pyrolysis. FTIR analysis shows that oxygen functional groups were found to be significantly changed after drying and/or pretreatment by supercritical CO 2 for both bituminous coal and lignite. These phenomena may significantly affect the conversion of coal gasification and liquefaction.
Book Synopsis Carbon and Coal Gasification by : J.L. Figueiredo
Download or read book Carbon and Coal Gasification written by J.L. Figueiredo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1986-02-28 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon gasification reactions form the basis of many important industrial processes, such as the combustion of coal and the produc tion of synthesis gas, fuel gases and activated carbons. They are also involved in metallurgical processes and in the regeneration of coked catalysts. Thus, understanding the fundamentals of carbon gasification is of vital importance for further technological development. Moreover, the subject is of interdisciplinary nature, involving chemistry, ma terials science and chemical engineering. Therefore, it was thought that an Advanced Study Institute would be fruitful in establishing the state of the art, in bringing together experts from the various sectors involved and in identifying areas of required research and industrial development. Such a meeting was held at Alvor, Portugal, from the 20th to the 31st May 1985, and the lectures presented the reof are collected in this volume. The present volume is organized in seven chapters. The Intro duction presents the carbon gasification reactions an~ their rele vance for particular processes and industrial uses. In the second chapter, the structures of carbon and coal are reviewed, together with methods of structural, chemical and textural characterization.
Book Synopsis The Role of Oxidation on Selected Surface Properties of Coal by : Thomas Robert Larson
Download or read book The Role of Oxidation on Selected Surface Properties of Coal written by Thomas Robert Larson and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization of Early Stage Coal Oxidation and Effects of Gas Residence Time on NO(x) Reduction in Oxy-coal Combustion by : Shaolong Wan
Download or read book Characterization of Early Stage Coal Oxidation and Effects of Gas Residence Time on NO(x) Reduction in Oxy-coal Combustion written by Shaolong Wan and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This first part of this work reports our first study on the deactivation of young chars in flame conditions. The quantity and strength of surface oxides on young chars are monitored in situ by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) up to 1700 °C. Search of the oxygen source for the huge amount of CO production at 1700 °C reveals that commonly adopted alumina tubes and support materials decompose to Al 2 O(g) and emit a notable amount of O 2 at temperatures above 1300 °C. Thus, different reactor materials are examined Alumina appears suitable for the oxidation part of the experiments while SiC appears acceptable for TPD. Oxygen from the gas phase, organic portions of the coal and minerals in the coal has been found to have profound influence on the formation and desorption of stable surface oxides in the early stages of coal combustion. In an attempt to isolate the effects of minerals, demineralized coals (DMC) are oxidized in O 2 with a contact time less than 1 second. Young chars derived from both demineralized lignite and bituminous coals show low and flat TPD profiles over a wide temperature range, signifying the minerals' catalytic activities in forming stable surface oxides for both coals. In the third part of this work, the dispersion of CO and CO 2 from temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of char before they reach the mass spectrometer (MS) is sequentially examined by a set of methods. The Taylor-Aris criterion assures that an axially dispersed, plug-flow model is sufficient to determine the dispersion effects. A novel tracer experiments are performed to determine the residence time distribution (RTD) of the product. Finally, fast Fourier transform (FFT) is also conducted to reconstruct the actual product evolution. This analysis suggests that the dispersion does not severely distort the measured desorption and oxidation rate constants reported previously. A gravity-driven particle feeder has been modified to achieve sustained operation at steady rates. A solenoid with high power output and a secondary reservoir are used. The secondary reservoir can be refilled during the operation without disturbing the feed rate. Test results showed both good long-term and short-term stability. We evaluate the potential benefits of long residence time of gas in a recycle system on NO reduction in oxy-coal combustion. In both single-pass and recycle tests, residence time within a range of 0.36 to 2.0 seconds shows only minimal benefits on NO reduction. The reverse Zeldovich mechanism appears not a governing factor up to 1700 °C, which is close to the peak temperature in practical boilers. The equilibrium concentrations of NO are much lower than those experimentally observed. Thus, NO reduction in oxy-coal combustion is kinetically controlled, not thermodynamically controlled.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Coal Conversion Technology by : Subhash Dutta
Download or read book Coal Conversion Technology written by Subhash Dutta and published by Addison Wesley Publishing Company. This book was released on 1979 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Determination of Surface Oxidation of Bituminous Coal by : J. Radspinner
Download or read book Determination of Surface Oxidation of Bituminous Coal written by J. Radspinner and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods for the Determination of Surface Oxidation of Coal by : John Asa Radspinner
Download or read book Methods for the Determination of Surface Oxidation of Coal written by John Asa Radspinner and published by . This book was released on 1942 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Determination of Surface Oxidation of Bituminous Coal by : John A. Radspinner
Download or read book Determination of Surface Oxidation of Bituminous Coal written by John A. Radspinner and published by . This book was released on 1943 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Surface Oxidation on the Properties and Agglomeration Characteristics of Coal by : James Michael Druding
Download or read book Effect of Surface Oxidation on the Properties and Agglomeration Characteristics of Coal written by James Michael Druding and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Masters Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Masters Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1040 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alternative Fuels written by Sunggyu Lee and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-01-13 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmentally acceptable alternative fuels are in demand. This book dicusses the energy resources that are directly tied to the alleviation of petroleum dependence, and the science and technology in the area of alternative fuels. Various process treatments leading to cleaner and better use of existing fuel resources are discussed. This comprehensive reference book is consistent and is helpful for students and researchers.
