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The Role Of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids In Metabolic Phenotypes And Genetic Associations With Cardiovascular Health
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Book Synopsis Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism by : Graham C. Burdge
Download or read book Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism written by Graham C. Burdge and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism explores a number of major roles of PUFA in the body, including its role as a component of cell membranes and how it provides substrates for the synthesis of lipid second messengers. Recent studies are unraveling the effect of interactions between diet and endocrine factors and genetic and epigenetic variation on the regulation of PUFA biosynthesis in animals. Together, these recent findings provide novel insights into the impact of differences in PUFA supply on health. This book captures these findings in a manner that marks the state-of-the-art, placing them in the wider context of PUFA metabolism and nutritional science. Users will find a comprehensive discussion on the topic that presents the contributions of leading researchers who combine their knowledge to create a cohesive academic resource for researchers, those involved in production, and health policymakers. - Provides a comprehensive view of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism - Describes underlying metabolism on lipids that include polyunsaturated fatty acids - Includes discussions on recent findings on the genetic and epigenetic regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism
Book Synopsis Fat Detection by : Jean-Pierre Montmayeur
Download or read book Fat Detection written by Jean-Pierre Montmayeur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the State-of-the-Art in Fat Taste TransductionA bite of cheese, a few potato chips, a delectable piece of bacon - a small taste of high-fat foods often draws you back for more. But why are fatty foods so appealing? Why do we crave them? Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects covers the many factors responsible for the se
Book Synopsis The Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Metabolic Phenotypes and Genetic Associations with Cardiovascular Health by : Carmen Arrington
Download or read book The Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Metabolic Phenotypes and Genetic Associations with Cardiovascular Health written by Carmen Arrington and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heart disease continues to be the leading cause of death in the United States, killing about 695,000 people in 2021, ahead of cancer and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)1. In the United States, the average annual direct and indirect cost of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was an estimated $378.0 billion in 2017-2018; the estimated direct costs have more than doubled in the last two decades2. Fatty acids (FAs), which can be obtained exogenously through the diet or produced endogenously through de novo lipogenesis (DNL), play a critical role in heart health by helping maintain lipid balance and regulate inflammatory processes. FAs can be oxygenated to produce oxylipins which are bioactive, act as lipid mediators, and are thought to be a potential explanation for the diverse effects of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs)3, 4. FA and oxylipin synthesis are highly regulated processes in which genes exert substantial influence. Genetic variation contributes to the activity and efficiency of enzymes responsible for FA and oxylipin metabolism as well as the functionality of receptors specific to FAs and oxylipins. The field of precision nutrition has developed to understand how one's diet and their genes interact to affect the way the body responds to food. This dissertation aims to address how a person's genes affect the way the body responds to food, specifically fats and FAs, to provide individualized nutrition guidance in CVD prevention and treatment. In Study 1, we explore the pivotal role of free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4 (human); Ffar4 (mouse)) in the context of myocardial infarction (MI), focusing particularly on its impact on the early oxylipin response to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Previous research has established the relevance of Ffar4 in metabolic and inflammatory pathways and found cardiac function improves 7 days after ischemic insult, prompting an in-depth analysis of the complex milieu of cardiac ischemia. To unravel the intricate connections, a murine model was employed, subjecting mice to cardiac ischemia followed by only 3 days of reperfusion while scrutinizing the influence of Ffar4 on oxylipin dynamics. The study was designed to meticulously assess the response to I/R injury, unraveling gene- and sex-specific variations in the oxylipin response. Additionally, to bridge the translational gap, the analysis extended to the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort. This human component aimed to elucidate the association of FFAR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with MI and ischemic CVDs. The murine experimentation uncovered a Ffar4-dependent response, particularly concerning LA-derived oxylipins, to I/R injury. While animals with systemic deletion of Ffar4 had higher LA alcohols and epoxides than wildtype prior to injury, I/R injury ablated the differences in oxylipin profile. Sex-specific differences also emerged from the analysis, shedding light on distinct molecular mechanisms operating in male and female mice. However, the human analysis found FFAR4-dependent higher risk for stroke in women; no other FFAR4-dependent differences in disease incidence were found which may suggest genetic variation is not the cause of downstream differences due implicating FFAR4. In essence, this research underscores the intricate involvement of FFAR4 in the oxylipin responses to cardiac ischemia. The study provides valuable insights into potential sex-specific mechanisms of oxylipin response while acknowledging the inherent disparities between murine and human response to cardiovascular (CV) challenges. These complexities emphasize the multifaceted role of the FFAR4 in CVD. In Study 2, we investigate substrate competition between saturated FAs (SFAs) and PUFAs as ligands for FFAR4 and the downstream impact on metabolic outcomes, specifically related to metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), MI, and death. The study utilizes data from the UKB cohort including various demographic and health-related variables as well as FA measurements. The statistical methods involve linear regression models and Cox-proportional hazard models to explore the relationships between SFAs and PUFAs, as well as their interaction on MetSyn risk factors, MI, and death. The study reveals that the association of PUFAs with lower triglycerides (TG), higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), lower waist circumference (WC), and lower blood pressure (BP) depends on the levels of SFAs. Unexpectedly, when stratified by PUFA level higher SFAs are associated with metabolically beneficial outcomes, contrary to common perceptions. The study also uncovers differences by racial/ethnic group membership, showing distinct responses to SFAs and PUFAs among White, Black, and Asian participants. The findings challenge the simplistic view that reducing SFAs and increasing PUFAs uniformly benefit metabolic health. Instead, the findings suggest that individual differences in participant characteristics, including in racial/ethnic group membership, play a crucial role in how SFAs and PUFAs influence metabolic outcomes. A more nuanced approach to dietary recommendations that considers the intricate interplay between specific FAs and their impact on diverse populations may allow researchers to better address the risks for CVD. In Study 3, we focus on the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes, which play a regulatory role in PUFA metabolism. The FADS genes (FADS1 and FADS2) have two major haplotypes (haplotype D and haplotype A) which vary in prevalence across populations. Functional analyses indicate that haplotype D is more efficient in synthesis of longer chain PUFA in both the omega-3 ([omega]3) and omega-6 ([omega]6) pathways. The study specifically examines variant rs174547 in FADS1 as a proxy for the FADS genes. This variant has been associated with CV health outcomes leading to the hypothesis that 1) the association between FADS and lipid outcomes depends on FAs (moderation) and 2) the effect of FADS on outcomes occurs through FAs (mediation). The analysis uses the UKB dataset to explore the interplay between FADS and FAs on lipid outcomes including total cholesterol (TC), HDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and TGs. The research employs a statistical framework to quantify the extent to which FAs mediate or moderate the relationship between FADS and lipid biomarkers. Results reveal evidence of moderation and/or mediation (or suppression) effects. For instance, out of the 28 tests of moderation, 19 models have evidence that a FA modifies the effect of FADS on lipid outcomes. Additionally, there are 12 models with evidence of mediation; for example, DHA acts as a mediator for the association between FADS and HDL-c, indicating that the influence of FADS on HDL-c is explained by the level of DHA, and non-LA [omega]6-PUFA suppresses the association between FADS and LDL-c. The study provides valuable insights into the complex interactions between FADS, FAs, and CV health. By analyzing FADS as a case study, the research demonstrates an analytical framework that can be applied to understand similar relationships in other genetic contexts. The findings underscore the need to consider individual variations in FA metabolism to optimize dietary recommendations for CV health. Collectively, this research sheds light on the multifaceted interplay between PUFAs, genetic factors, and CV health. The conditional associations based on FA profiles emphasize the potential for dietary modifications to address health disparities rooted in individual genotypes, as well as social and environmental factors. These findings challenge broad dietary recommendations and advocate for a more personalized approach to disease prevention and treatment strategies. The implications extend beyond CV health, prompting a reevaluation of how individualized nutrition guidance can be integrated into broader public health initiatives.
Book Synopsis Diet and Health by : National Research Council
Download or read book Diet and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.
Book Synopsis Free Fatty Acid Receptors by : Graeme Milligan
Download or read book Free Fatty Acid Receptors written by Graeme Milligan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-08 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the important role free fatty acids (FFA) play as potential drug targets. While FFA have long been considered byproducts of cell metabolism, they are now recognized as ligands that regulate cell and tissue function via G-protein-coupled receptors. At least three receptors have been identified for which FFA appear to be the endogenous ligands.
Book Synopsis Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease by :
Download or read book Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Metabolism at a Glance by : J. G. Salway
Download or read book Metabolism at a Glance written by J. G. Salway and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-02-06 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metabolism at a Glance presents a concise, illustrated summary of metabolism in health and disease. This essential text is progressively appropriate for introductory through to advanced medical and biochemistry courses. It also provides a succinct review of inborn errors of metabolism, and reference for postgraduate medical practitioners and biomedical scientists who need a resource to quickly refresh their knowledge. Fully updated and extensively illustrated, this new edition of Metabolism at a Glance is now in full colour throughout, and includes new coverage of sports biochemistry; the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and cholesterol; glyceroneogenesis, α-oxidation and ω-oxidation of fatty acids. It also features the overlooked “Krebs Uric Acid Cycle”. Metabolism at a Glance offers an accessible introduction to metabolism, and is ideal as a revision aid for students preparing for undergraduate and USMLE Step 1 exams.
Book Synopsis Clinical Lipidology by : Christie M. Ballantyne
Download or read book Clinical Lipidology written by Christie M. Ballantyne and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical Lipidology, a companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease, is designed to guide you through the ever-changing therapeutic management of patients with high cholesterol levels. From basic science to pathogenesis of atherothrombotic disease, to risk assessment and the latest therapy options, this medical reference book offers unparalleled coverage and expert guidance on lipidology in a straightforward, accessible, and user-friendly style. Get authoritative guidance from some of the foremost experts in the field. Easily access key content with help from treatment algorithms. Access options and evidence-based solutions for every type of patient scenario, as well as the latest clinical guidelines and clinically relevant evidence on risk assessment, special patient populations, and therapy, including recently approved and experimental therapies. Remain at the forefront of the cardiology field with up-to-date chapters on treatment guidelines; diet, exercise, and weight loss; pharmacologic therapies such as statins, omega-3 fatty acids, and combination therapy; evolving targets of therapy such as PCSK9 inhibition, CETP inhibition, and inflammation Prepare for special patient populations such as children and adolescents; women and the elderly; transplant recipients; HIV patients; and those with chronic renal disease, familial hypercholesterolemia, other severe hypercholesterolemias, diabetes, or other metabolic syndromes. Take advantage of a format that follows that of the well-known and internationally recognized Braunwald's Heart Disease. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase.
Book Synopsis Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease by : Ralph N. Martins
Download or read book Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease written by Ralph N. Martins and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-07-10 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the impact of diet, exercise, genetics, and hormones on the risk and development of Alzheimer’s and other neurogenerative diseases Diet is widely known to impact on neurological function. Nevertheless, academic texts discussing this relationship are relatively few in number. This book therefore fills an important gap in the current literature. Opening with an overview of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease, the text then focuses on explaining the means by which glycemic control and lipid metabolism – and associated nutritional and lifestyle variables – may factor into such disorders’ prevention and treatment. An international group of experts in the fields of food science and neurodegeneration have contributed chapters that examine Alzheimer’s disease within a broad range of contexts. Offering dietary, genetic, and hormonal perspectives, the authors explore topics ranging from sugar consumption to digestive fermentation, and Alzheimer’s disease animal models to the cognition-enhancing effects of physical exercise. Also included are overviews of the latest research into current and developing methods of treatment and diagnosis, as well as differential diagnostics. This groundbreaking book: Explores how glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, and high intake of refined carbohydrates are linked to Alzheimer's disease Discusses how genetic makeup can impact risk of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease Examines cognitive changes in neurodegeneration, lists current tests for determining cognitive impairment, and provides information concerning differential diagnosis Discusses potential advantages of increasing antioxidant and micronutrient intake Reviews hormonal influences on neurodegeneration Examines the links between protein intake and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease is an essential resource for researchers, medical practitioners, dietitians, and students with an interest in neurological diseases and their diagnosis and risk factors, as well as diet-related conditions such as diabetes and obesity. Lifestyle and diet influence neurodegeneration risk, and a better understanding of this evidence amongst health professionals will hopefully lead to greater public awareness of how to reduce the likelihood of these widespread conditions.
Book Synopsis Nutritional and Metabolic Bases of Cardiovascular Disease by : Mario Mancini
Download or read book Nutritional and Metabolic Bases of Cardiovascular Disease written by Mario Mancini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-11 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extraordinary advances in the understanding of the links between nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular disease have prompted a systematic reappraisal of knowledge in the field. As a result, it is now imperative that clinicians who care for patients with CVD or its key risk factors have a solid understanding of the often complex interrelationships between cardiovascular health and chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Written by a team of international thought leaders in cardiology, endocrinology, diabetology and nutritional science, this important new book: Examines and updates the role of obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, thrombosis, and aging in atherogenesis Describes in detail the scientific and clinical evidence of the etiopathogenesis of ischemic heart disease as well as of peripheral and cerebrovascular disease Focuses on the 6 topics that will be of greatest interest to readers: 1) general nutrition, 2) metabolic syndrome and diabetes, 3) hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis, 4) hypertension and cerebrovascular disease, 5) hemostasis and thrombosis, 6) aging Throughout the book, in clear and accessible text, contributors illuminate the close relationship between dietary habits, the metabolic processes of nutrients, and their impact on the cardiovascular system, always with an eye on how the physician can use this information to implement better cardiovascular prevention and improve patient care. Nutritional and Metabolic Bases of Cardiovascular Disease is ideal for those who need to update their knowledge of the links between nutrition, metabolism and CVD, from trainees, clinicians and clinical investigators in cardiovascular medicine to endocrinologists, diabetologists, and nutritionists.
Book Synopsis Genetics Meets Metabolomics by : Karsten Suhre
Download or read book Genetics Meets Metabolomics written by Karsten Suhre and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-15 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is written by leading researchers in the fields about the intersection of genetics and metabolomics which can lead to more comprehensive studies of inborn variation of metabolism.
Book Synopsis Cardiac Metabolism in Health and Disease by : Salah Abdel-aleem
Download or read book Cardiac Metabolism in Health and Disease written by Salah Abdel-aleem and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This special issue of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry contains original research papers as well as invited reviews focused in the field of cardiac metabolism and its regulation under normal and disease conditions. These papers cover many areas under intensive and rapid development such as the regulation of fatty acid oxidation in the heart, the role of cardiac glycogen during ischemia, the role of CPT I isoenzymes, the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy, cardiac protection through regulation of energy production, the role of fatty acid binding protein under normal and pathological conditions, and several other important topics in this area of research. We hope that this special issue of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry provides an up-to-date source of information for scientists and clinicians interested in the mechanism by which cardiac metabolism is regulated in health and disease and the mechanistic relationship between disturbances in cardiac metabolism and the genesis of cardiovascular diseases.
Book Synopsis Dhasco and Arasco Oils as Sources of Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Infant Formula by :
Download or read book Dhasco and Arasco Oils as Sources of Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Infant Formula written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nutrition and Gene Expression by : Carolyn D. Berdanier
Download or read book Nutrition and Gene Expression written by Carolyn D. Berdanier and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 958 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrition and Gene Expression is devoted to exploring the tissue-specific and developmental aspects of the interaction between nutrients and the genome. The book discusses chemical sensitivity in relation to the ability of cells to detect nutrients; reviews the means by which lower organisms respond to nutrients; and provides examples on how each of the classes of nutrients affects genetic transcription, mRNA translation or stability. The receptor-mediated actions of vitamin D and retinoic acid on gene expression are discussed, including the case of bone formation and dissolution. Other important topics covered in the volume include newly discovered effects of fatty acids on regulating gene expression, the effects of diet on mRNA editing, the interplay between dietary carbohydrates and proteins in regulating metabolism of liver cells, the effects of metal ions on protein synthesis, and much more. Nutrition and Gene Expression is an important reference for nutritionists, physiologists, biochemists, clinical nutritionists, pharmaceutical researchers, geneticists, and food scientists.
Author :Artemis P. Simopoulos Publisher :Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers ISBN 13 :3805563477 Total Pages :188 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (55 download)
Book Synopsis Genetic Variation and Dietary Response by : Artemis P. Simopoulos
Download or read book Genetic Variation and Dietary Response written by Artemis P. Simopoulos and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely volume focuses on genetics and nutrition, and their interaction in the development of chronic diseases. Knowledge of genetic susceptibility to disease will not only help to identify those at higher risk for disease but also to ascertain their response to diet. The prospect of targeting specific dietary treatment at those predicted to gain the most therapeutic benefit clearly has important clinical and economic consequences, particularly in diseases of high prevalence. This book is unique in considering genetic variation in susceptibility to disease, and the importance of specific diets in influencing lipid levels in cardiovascular disease and bone density in osteoporosis. The contributions emphasize that dietary response is dependent on the genetic variant and that specific dietary recommendations rather than universal ones are needed for the prevention and management of chronic diseases. Bringing together vital information for the first time, this book is important reading for physicians, nutritionists, dietitians, geneticists, physiologists, molecular biologists, food technologists and policymakers.
Book Synopsis Heart Diseases: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition by :
Download or read book Heart Diseases: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heart Diseases: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Heart Diseases. The editors have built Heart Diseases: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Heart Diseases in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Heart Diseases: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Book Synopsis Micronutrients and Fatty Acids in Precision Nutrition Strategies by : Manja Zec
Download or read book Micronutrients and Fatty Acids in Precision Nutrition Strategies written by Manja Zec and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-28 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
