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Author : Brian Towers
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780198293194
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (931 download)
Download or read book The Representation Gap written by Brian Towers and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1997 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the period from the 1970s to 1994.
Author : Jaemin Shim
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 0472904582
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (729 download)
Download or read book Mass–Elite Representation Gap in Old and New Democracies written by Jaemin Shim and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2024-08-06 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can we explain policy preference mismatch between voters and their representatives?
Author : Sheri Berman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199373213
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)
Download or read book Democracy and Dictatorship in Europe written by Sheri Berman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-04 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the end of the twentieth century, many believed the story of European political development had come to an end. Modern democracy began in Europe, but for hundreds of years it competed with various forms of dictatorship. Now, though, the entire continent was in the democratic camp for the first time in history. But within a decade, this story had already begun to unravel. Some of the continent's newer democracies slid back towards dictatorship, while citizens in many of its older democracies began questioning democracy's functioning and even its legitimacy. And of course it is not merely in Europe where democracy is under siege. Across the globe the immense optimism accompanying the post-Cold War democratic wave has been replaced by pessimism. Many new democracies in Latin America, Africa, and Asia began "backsliding," while the Arab Spring quickly turned into the Arab winter. The victory of Donald Trump led many to wonder if it represented a threat to the future of liberal democracy in the United States. Indeed, it is increasingly common today for leaders, intellectuals, commentators and others to claim that rather than democracy, some form dictatorship or illiberal democracy is the wave of the future. In Democracy and Dictatorship in Europe, Sheri Berman traces the long history of democracy in its cradle, Europe. She explains that in fact, just about every democratic wave in Europe initially failed, either collapsing in upon itself or succumbing to the forces of reaction. Yet even when democratic waves failed, there were always some achievements that lasted. Even the most virulently reactionary regimes could not suppress every element of democratic progress. Panoramic in scope, Berman takes readers through two centuries of turmoil: revolution, fascism, civil war, and - -finally -- the emergence of liberal democratic Europe in the postwar era. A magisterial retelling of modern European political history, Democracy and Dictatorship in Europe not explains how democracy actually develops, but how we should interpret the current wave of illiberalism sweeping Europe and the rest of the world.
Author : Juliet Pietsch
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
ISBN 13 : 1487504152
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (875 download)
Download or read book Race, Ethnicity, and the Participation Gap written by Juliet Pietsch and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2018-11-21 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Race, Ethnicity, and the Participation Gap begins with the argument that political institutions in settler and culturally diverse societies such as Australia, the United States, and Canada should mirror their culturally diverse populations. Compared to the United States and Canada, however, Australia has very low rates of immigrant and ethnic minority political representation in the Commonwealth Parliament, particularly in the House of Representatives. The overall existence of racial hierarchies within formal political institutions represents an inconsistency with the democratic ideals of representation and accountability in pluralist societies. Drawing on findings from the United States, Canada, and Australia, Juliet Pietsch reveals that the lack of political representation in Australia is significant when compared to the United States and Canada, revealing a serious democratic deficit. Her book is devoted to exploring this central puzzle: why is it that, despite having a similar history to other settler countries, Australia shows such comparatively low rates of political participation among its immigrant and ethnic minority populations from non-British and European backgrounds? In addressing this crucial question, Race, Ethnicity, and the Participation Gap examines the impact of Australia's alternative path on the political representation of immigrants and ethnic minorities.
Author : Robert Rohrschneider
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0198825080
Total Pages : 731 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Political Representation in Liberal Democracies written by Robert Rohrschneider and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 731 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "How can democracies effectively represent citizens? The goal of this Handbook is to evaluate comprehensively how well the interests and preferences of mass publics become represented by institutions in liberal democracies. It first explores how the idea and institutions of liberal democracies were formed over centuries and became enshrined in Western political systems. The contributors to this Handbook, made up of the world's leading scholars on the various aspects of political representation, examine how well the political elites and parties who are charged with the representation of the public interest meet their duties. Clearly, institutions often fail to live up to their own representation goals. With this in mind, the contributors explore several challenges to the way that the system of representation is organized in modern democracies. For example, actors such as parties and established elites face rising distrust among electorates. Also, the rise of international problems such as migration and environmentalism suggests that the focus of democracies on nation states may have to shift to a more international level. All told, this Handbook illuminates the normative and functional challenges faced by representative institutions in liberal democracies"--
Author : Davin L. Phoenix
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316999661
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (169 download)
Download or read book The Anger Gap written by Davin L. Phoenix and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-26 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anger is a powerful mobilizing force in American politics on both sides of the political aisle, but does it motivate all groups equally? This book offers a new conceptualization of anger as a political resource that mobilizes black and white Americans differentially to exacerbate political inequality. Drawing on survey data from the last forty years, experiments, and rhetoric analysis, Phoenix finds that - from Reagan to Trump - black Americans register significantly less anger than their white counterparts and that anger (in contrast to pride) has a weaker mobilizing effect on their political participation. The book examines both the causes of this and the consequences. Pointing to black Americans' tempered expectations of politics and the stigmas associated with black anger, it shows how race and lived experience moderate the emergence of emotions and their impact on behavior. The book makes multiple theoretical contributions and offers important practical insights for political strategy.
Author : Pablo Beramendi
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610440447
Total Pages : 447 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Democracy, Inequality, and Representation in Comparative Perspective written by Pablo Beramendi and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2008-09-04 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gap between the richest and poorest Americans has grown steadily over the last thirty years, and economic inequality is on the rise in many other industrialized democracies as well. But the magnitude and pace of the increase differs dramatically across nations. A country's political system and its institutions play a critical role in determining levels of inequality in a society. Democracy, Inequality, and Representation argues that the reverse is also true—inequality itself shapes political systems and institutions in powerful and often overlooked ways. In Democracy, Inequality, and Representation, distinguished political scientists and economists use a set of international databases to examine the political causes and consequences of income inequality. The volume opens with an examination of how differing systems of political representation contribute to cross-national variations in levels of inequality. Torben Iverson and David Soskice calculate that taxes and income transfers help reduce the poverty rate in Sweden by over 80 percent, while the comparable figure for the United States is only 13 percent. Noting that traditional economic models fail to account for this striking discrepancy, the authors show how variations in electoral systems lead to very different outcomes. But political causes of disparity are only one part of the equation. The contributors also examine how inequality shapes the democratic process. Pablo Beramendi and Christopher Anderson show how disparity mutes political voices: at the individual level, citizens with the lowest incomes are the least likely to vote, while high levels of inequality in a society result in diminished electoral participation overall. Thomas Cusack, Iverson, and Philipp Rehm demonstrate that uncertainty in the economy changes voters' attitudes; the mere risk of losing one's job generates increased popular demand for income support policies almost as much as actual unemployment does. Ronald Rogowski and Duncan McRae illustrate how changes in levels of inequality can drive reforms in political institutions themselves. Increased demand for female labor participation during World War II led to greater equality between men and women, which in turn encouraged many European countries to extend voting rights to women for the first time. The contributors to this important new volume skillfully disentangle a series of complex relationships between economics and politics to show how inequality both shapes and is shaped by policy. Democracy, Inequality, and Representation provides deeply nuanced insight into why some democracies are able to curtail inequality—while others continue to witness a division that grows ever deeper.
Author : Leo Troy
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131550135X
Total Pages : 205 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (155 download)
Download or read book Beyond Unions and Collective Bargaining written by Leo Troy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-01 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to provide a comprehensive examination of nonunion industrial relations -- its definition and parameters, and the causes and factors that led to the nonunion reality. Beyond Unions and Collective Bargaining focuses on labor relations in the private -- sector labor market, which accounted for about 90% of the sector at the end of 1999. Troy discusses with clarity and authority the transformation in the United States from the organized to the private labor market. Within a two-part format, Troy first deals with the manifold historical conditions that set the stage for the competitive nonunion alternative and then addresses the all-important question, "What makes the nonunion system work?"
Author : Merike Blofield
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271050098
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)
Download or read book The Great Gap written by Merike Blofield and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A collection of essays addressing the relationship between inequality and politics in Latin America. Examines the socioeconomic context and inequality of opportunities; elite culture, public opinion, and media framing; capital mobility, campaign financing, representation and gender equality policies; and taxation and social policies"--Provided by publisher.
Author : Russell J. Dalton
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191053325
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Participation Gap written by Russell J. Dalton and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dilemma of democracy arises from two contrasting trends. More people in the established democracies are participating in civil society activity, contacting government officials, protesting, and using online activism and other creative forms of participation. At the same time, the importance of social status as an influence on political activity is increasing. The democratic principle of the equality of voice is eroding. The politically rich are getting richer-and the politically needy have less voice. This book assembles an unprecedented set of international public opinion surveys to identify the individual, institutional, and political factors that produce these trends. New forms of activity place greater demands on participants, raising the importance of social status skills and resources. Civil society activity further widens the participation gap. New norms of citizenship shift how people participate. And generational change and new online forms of activism accentuate this process. Effective and representative government requires a participatory citizenry and equal voice, and participation trends are undermining these outcomes. The Participation Gap both documents the growing participation gap in contemporary democracies and suggests ways that we can better achieve their theoretical ideal of a participatory citizenry and equal voice.
Author : Marc Bühlmann
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317353153
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)
Download or read book Political Representation written by Marc Bühlmann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an ideal democracy, representatives would entirely reflect citizens’ views, preferences and wishes in their legislative work. However, real-life democracies do not meet this ideal and citizens’ policy preferences and priorities are mirrored only inadequately. This book provides new insights on political representation. It is guided by three questions: what roles should representatives play? Who is actually or should be represented? How are the representatives (or how should they be) connected with the represented? Containing contributions from the perspectives of political theory and philosophy, as well as quantitative empirical studies, the volume demonstrates the need to adapt these established questions to new political realities. This text will be of key interest to scholars and students of political representation and parties, political theory, democratic theory, political philosophy and comparative politics.
Author : Michael J. Pomante II
Publisher : University Press of Kansas
ISBN 13 : 0700635920
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (6 download)
Download or read book The Cost of Voting in the American States written by Michael J. Pomante II and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2023-12-22 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the wake of Shelby County v. Holder and the January 6 Capitol insurrection, changes to election laws, policies, and especially access to voting have become a key political battleground. A central point of contention is whether new restrictive voting laws intentionally discriminate against Black and Hispanic subpopulations in the United States. Conversely, do policies that expand voting access favor Democrats and increase the possibility of election fraud? In The Cost of Voting in the American States, Michael J. Pomante II, Scot Schraufnagel, and Quan Li test these questions. The authors look specifically for systematic outcomes produced by distinctive election policies in the American states. First, they establish a competent measure of voting restrictions to begin this unraveling. The authors create a Cost of Voting Index (COVI) for the fifty states, which uses a statistical procedure to extract an underlying dimension and to determine significance from state laws based on how restrictive the polices are. The authors call the underlying dimension extracted the “cost of voting.” With this measure in place, they evaluate which states have a higher cost of voting, how this cost impacts who votes, and whether there is a correlation between the cost of voting and minority populations. Using Racial Threat Theory arguments, the authors demonstrate that states with larger or growing Black and Hispanic populations have more restricted voting, and that these restrictive voting laws disproportionately demobilize these populations in predictable ways. States with a higher cost of voting also show lower minority electoral success as well as a larger gap in Black and female representation, and the authors reveal that decreasing the cost of voting does not lead to fraud or favor one party over another. The Cost of Voting in the American States makes a case for a new preclearance formula, and the COVI provides a viable approach for future election law.
Author : Robert P W Duin
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814479144
Total Pages : 634 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)
Download or read book Dissimilarity Representation For Pattern Recognition, The: Foundations And Applications written by Robert P W Duin and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005-11-22 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a fundamentally new approach to pattern recognition in which objects are characterized by relations to other objects instead of by using features or models. This 'dissimilarity representation' bridges the gap between the traditionally opposing approaches of statistical and structural pattern recognition.Physical phenomena, objects and events in the world are related in various and often complex ways. Such relations are usually modeled in the form of graphs or diagrams. While this is useful for communication between experts, such representation is difficult to combine and integrate by machine learning procedures. However, if the relations are captured by sets of dissimilarities, general data analysis procedures may be applied for analysis.With their detailed description of an unprecedented approach absent from traditional textbooks, the authors have crafted an essential book for every researcher and systems designer studying or developing pattern recognition systems.
Author : Solomon W. Polachek
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1801176760
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Workplace Productivity and Management Practices written by Solomon W. Polachek and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2021-12-07 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How firms are structured, the management practices they develop, as well as the way in which workers and managers interact can have wider implications for both the performance of the firm and the well-being of its workers. This volume contains ten original articles that investigate aspects related to workplace practices and productivity.
Author : Robert Rohrschneider
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199652783
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)
Download or read book The Strain of Representation written by Robert Rohrschneider and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-30 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Strain of Representation examines the quality of democratic representation in Europe, focusing on the way that political parties channel the preferences of different groups of citizens into government policies.
![Download [ ] With Design: Reinventing Design Modes PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/TW2aEAAAQBAJ?fife=w200-h370)
Author : Gerhard Bruyns
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811944725
Total Pages : 3580 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)
Download or read book [ ] With Design: Reinventing Design Modes written by Gerhard Bruyns and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-05 with total page 3580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection stems from the International Association of Societies of Design Research (IASDR) congress in 2021, promoting the research of design in its many fields of application. Today's design finds itself at a critical moment where the conventional ‘modes’ of doing, thinking and application are increasingly challenged by the troubled ideology of globalisation, climate change, migration patterns and the rapid restructuring of locally driven manufacturing sectors. The volume presents a selection of papers on state-of-the-art design research work. As rapid technological development has been pushing and breaking new ground in society, the broad field of design is facing many unprecedented changes. In combination with the environmental, cultural, technological, and, crucially, pandemic transitions, design at large is called to fundamentally alter its modes of practice. Beyond the conventional models of conducting research, or developing solutions to ‘wicked’ problems, the recoupling of design with different modes should be seen as an expression to embrace other capacities of thinking, criticisms and productions. This selection of proceedings papers delivers the latest insights into design from a multitude of perspectives, as reflected in the eight thematic modes of the congress ; i.e., [social] , [making] , [business] , [critical], [historical/projective], [impact], [pandemic], and [alternative] with design modes. The book benefits design researchers from both academia and industry who are interested in the latest design research results, as well as in innovative design research methods. In presenting an interesting corpus of design case studies as well as studies of design impact, this comprehensive collection is of relevance to design theorists and students, as well as scholars in related fields seeking to understand how design plays a critical role in their respective domains.
Author : Huan Liu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461556899
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)
Download or read book Feature Selection for Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining written by Huan Liu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As computer power grows and data collection technologies advance, a plethora of data is generated in almost every field where computers are used. The com puter generated data should be analyzed by computers; without the aid of computing technologies, it is certain that huge amounts of data collected will not ever be examined, let alone be used to our advantages. Even with today's advanced computer technologies (e. g. , machine learning and data mining sys tems), discovering knowledge from data can still be fiendishly hard due to the characteristics of the computer generated data. Taking its simplest form, raw data are represented in feature-values. The size of a dataset can be measUJ·ed in two dimensions, number of features (N) and number of instances (P). Both Nand P can be enormously large. This enormity may cause serious problems to many data mining systems. Feature selection is one of the long existing methods that deal with these problems. Its objective is to select a minimal subset of features according to some reasonable criteria so that the original task can be achieved equally well, if not better. By choosing a minimal subset offeatures, irrelevant and redundant features are removed according to the criterion. When N is reduced, the data space shrinks and in a sense, the data set is now a better representative of the whole data population. If necessary, the reduction of N can also give rise to the reduction of P by eliminating duplicates.
