The Renewal Of Islams World Order

Download The Renewal Of Islams World Order full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online The Renewal Of Islams World Order ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

The Renewal of Islam’s World Order

Author : Munawar Sabir
Publisher : Trafford Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1698708874
Total Pages : 533 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Renewal of Islam’s World Order by : Munawar Sabir

Download or read book The Renewal of Islam’s World Order written by Munawar Sabir and published by Trafford Publishing. This book was released on 2021-07-29 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Allah created the earth and then bestowed on man His favor to extract sustenance from it. He also creates the sun moon and the stars to create a just equilibrium and harmony in the universe. The sun provides energy for the growth, sustenance and wellbeing of the humans’ plants and the animals. Gradually man began to extract more than his personal needs from the earth and the boom of economics, trade and commerce started, creating, cycle’s imbalance, disharmony, wars, poverty, and injustice throughout the globe. This disharmony caused by greed not only blemished the humans, but the animal life also suffered by disappearance of species. Pollution and contamination of the environment resulted from race to accumulate and hoard the world’s wealth in a few hands. Man, disobeyed Allah’s universal laws and Allah’s Covenant. In return for all of Allah’s favors Allah commands: Justice, Al-‘Adl. Justice, fairness honesty, integrity and even-handed dealings are a prerequisite of every Muslim’s conduct when dealing with others whether socially or in business transaction Doing what is good and that is beautiful. Al-Ihsan. This attribute includes every positive quality such as goodness, beautiful, pleasing, harmony. Human beings have an obligation to do what is wholesome and beautiful in their relationship with Allah and His creatures. Provide for those near to you, qurba and kith and kin. Help them with wealth, kindness, compassion, humanity, and sympathy. Allah forbids Al-Fahasha, all evil deeds, lies, false testimony, fornication, selfishness, ingratitude, greed, and false belief. One must fulfill the Covenant of Allah and who so ever does beautiful and righteous deeds Allah will give him or her new life and reward them with greater wages. Allah commands justice, the doing of good and liberality to kith and kin and He forbids all shameful deeds and injustice and rebellion: He instructs you, that ye may receive admonition. Fulfill the Covenant of Allah when ye have entered into it and break not your covenants after ye have confirmed them: indeed, ye have made Allah your surety; for Allah knows all that you do. (Qur’an 16:90-91)ô Whoever works righteousness, man or woman and has Faith, verily, to him will We give a new Life, a life that is good and pure and We will bestow on such their reward according to the best their actions. (Qur’an16:97) Tawhid the main pillar off Islam signifies that human’s economic life depends wholly on Allah’s Laws of the universe that their relationship to those who believe is through the obedience to the Covenant of Allah. Allah maintains in the Qur’an that there is no creature on earth the responsibility of whose sustenance is not assumed by Allah. No creature crawls on earth that Allah does not nourish. He knows its essential nature and its varying forms; every detail has its place in the obvious plan. (Qur’an 11:6) How are the people in need provided for their sustenance and needs of daily lives? All wealth belongs to Allah who bestows it on some persons more than others. This wealth is given in trust, whereby the possessor is obliged to give the surplus in Allah’s cause, to his kin, to the widows and orphans and to the needy first in his community and then in the other communities around him. Wealth is to be shared so that not a single individual of the Ummah, or indeed in the world should go hungry or without education and shelter.

The Renewal of Islam's World Order

Author : Munawar Sabir
Publisher : Trafford Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781698708898
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (88 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Renewal of Islam's World Order by : Munawar Sabir

Download or read book The Renewal of Islam's World Order written by Munawar Sabir and published by Trafford Publishing. This book was released on 2021-07-29 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Allah created the earth and then bestowed on man His favor to extract sustenance from it. He also creates the sun moon and the stars to create a just equilibrium and harmony in the universe. The sun provides energy for the growth, sustenance and wellbeing of the humans' plants and the animals. Gradually man began to extract more than his personal needs from the earth and the boom of economics, trade and commerce started, creating, cycle's imbalance, disharmony, wars, poverty and injustice throughout the globe. This disharmony caused by greed not only blemished the humans, but the animal life also suffered by disappearance of species. Pollution and contamination of the environment resulted from race to accumulate and hoard the world's wealth in a few hands. Man, disobeyed Allah's universal laws and Allah's Covenant. In return for all of Allah's favors Allah commands: Justice, Al-'Adl .Justice, fairness honesty, integrity and even-handed dealings are a prerequisite of every Muslim's conduct when dealing with others whether socially or in business transaction Doing what is good and that is beautiful. Al-Ihsan. This attribute includes every positive quality such as goodness, beautiful, pleasing, harmony. Human beings have an obligation to do what is wholesome and beautiful in their relationship with Allah and His creatures. Provide for those near to you, qurba and kith and kin. Help them with wealth, kindness, compassion, humanity, and sympathy. Allah forbids Al-Fahasha, all evil deeds, lies, false testimony, fornication, selfishness, ingratitude, greed, and false belief. One must fulfill the Covenant of Allah and who so ever does beautiful and righteous deeds Allah will give him or her new life and reward them with greater wages. Allah commands justice, the doing of good and liberality to kith and kin and He forbids all shameful deeds and injustice and rebellion: He instructs you, that ye may receive admonition. Fulfill the Covenant of Allah when ye have entered into it and break not your covenants after ye have confirmed them: indeed, ye have made Allah your surety; for Allah knows all that you do. (Qur'an 16:90-91)ô Whoever works righteousness, man or woman and has Faith, verily, to him will We give a new Life, a life that is good and pure and We will bestow on such their reward according to the best their actions. (Qur'an16:97) Tawhid the main pillar off Islam signifies that human's economic life depends wholly on Allah's Laws of the universe that their relationship to those who believe is through the obedience to the Covenant of Allah. Allah maintains in the Qur'an that there is no creature on earth the responsibility of whose sustenance is not assumed by Allah. No creature crawls on earth that Allah does not nourish. He knows its essential nature and its varying forms; every detail has its place in the obvious plan. (Qur'an 11:6) How are the people in need provided for their sustenance and needs of daily lives? All wealth belongs to Allah who bestows it on some persons more than others. This wealth is given in trust, whereby the possessor is obliged to give the surplus in Allah's cause, to his kin, to the widows and orphans and to the needy first in his community and then in the other communities around him. Wealth is to be shared so that not a single individual of the Ummah, or indeed in the world should go hungry or without education and shelter.

The Covenant and the Dar Es Salaam

Author : Munawar Sabir
Publisher : Trafford Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1698709293
Total Pages : 590 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Covenant and the Dar Es Salaam by : Munawar Sabir

Download or read book The Covenant and the Dar Es Salaam written by Munawar Sabir and published by Trafford Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-04 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dar es Salaam is the Abode of Peace, which Allah has promised to His righteous servants who follow the Straight Path of Allah. Dar es Salaam is the home of the Ummah, which extends in the East from the Muslim populations of the Philippines to the Atlantic coast of Africa and in the North its domains extend from the Muslim population of Russia to those of Indonesia to the South. Every place with a majority of Muslims constitutes the domain of Islam, the Abode of Peace. Believers within and outside the domain of Islam, have the right to the citizenship of the Dar es Salaam, and shall enjoy all the benefits and the obligations that go with such citizenship. Every home and every place of worship of Believers everywhere on earth constitute a piece of the Dar es Salaam. There is neither a border nor frontiers in the Dar es Salaam. Through obedience of Covenant of Allah, the Ummah is at this point of time ready to roll over artificial borders and barriers dividing the Dar es Salaam and to assume its executive sovereignty over the land of Islam. The Ummah is prepared to establish the Covenant of Allah in the governance of its communities through peace, justice, consultation and consensus of the community. The greatest miracle of Islam is the Revelation and the preservation of the Divine Word, the Qur’an. The next greatest miracle is survival, and continuing expansion of the Ummah, through the centuries of tyrannical and turbulent Sultanic and colonial rule. In spite of the alien systems of governments of sultans and dictators, founded on self-aggrandizement and personal power, the common people and the community of Islam have continued to receive nurturing and spiritual enlightenment, through love of Allah and His Blessed Nabi. Holy men, sages, Sufi, and other humble religious teachers have continued to nurture the love of Allah in the heart of the people. They sought to teach and preach Taqwa of Allah and the knowledge of Allah in humility and sincerity. Insignificant raindrops fall on a parched land singly and disappear forever, the same rain drops in strength coalesce to form little streams, then little rivulets, then join together to become mighty rivers, flowing further dropping into powerful and majestic waterfalls, yet again, joining together with other rivers, lakes, and yet more hill torrents to end up in mighty oceans, ever increasing in size, in length, in depth, in power, yet at all times obedient to the will of Allah. An insignificant human without faith is like a drop of water on parched land. Yet the same human, a Believer strengthened by his Covenant with Allah joins others with the Covenant, to form a little community, that in unity with other Believers, in communion with Allah, in unity become the Ummah of the Believers around the world, a powerful united people, witness over other nations with Allah and His Prophet witness over them. At the turn of the twenty- first century there are more Believers than ever in the history of mankind. These Believers of Allah are in Islam and in other religions. It is the obligation of every Muslim to commune with every Believer of Allah in the brotherhood of the people of Haqq.

The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order

Author : Samuel P. Huntington
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1416561242
Total Pages : 555 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (165 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order by : Samuel P. Huntington

Download or read book The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order written by Samuel P. Huntington and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2007-05-31 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The classic study of post-Cold War international relations, more relevant than ever in today’s geopolitical climate—with a foreword by Zbigniew Brzezinski. Since its initial publication in 1996, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order has become one of the most influential books ever written about foreign affairs. Samuel Huntington explains how clashes between civilizations pose the greatest threat to world peace, but also how an international order based on civilizations is the best safeguard against war. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order explains how the population explosion in Muslim countries and the economic rise of East Asia have changed global politics. These developments challenge Western dominance, promote opposition to supposedly “universal” Western ideals, and intensify inter-civilization conflict over such issues as nuclear proliferation, immigration, human rights, and democracy. In his incisive analysis, Huntington offers a strategy for the West to preserve its unique culture and emphasizes the need for people everywhere to learn to coexist in a complex, multipolar, multi-civilizational world.

Islam in an Era of Nation-States

Author : Robert W. Hefner
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 082486302X
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (248 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Islam in an Era of Nation-States by : Robert W. Hefner

Download or read book Islam in an Era of Nation-States written by Robert W. Hefner and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 1997-09-01 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The renewal of the Muslim faith, which has occurred not only in Asia but in other parts of the world, has prompted warnings of an imminent "clash of civilizations" between Islam and the West. Islam in an Era of Nation-States examines the history, politics, and meanings of this resurgence in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines and explores its implications for Southeast Asia, the larger Muslim world, and the West. This volume will be of interest to students of Islam, Southeast Asian history, and the anthropology of religion. In examining the politics and meanings of Islamic resurgence, it will also speak to political scientists, religious scholars, and others concerned with culture and politics in the late modern era.

Eighteenth-century Renewal and Reform in Islam

Author : Nehemia Levtzion
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (49 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Eighteenth-century Renewal and Reform in Islam by : Nehemia Levtzion

Download or read book Eighteenth-century Renewal and Reform in Islam written by Nehemia Levtzion and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Idea of the Muslim World

Author : Cemil Aydin
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674050371
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Idea of the Muslim World by : Cemil Aydin

Download or read book The Idea of the Muslim World written by Cemil Aydin and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-24 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Superb... A tour de force.” —Ebrahim Moosa “Provocative... Aydin ranges over the centuries to show the relative novelty of the idea of a Muslim world and the relentless efforts to exploit that idea for political ends.” —Washington Post When President Obama visited Cairo to address Muslims worldwide, he followed in the footsteps of countless politicians who have taken the existence of a unified global Muslim community for granted. But as Cemil Aydin explains in this provocative history, it is a misconception to think that the world’s 1.5 billion Muslims constitute a single entity. How did this belief arise, and why is it so widespread? The Idea of the Muslim World considers its origins and reveals the consequences of its enduring allure. “Much of today’s media commentary traces current trouble in the Middle East back to the emergence of ‘artificial’ nation states after the fall of the Ottoman Empire... According to this narrative...today’s unrest is simply a belated product of that mistake. The Idea of the Muslim World is a bracing rebuke to such simplistic conclusions.” —Times Literary Supplement “It is here that Aydin’s book proves so valuable: by revealing how the racial, civilizational, and political biases that emerged in the nineteenth century shape contemporary visions of the Muslim world.” —Foreign Affairs

Islam in the Shadow of the New World Order

Author : Omar Zaid
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781910220061
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Islam in the Shadow of the New World Order by : Omar Zaid

Download or read book Islam in the Shadow of the New World Order written by Omar Zaid and published by . This book was released on 2014-05-20 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My study of Islam is joined to a quest for truth that has been my companion from an early age. Even then it caused me to bite the many hands that fed me, hence, certain persons mentioned herein are subject to this beleaguering habit for which I apologize but without regret. I have done so because during the course of ceaseless studies I encountered contradictions in deed and doctrine for which no other remedy is possible, especially in light of the command given to Muslims to right that which is wrong and treat the enemies of Islam as such whenever possible. And though I have some reservations as I am yet a novice in the school of Islam's wisdom, I make this offering.

Islam and World History

Author : Edmund Burke
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022658478X
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (265 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Islam and World History by : Edmund Burke

Download or read book Islam and World History written by Edmund Burke and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-11-05 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published in 1974, Marshall Hodgson’s The Venture of Islam was a watershed moment in the study of Islam. By locating the history of Islamic societies in a global perspective, Hodgson challenged the orientalist paradigms that had stunted the development of Islamic studies and provided an alternative approach to world history. Edited by Edmund Burke III and Robert Mankin, Islam and World History explores the complexity of Hodgson’s thought, the daring of his ideas, and the global context of his world historical insights into, among other themes, Islam and world history, gender in Islam, and the problem of Muslim universality. In our post-9/11 world, Hodgson’s historical vision and moral engagement have never been more relevant. A towering achievement, Islam and World History will prove to be the definitive statement on Hodgson’s relevance in the twenty-first century and will introduce his influential work to a new generation of readers.

The new world order

Author : Muhammad Ali
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The new world order by : Muhammad Ali

Download or read book The new world order written by Muhammad Ali and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Islam Unveiled

Author : Robert Spencer
Publisher : Encounter Books
ISBN 13 : 1594032955
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Islam Unveiled by : Robert Spencer

Download or read book Islam Unveiled written by Robert Spencer and published by Encounter Books. This book was released on 2003-11-25 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In "Islam Unveiled," Robert Spencer dares to face the hard questions about what the Islamic religion actually teaches--and the potentially ominous implications of those teachings for the future of both the Muslim world and the West. Going beyond the shallow distinction between a "true" peaceful Islam and the "hijacked" Islam of terrorist groups, Spencer probes the Koran and Islamic traditions (as well as the history and present-day situation of the Muslim world) as part of his inquiry into why the world's fastest growing faith tends to arouse fanaticism. "Islam Unveiled" evaluates the relationship between Islamic fundamentalism and "mainstream" Islam; the fixation with violence and jihad; the reasons for Muslims' disturbing treatment of women; and devastating effects of Muslim polygamy and Islamic divorce laws. Spencer explores other daunting questions--why the human rights record of Islamic countries is so unrelievedly grim and how the root causes of this record exist in basic Muslim beliefs; why science and high culture died out in the Muslim world--and why this is a root cause of modern Muslim resentment. He evaluates what Muslims learn from the life of Muhammad, the man that Islam hails as the supreme model of human behavior. Above all, this provocative work grapples with the question that most preoccupies us today: can Islam create successful secularized societies that will coexist peacefully with the West's multicultural mosaic?

Renewal and Renaissance

Author : Nelson Mandela
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781871163292
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (632 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Renewal and Renaissance by : Nelson Mandela

Download or read book Renewal and Renaissance written by Nelson Mandela and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The New World Order

Author : Muḥammad ʿAlī
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (248 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The New World Order by : Muḥammad ʿAlī

Download or read book The New World Order written by Muḥammad ʿAlī and published by . This book was released on 1942 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Islam Religion, Practice, Culture & World Order

Author : Ismail R. Al-Faruqi
Publisher : International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT)
ISBN 13 : 1565645871
Total Pages : 117 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (656 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Islam Religion, Practice, Culture & World Order by : Ismail R. Al-Faruqi

Download or read book Islam Religion, Practice, Culture & World Order written by Ismail R. Al-Faruqi and published by International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT). This book was released on 2012 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study Al-Faruqi presents the meaning and message of Islam to the wider world community. Key elements of the faith are summarized and explained in an overall theme of seven parts consisting of 21 chapters. Yet the chapters represent far more than a simple description of Muslim peoples and orthodox practice. Al Faruqi was a great thinker, formidable in logic, and relished intellectual engagement on every level, particularly when it came to Islam and other Faiths. And it is this unique reasoning process that is reflected in this work, Al Faruqi's signature contribution, which not only expounds on Islam as spiritual faith and action, but also on Islam the great experience.

Russia and Its Islamic World

Author : Robert Service
Publisher : Hoover Press
ISBN 13 : 0817920862
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (179 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Russia and Its Islamic World by : Robert Service

Download or read book Russia and Its Islamic World written by Robert Service and published by Hoover Press. This book was released on 2017-08-01 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Russia has long played an influential part in its world of Islam, and not all the dimensions are as widely understood as they ought to be. In Russia and Its Islamic World, Robert Service examines Russia's interactions with Islam at home and around the globe and pinpoints the tsarist and Soviet legacy, current complications, and future possibilities. The author details how the Russian encounter with Islam was close and problematic long before the twenty-first century and how Russia has recently chosen to interfere in Muslim states of the Middle East, building alliances and making enemies. Service reveals how some features of the present-day relationship continue past policies; others are starkly and perilously different, making the current moment in global affairs dangerous for both Russians and the rest of us. He describes how the Kremlin dominates Muslims in the Russian Federation, exerts a deep influence on the Muslim-inhabited states on Russia's southern frontiers, and has lunged militarily and politically into the Middle East. Foreign Muslims, he shows, do not value the leadership in Moscow except as a means to an end; Putin's pose as a friend of the Islamic world is no more than a pose—and a hypocritical one at that.

Religious Radicalism and Politics in the Middle East

Author : Emmanuel Sivan
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9780791401590
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Religious Radicalism and Politics in the Middle East by : Emmanuel Sivan

Download or read book Religious Radicalism and Politics in the Middle East written by Emmanuel Sivan and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1990-08-29 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores in a comparative perspective two fundamentalist waves that have rolled over the Middle East during the last two decades. Jewish and Muslim extremism have had a profound impact on the culture and politics of this important region. One thinks immediately of the Guh Emunism settlements on the West Bank, the Iranian revolution, and the assassination of President Sadat. The authors highlight various facets of the phenomena, such as Haradi Jewish ultra-orthodoxy, the transformation of secular Israeli nationalism by the Gush, Iranian attempts to spread the revolutionary gospel to the Sunni world, and fundamentalism as the spearhead of the national uprising in the Gaza. The introduction outlines what the extremist movements in both religions have in common, where they diverge, and how they are shaping the future of the Middle East.

Islam and the Trajectory of Globalization

Author : Louay M. Safi
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000483541
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Islam and the Trajectory of Globalization by : Louay M. Safi

Download or read book Islam and the Trajectory of Globalization written by Louay M. Safi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-10-18 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines the growing tension between social movements that embrace egalitarian and inclusivist views of national and global politics, most notably classical liberalism, and those that advance social hierarchy and national exclusivism, such as neoliberalism, neoconservatism, and national populism. In exploring issues relating to tensions and conflicts around globalization, the book identifies historical patterns of convergence and divergence rooted in the monotheistic traditions, beginning with the ancient Israelites that dominated the Near East during the Axial age, through Islamic civilization, and finally by considering the idealism-realism tensions in modern times. One thing remained constant throughout the various historical stages that preceded our current moment of global convergence: a recurring tension between transcendental idealism and various forms of realism. Transcendental idealism, which prioritize egalitarian and universal values, pushed periodically against the forces of realism that privilege established law and power structure. Equipped with the idealism-realism framework, the book examines the consequences of European realism that justified the imperialistic venture into Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America in the name of liberation and liberalization. The ill-conceived strategy has, ironically, engendered the very dysfunctional societies that produce the waves of immigrants in constant motion from the South to the North, simultaneously as it fostered the social hierarchy that transfer external tensions into identity politics within the countries of the North. The book focuses particularly on the role played historically by Islamic rationalism in translating the monotheistic egalitarian outlook into the institutions of religious pluralism, legislative and legal autonomy, and scientific enterprise at the foundation of modern society. It concludes by shedding light on the significance of the Muslim presence in Western cultures as humanity draws slowly but consistently towards what we may come to recognize as the Global Age. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781003203360, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.