The Reductive Object

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Power and Influence

Author : Richard Corry
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192577204
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Power and Influence by : Richard Corry

Download or read book Power and Influence written by Richard Corry and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-07-31 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is a complex place, and this complexity is an obstacle to our attempts to explain, predict, and control it. In Power and Influence, Richard Corry investigates the assumptions that are built into the reductive method of explanation—the method whereby we study the components of a complex system in relative isolation and use the information so gained to explain or predict the behaviour of the complex whole. He investigates the metaphysical presuppositions built into the reductive method, seeking to ascertain what the world must be like in order that the method could work. Corry argues that the method assumes the existence of causal powers that manifest causal influence—a relatively unrecognised ontological category, of which forces are a paradigm example. The success of the reductive method, therefore, is an argument for the existence of such causal influences. The book goes on to show that adding causal influence to our ontology gives us the resources to solve some traditional problems in the metaphysics of causal powers, laws of nature, causation, emergence, and possibly even normative ethics. What results, then, is not just an understanding of the reductive method, but an integrated metaphysical worldview that is grounded in an ontology of power and influence.

Reductionism, Emergence and Levels of Reality

Author : Sergio Chibbaro
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319063618
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Reductionism, Emergence and Levels of Reality by : Sergio Chibbaro

Download or read book Reductionism, Emergence and Levels of Reality written by Sergio Chibbaro and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-13 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists have always attempted to explain the world in terms of a few unifying principles. In the fifth century B.C. Democritus boldly claimed that reality is simply a collection of indivisible and eternal parts or atoms. Over the centuries his doctrine has remained a landmark, and much progress in physics is due to its distinction between subjective perception and objective reality. This book discusses theory reduction in physics, which states that the whole is nothing more than the sum of its parts: the properties of things are directly determined by their constituent parts. Reductionism deals with the relation between different theories that address different levels of reality, and uses extrapolations to apply that relation in different sciences. Reality shows a complex structure of connections, and the dream of a unified interpretation of all phenomena in several simple laws continues to attract anyone with genuine philosophical and scientific interests. If the most radical reductionist point of view is correct, the relationship between disciplines is strictly inclusive: chemistry becomes physics, biology becomes chemistry, and so on. Eventually, only one science, indeed just a single theory, would survive, with all others merging in the Theory of Everything. Is the current coexistence of different sciences a mere historical venture which will end when the Theory of Everything has been established? Can there be a unified description of nature? Rather than an analysis of full reductionism, this book focuses on aspects of theory reduction in physics and stimulates reflection on related questions: is there any evidence of actual reduction? Are the examples used in the philosophy of science too simplistic? What has been endangered by the search for (the) ultimate truth? Has the dream of reductionist reason created any monsters? Is big science one such monster? What is the point of embedding science Y within science X, if predictions cannot be made on that basis?

Beyond Reduction

Author : Steven Horst
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198043155
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond Reduction by : Steven Horst

Download or read book Beyond Reduction written by Steven Horst and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-30 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary philosophers of mind tend to assume that the world of nature can be reduced to basic physics. Yet there are features of the mind consciousness, intentionality, normativity that do not seem to be reducible to physics or neuroscience. This explanatory gap between mind and brain has thus been a major cause of concern in recent philosophy of mind. Reductionists hold that, despite all appearances, the mind can be reduced to the brain. Eliminativists hold that it cannot, and that this implies that there is something illegitimate about the mentalistic vocabulary. Dualists hold that the mental is irreducible, and that this implies either a substance or a property dualism. Mysterian non-reductive physicalists hold that the mind is uniquely irreducible, perhaps due to some limitation of our self-understanding. In this book, Steven Horst argues that this whole conversation is based on assumptions left over from an outdated philosophy of science. While reductionism was part of the philosophical orthodoxy fifty years ago, it has been decisively rejected by philosophers of science over the past thirty years, and for good reason. True reductions are in fact exceedingly rare in the sciences, and the conviction that they were there to be found was an artifact of armchair assumptions of 17th century Rationalists and 20th century Logical Empiricists. The explanatory gaps between mind and brain are far from unique. In fact, in the sciences it is gaps all the way down.And if reductions are rare in even the physical sciences, there is little reason to expect them in the case of psychology. Horst argues that this calls for a complete re-thinking of the contemporary problematic in philosophy of mind. Reductionism, dualism, eliminativism and non-reductive materialism are each severely compromised by post-reductionist philosophy of science, and philosophy of mind is in need of a new paradigm. Horst suggests that such a paradigm might be found in Cognitive Pluralism: the view that human cognitive architecture constrains us to understand the world through a plurality of partial, idealized, and pragmatically-constrained models, each employing a particular representational system optimized for its own problem domain. Such an architecture can explain the disunities of knowledge, and is plausible on evolutionary grounds.

Reductive Explanation in the Biological Sciences

Author : Marie I. Kaiser
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319253107
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Reductive Explanation in the Biological Sciences by : Marie I. Kaiser

Download or read book Reductive Explanation in the Biological Sciences written by Marie I. Kaiser and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-16 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book develops a philosophical account that reveals the major characteristics that make an explanation in the life sciences reductive and distinguish them from non-reductive explanations. Understanding what reductive explanations are enables one to assess the conditions under which reductive explanations are adequate and thus enhances debates about explanatory reductionism. The account of reductive explanation presented in this book has three major characteristics. First, it emerges from a critical reconstruction of the explanatory practice of the life sciences itself. Second, the account is monistic since it specifies one set of criteria that apply to explanations in the life sciences in general. Finally, the account is ontic in that it traces the reductivity of an explanation back to certain relations that exist between objects in the world (such as part-whole relations and level relations), rather than to the logical relations between sentences. Beginning with a disclosure of the meta-philosophical assumptions that underlie the author’s analysis of reductive explanation, the book leads into the debate about reduction(ism) in the philosophy of biology and continues with a discussion on the two perspectives on explanatory reduction that have been proposed in the philosophy of biology so far. The author scrutinizes how the issue of reduction becomes entangled with explanation and analyzes two concepts, the concept of a biological part and the concept of a level of organization. The results of these five chapters constitute the ground on which the author bases her final chapter, developing her ontic account of reductive explanation.

Reduction, Explanation, and Realism

Author : David Owain Maurice Charles
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780198751311
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis Reduction, Explanation, and Realism by : David Owain Maurice Charles

Download or read book Reduction, Explanation, and Realism written by David Owain Maurice Charles and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributors to this volume evaluate the view that the phenomena studied in such varied fields as moral and mental philosophy, psychology, organic biology and social science are grounded in, but cannot be reduced to, phenomena that can be explained by the basic sciences.

Reduction and Emergence in Science and Philosophy

Author : Carl Gillett
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316776646
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (167 download)

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Book Synopsis Reduction and Emergence in Science and Philosophy by : Carl Gillett

Download or read book Reduction and Emergence in Science and Philosophy written by Carl Gillett and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-09-08 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grand debates over reduction and emergence are playing out across the sciences, but these debates have reached a stalemate, with both sides declaring victory on empirical grounds. In this book, Carl Gillett provides theoretical frameworks with which to understand these debates, illuminating both the novel positions of scientific reductionists and emergentists and the recent empirical advances that drive these new views. Gillett also highlights the flaws in existing philosophical frameworks and reorients the discussion to reflect the new scientific advances and issues, including the nature of 'parts' and 'wholes', the character of aggregation, and thus the continuity of nature itself. Most importantly, Gillett shows how disputes about concrete scientific cases are empirically resolvable and hence how we can break the scientific stalemate. Including a detailed glossary of key terms, this volume will be valuable for researchers and advanced students of the philosophy of science and metaphysics, and scientific researchers working in the area.

The Concept of Reduction

Author : Raphael van Riel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3319041622
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis The Concept of Reduction by : Raphael van Riel

Download or read book The Concept of Reduction written by Raphael van Riel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-02-19 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume investigates the notion of reduction. Building on the idea that philosophers employ the term ‘reduction’ to reconcile diversity and directionality with unity, without relying on elimination, the book offers a powerful explication of an “ontological”, notion of reduction the extension of which is (primarily) formed by properties, kinds, individuals, or processes. It argues that related notions of reduction, such as theory-reduction and functional reduction, should be defined in terms of this explication. Thereby, the book offers a coherent framework, which sheds light on the history of the various reduction debates in the philosophy of science and in the philosophy of mind, and on related topics such as reduction and unification, the notion of a scientific level, and physicalism. The book takes its point of departure in the examination of a puzzle about reduction. To illustrate, the book takes as an example the reduction of water. If water reduces to H2O, then water is identical to H2O – thus we get unity. Unity does not come at the price of elimination – claiming that water reduces to H2O, we do not thereby claim that there is no water. But what about diversity and directionality? Intuitively, there should be a difference between water and H2O, such that we get diversity. This is required for there to be directionality: in a sense, if water reduces to H2O, then H2O is prior to, or more basic than water. At least, if water reduces to H2O, then H2O does not reduce to water. But how can this be, if water is identical to H2O? The book shows that the application of current models of reduction does not solve this puzzle, and proposes a new coherent definition, according to which unity is tied to identity, diversity is descriptive in nature, and directionality is the directionality of explanation.

Representations of Algebraic Groups

Author : Jens Carsten Jantzen
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 082184377X
Total Pages : 594 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis Representations of Algebraic Groups by : Jens Carsten Jantzen

Download or read book Representations of Algebraic Groups written by Jens Carsten Jantzen and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2003 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gives an introduction to the general theory of representations of algebraic group schemes. This title deals with representation theory of reductive algebraic groups and includes topics such as the description of simple modules, vanishing theorems, Borel-Bott-Weil theorem and Weyl's character formula, and Schubert schemes and lne bundles on them.

Treaty Between the Twenty Two Sovereign Nations on the Reduction of Their Conventional Armed Forces in Europe

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Treaty Between the Twenty Two Sovereign Nations on the Reduction of Their Conventional Armed Forces in Europe by :

Download or read book Treaty Between the Twenty Two Sovereign Nations on the Reduction of Their Conventional Armed Forces in Europe written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Recent Advances in Evolutionary Multi-objective Optimization

Author : Slim Bechikh
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319429787
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Recent Advances in Evolutionary Multi-objective Optimization by : Slim Bechikh

Download or read book Recent Advances in Evolutionary Multi-objective Optimization written by Slim Bechikh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-09 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the most recent advances in the field of evolutionary multiobjective optimization. With the aim of drawing the attention of up-and coming scientists towards exciting prospects at the forefront of computational intelligence, the authors have made an effort to ensure that the ideas conveyed herein are accessible to the widest audience. The book begins with a summary of the basic concepts in multi-objective optimization. This is followed by brief discussions on various algorithms that have been proposed over the years for solving such problems, ranging from classical (mathematical) approaches to sophisticated evolutionary ones that are capable of seamlessly tackling practical challenges such as non-convexity, multi-modality, the presence of multiple constraints, etc. Thereafter, some of the key emerging aspects that are likely to shape future research directions in the field are presented. These include: optimization in dynamic environments, multi-objective bilevel programming, handling high dimensionality under many objectives, and evolutionary multitasking. In addition to theory and methodology, this book describes several real-world applications from various domains, which will expose the readers to the versatility of evolutionary multi-objective optimization.

A Theory of Distributed Objects

Author : Denis Caromel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540208662
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis A Theory of Distributed Objects by : Denis Caromel

Download or read book A Theory of Distributed Objects written by Denis Caromel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-04-13 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distributed and communicating objects are becoming ubiquitous. In global, Grid and Peer-to-Peer computing environments, extensive use is made of objects interacting through method calls. So far, no general formalism has been proposed for the foundation of such systems. Caromel and Henrio are the first to define a calculus for distributed objects interacting using asynchronous method calls with generalized futures, i.e., wait-by-necessity -- a must in large-scale systems, providing both high structuring and low coupling, and thus scalability. The authors provide very generic results on expressiveness and determinism, and the potential of their approach is further demonstrated by its capacity to cope with advanced issues such as mobility, groups, and components. Researchers and graduate students will find here an extensive review of concurrent languages and calculi, with comprehensive figures and summaries. Developers of distributed systems can adopt the many implementation strategies that are presented and analyzed in detail. Preface by Luca Cardelli

Transactions on Rough Sets XI

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642114784
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis Transactions on Rough Sets XI by :

Download or read book Transactions on Rough Sets XI written by and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-20 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume XI of the Transactions on Rough Sets (TRS) provides evidence of f- ther growth in the rough set landscape, both in terms of its foundations and applications. This volume provides further evidence of the number of research streams that were either directly or indirectly initiated by the seminal work on rough 1 sets by Zdzis law Pawlak (1926-2006) . Evidence of the growth of various rough 2 set-based research streams can be found in the rough set database . Thisvolumecontainsarticlesintroducingadvancesinthefoundationsand- plicationsofroughsets.These advancesinclude: calculusofattribute-value pairs useful in mining numerical data, de?nability and coalescence of approximations, variable consistency generalization approach to bagging controlled by measures of consistency, classical and dominance-based rough sets in the search for genes, judgementaboutsatis?abilityunderincompleteinformation,irreducibledescr- tive sets of attributes for information systems useful in the design of concurrent data models, computational theory of perceptions (CTP) and its characteristics and the relation with fuzzy-granulation, methods and algorithms of the Net- TRS system, a recursive version of the apriori algorithm designed for parallel processing, and decision table reduction method based on fuzzy rough sets. Theeditorsandauthorsofthisvolumeextendtheirgratitudetothereviewers of articles in this volume, Alfred Hofmann, Ursula Barth, Christine Reiss and the LNCS sta? at Springer for their support in making this volume of the TRS possible.

Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing

Author : Bill Pugh
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540307818
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing by : Bill Pugh

Download or read book Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing written by Bill Pugh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-13 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 15th International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Parallel Processing, LCPC 2002, held in College Park, MD, USA in July 2002. The 26 revised full papers presented were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement from 32 submissions. All current issues in parallel processing are addressed, in particular memory-constrained computation, compiler optimization, performance studies, high-level languages, programming language consistency models, dynamic parallelization, parallelization of data mining algorithms, parallelizing compilers, garbage collection algorithms, and evaluation of iterative compilation.

The Irreducible Reality of the Object

Author : Charles William Johns
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030514145
Total Pages : 133 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis The Irreducible Reality of the Object by : Charles William Johns

Download or read book The Irreducible Reality of the Object written by Charles William Johns and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-17 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This intriguing and compact book investigates whether or not philosophy can have a use in the face of ‘capitalist realism’ today. Can philosophy study everyday objects like computers and mobile phones? Can it think of advertising, the population, electricity, buildings and even dreams as ‘objects’ in their own right, which convey particular and novel qualities when analysed? Johns’ book starts from an immanent phenomenological study of objects, arguing that such objects disclose larger systems of anthropological meaning and control. The author moves away from the Husserlian ‘essence’ of the object and embeds his objects in a series of ‘uses’ (or ‘equipment’ as Heidegger called it). However, Johns makes a speculative move by positing the very existence of such ‘uses’ distinct from the human and first person phenomenological consciousness. This is when the annals of phenomenology meet contemporary strands of realism such as Speculative and Object Oriented models. For Johns, the world is in a constant state of being utilised, not merely through humans but through objects and their relations, and not only on a macro scale but on a micro scale (described by the theories of quantum physics). The object then becomes a locus of use, yet, importantly, one that can never be reduced to relations alone. This is because the author believes that certain aspects of a relation withholds itself in its act of relating. The mutual dynamics of relation and property are thus rearticulated in a new light. This novel description of relation places Johns squarely between relational ontologies (such as Deleuze, Latour and Garcia) and non-relational ontologies (Harman). This work is invaluable to researchers and any reader of contemporary philosophy in the age of advanced technology and capitalism.

Object Categorization

Author : Axel Pinz
Publisher : Now Publishers Inc
ISBN 13 : 1933019131
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Object Categorization by : Axel Pinz

Download or read book Object Categorization written by Axel Pinz and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2006 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article presents foundations, original research and trends in the field of object categorization by computer vision methods. The research goals in object categorization are to detect objects in images and to determine the object's categories. Categorization aims for the recognition of generic classes of objects, and thus has also been termed 'generic object recognition'. This is in contrast to the recognition of specific, individual objects. While humans are usually better in generic than in specific recognition, categorization is much harder to achieve for today's computer architectures.

Husserl's Phenomenology

Author : Kevin Hermberg
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 0826489583
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis Husserl's Phenomenology by : Kevin Hermberg

Download or read book Husserl's Phenomenology written by Kevin Hermberg and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fresh approach to the study of Husserl that gives detailed analysis of the themes in both his earlier and later works

Advances in Fuzzy Logic and Technology 2017

Author : Janusz Kacprzyk
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319668307
Total Pages : 724 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Fuzzy Logic and Technology 2017 by : Janusz Kacprzyk

Download or read book Advances in Fuzzy Logic and Technology 2017 written by Janusz Kacprzyk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-30 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume constitutes the proceedings of two collocated international conferences: EUSFLAT-2017 – the 10th edition of the flagship Conference of the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology held in Warsaw, Poland, on September 11–15, 2017, and IWIFSGN’2017 – The Sixteenth International Workshop on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and Generalized Nets, held in Warsaw on September 13–15, 2017. The conferences were organized by the Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department IV of Engineering Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, and the Polish Operational and Systems Research Society in collaboration with the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology (EUSFLAT), the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and various European universities. The aim of the EUSFLAT-2017 was t o bring together theoreticians and practitioners working on fuzzy logic, fuzzy systems, soft computing and related areas and to provide a platform for exchanging ideas and discussing the latest trends and ideas, while the aim of IWIFSGN’2017 was to discuss new developments in extensions of the concept of a fuzzy set, such as an intuitionistic fuzzy set, as well as other concepts, like that of a generalized net. The papers included, written by leading international experts, as well as the special sessions and panel discussions contribute to the development the field, strengthen collaborations and intensify networking.