The Psychological Basis of Moral Judgments

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000402150
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis The Psychological Basis of Moral Judgments by : John J. Park

Download or read book The Psychological Basis of Moral Judgments written by John J. Park and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-07-19 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the psychological basis of moral judgments and asks what theories of concepts apply to moral concepts. By combining philosophical reasoning and empirical insights from the fields of moral psychology, cognitive science, evolutionary psychology, and neuroscience, it considers what mental states not only influence, but also constitute our moral concepts and judgments. On this basis, Park proposes a novel pluralistic theory of moral concepts which includes three different cognitive structures and emotions. Thus, our moral judgments are shown to be a hybrid that express both cognitive and conative states. In part through analysis of new empirical data on moral semantic intuitions, gathered via cross-cultural experimental research, Park reveals that the referents of individuals’ moral judgments and concepts vary across time, contexts, and groups. On this basis, he contends for moral relativism, where moral judgments cannot be universally true across time and location but only relative to groups. This powerfully argued text will be of interest to researchers, academics, and educators with an interest in cognitive science, moral theory, philosophy of psychology, and moral psychology more broadly. Those interested in ethics, applied social psychology, and moral development will also benefit from the volume.

Making Moral Judgments

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000710904
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Making Moral Judgments by : Donelson Forsyth

Download or read book Making Moral Judgments written by Donelson Forsyth and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-10-17 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fascinating new book examines diversity in moral judgements, drawing on recent work in social, personality, and evolutionary psychology, reviewing the factors that influence the moral judgments people make. Why do reasonable people so often disagree when drawing distinctions between what is morally right and wrong? Even when individuals agree in their moral pronouncements, they may employ different standards, different comparative processes, or entirely disparate criteria in their judgments. Examining the sources of this variety, the author expertly explores morality using ethics position theory, alongside other theoretical perspectives in moral psychology, and shows how it can relate to contemporary social issues from abortion to premarital sex to human rights. Also featuring a chapter on applied contexts, using the theory of ethics positions to gain insights into the moral choices and actions of individuals, groups, and organizations in educational, research, political, medical, and business settings, the book offers answers that apply across individuals, communities, and cultures. Investigating the relationship between people’s personal moral philosophies and their ethical thoughts, emotions, and actions, this is fascinating reading for students and academics from psychology and philosophy and anyone interested in morality and ethics.

Moral Judgments as Educated Intuitions

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Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262546701
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Judgments as Educated Intuitions by : Hanno Sauer

Download or read book Moral Judgments as Educated Intuitions written by Hanno Sauer and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An argument that moral reasoning plays a crucial role in moral judgment through episodes of rational reflection that have established patterns for automatic judgment foundation. Rationalists about the psychology of moral judgment argue that moral cognition has a rational foundation. Recent challenges to this account, based on findings in the empirical psychology of moral judgment, contend that moral thinking has no rational basis. In this book, Hanno Sauer argues that moral reasoning does play a role in moral judgment—but not, as is commonly supposed, because conscious reasoning produces moral judgments directly. Moral reasoning figures in the acquisition, formation, maintenance, and reflective correction of moral intuitions. Sauer proposes that when we make moral judgments we draw on a stable repertoire of intuitions about what is morally acceptable, which we have acquired over the course of our moral education—episodes of rational reflection that have established patterns for automatic judgment foundation. Moral judgments are educated and rationally amenable moral intuitions. Sauer engages extensively with the empirical evidence on the psychology of moral judgment and argues that it can be shown empirically that reasoning plays a crucial role in moral judgment. He offers detailed counterarguments to the anti-rationalist challenge (the claim that reason and reasoning play no significant part in morality and moral judgment) and the emotionist challenge (the argument for the emotional basis of moral judgment). Finally, he uses Joshua Greene's Dual Process model of moral cognition to test the empirical viability and normative persuasiveness of his account of educated intuitions. Sauer shows that moral judgments can be automatic, emotional, intuitive, and rational at the same time.

Moral Judgments and Social Education

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 135150472X
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Judgments and Social Education by : Hans A. Hartmann

Download or read book Moral Judgments and Social Education written by Hans A. Hartmann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of morality is an empirical as well as conceptual task, one that involves data collection, statistical analysis, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses. This volume is about moral judgment, especially its exercise in selected social settings. The contributors are psychologists, sociologists, and philosophers of morality, most of whom have collaborated on long-ranged research projects in Europe involving socialization. These essays make it clear that moral judgment is a complex phenomena. The book fuses developmental psychology, sociology, and social psychology. It relates this directly to the work of Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg, who wrote the introduction to the book. Whether moral reasoning has a content-specific domain, or whether its structures transcend specific issues of justice, obedience, and rights, these and similar questions suggest that moral philosophers and ethical theorists have much to say about the human condition. The contributors represent diverse disciplines; but they have as their common concern the topic of the interaction of individual or group-specific moral development and social milieu. Although deeply involved in empirical research, they maintain that research on moral development can be pursued properly only in conjunction with a well-formulated theory of the relationship between society, cognition, and behavior. Moral development is an institutional as well as individual concern for schools, universities, and the military. It is rooted in the ability to formulate genuine and coherent moral judgments that reflect social conditions at two levels: individual socialization and historical development of the social system. This classic volume, now available in paperback, not only exemplifies that framework, but also makes an important contribution to it.

Sentimental Rules

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 0195169344
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Sentimental Rules by : Shaun Nichols

Download or read book Sentimental Rules written by Shaun Nichols and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2004-11-04 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shaun Nichols' theory is that emotions play a critical role in both the psychological and the cultural underpinnings of basic moral judgement, in that the norms prohibiting the harming of others are fundamentally associated with our emotional responses to those harms.

The Development of Social Knowledge

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521273053
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis The Development of Social Knowledge by : Elliot Turiel

Download or read book The Development of Social Knowledge written by Elliot Turiel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1983-04-29 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elliot Turiel's work focuses on the development of moral judgement in children and adolescents and, more generally, on their evolving understanding of the conventions of social systems. This study will be of interest to a wide range of researchers and students in child development and education.

The Emotional Construction of Morals

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019928301X
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis The Emotional Construction of Morals by : Jesse Prinz

Download or read book The Emotional Construction of Morals written by Jesse Prinz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-11-22 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jesse Prinz presents a bravura argument for highly controversial claims about morality, which go to the heart of our understanding of ourselves. He argues that moral values are based on emotional responses, and that these are inculcated by culture, not hard-wired through natural selection. These two claims support a form of moral relativism.

The Oxford Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199313792
Total Pages : 865 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning by : Keith J. Holyoak

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning written by Keith J. Holyoak and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013-05-23 with total page 865 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning brings together the contributions of many of the leading researchers in thinking and reasoning to create the most comprehensive overview of research on thinking and reasoning that has ever been available.

Moral Judgments as Educated Intuitions

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Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 026203560X
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Judgments as Educated Intuitions by : Hanno Sauer

Download or read book Moral Judgments as Educated Intuitions written by Hanno Sauer and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An argument that moral reasoning plays a crucial role in moral judgment through episodes of rational reflection that have established patterns for automatic judgment foundation. Rationalists about the psychology of moral judgment argue that moral cognition has a rational foundation. Recent challenges to this account, based on findings in the empirical psychology of moral judgment, contend that moral thinking has no rational basis. In this book, Hanno Sauer argues that moral reasoning does play a role in moral judgment—but not, as is commonly supposed, because conscious reasoning produces moral judgments directly. Moral reasoning figures in the acquisition, formation, maintenance, and reflective correction of moral intuitions. Sauer proposes that when we make moral judgments we draw on a stable repertoire of intuitions about what is morally acceptable, which we have acquired over the course of our moral education—episodes of rational reflection that have established patterns for automatic judgment foundation. Moral judgments are educated and rationally amenable moral intuitions. Sauer engages extensively with the empirical evidence on the psychology of moral judgment and argues that it can be shown empirically that reasoning plays a crucial role in moral judgment. He offers detailed counterarguments to the anti-rationalist challenge (the claim that reason and reasoning play no significant part in morality and moral judgment) and the emotionist challenge (the argument for the emotional basis of moral judgment). Finally, he uses Joshua Greene's Dual Process model of moral cognition to test the empirical viability and normative persuasiveness of his account of educated intuitions. Sauer shows that moral judgments can be automatic, emotional, intuitive, and rational at the same time.

Sentimental Rules

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198037864
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Sentimental Rules by : Shaun Nichols

Download or read book Sentimental Rules written by Shaun Nichols and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-11-04 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sentimental Rules is an ambitious and highly interdisciplinary work, which proposes and defends a new theory about the nature and evolution of moral judgment. In it, philosopher Shaun Nichols develops the theory that emotions play a critical role in both the psychological and the cultural underpinnings of basic moral judgment. Nichols argues that our norms prohibiting the harming of others are fundamentally associated with our emotional responses to those harms, and that such 'sentimental rules' enjoy an advantage in cultural evolution, which partly explains the success of certain moral norms. This has sweeping and exciting implications for philosophical ethics. Nichols builds on an explosion of recent intriguing experimental work in psychology on our capacity for moral judgment and shows how this empirical work has broad import for enduring philosophical problems. The result is an account that illuminates fundamental questions about the character of moral emotions and the role of sentiment and reason in how we make our moral judgments. This work should appeal widely across philosophy and the other disciplines that comprise cognitive science.

The Psychological Basis of Moral Judgments

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Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000402223
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis The Psychological Basis of Moral Judgments by : John Park

Download or read book The Psychological Basis of Moral Judgments written by John Park and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2021-07-18 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the psychological basis of moral judgments and asks what theories of concepts apply to moral concepts. By combining philosophical reasoning and empirical insights from the fields of moral psychology, cognitive science, evolutionary psychology, and neuroscience, it considers what mental states not only influence, but also constitute our moral concepts and judgments. On this basis, Park proposes a novel pluralistic theory of moral concepts which includes three different cognitive structures and emotions. Thus, our moral judgments are shown to be a hybrid that express both cognitive and conative states. In part through analysis of new empirical data on moral semantic intuitions, gathered via cross-cultural experimental research, Park reveals that the referents of individuals’ moral judgments and concepts vary across time, contexts, and groups. On this basis, he contends for moral relativism, where moral judgments cannot be universally true across time and location but only relative to groups. This powerfully argued text will be of interest to researchers, academics, and educators with an interest in cognitive science, moral theory, philosophy of psychology, and moral psychology more broadly. Those interested in ethics, applied social psychology, and moral development will also benefit from the volume.

Atlas of Moral Psychology

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Author :
Publisher : Guilford Publications
ISBN 13 : 1462541224
Total Pages : 607 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Atlas of Moral Psychology by : Kurt Gray

Download or read book Atlas of Moral Psychology written by Kurt Gray and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-15 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive and cutting-edge volume maps out the terrain of moral psychology, a dynamic and evolving area of research. In 57 concise chapters, leading authorities and up-and-coming scholars explore fundamental issues and current controversies. The volume systematically reviews the empirical evidence base and presents influential theories of moral judgment and behavior. It is organized around the key questions that must be addressed for a complete understanding of the moral mind.

New Waves in Ethics

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230305881
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis New Waves in Ethics by : T. Brooks

Download or read book New Waves in Ethics written by T. Brooks and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together the leading future figures in ethics broadly construed with essays ranging from metaethics and normative ethics to applied ethics and political philosophy, topics include new work on experimental philosophy, feminism, and global justice incorporating perspectives informed from historical and contemporary approaches alike.

The Moral Brain

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Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262534584
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis The Moral Brain by : Jean Decety

Download or read book The Moral Brain written by Jean Decety and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-09-08 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the latest interdisciplinary research on human morality, capturing moral sensibility as a sophisticated integration of cognitive, emotional, and motivational mechanisms. Over the past decade, an explosion of empirical research in a variety of fields has allowed us to understand human moral sensibility as a sophisticated integration of cognitive, emotional, and motivational mechanisms shaped through evolution, development, and culture. Evolutionary biologists have shown that moral cognition evolved to aid cooperation; developmental psychologists have demonstrated that the elements that underpin morality are in place much earlier than we thought; and social neuroscientists have begun to map brain circuits implicated in moral decision making. This volume offers an overview of current research on the moral brain, examining the topic from disciplinary perspectives that range from anthropology and neurophilosophy to justice and law. The contributors address the evolution of morality, considering precursors of human morality in other species as well as uniquely human adaptations. They examine motivations for morality, exploring the roles of passion, extreme sacrifice, and cooperation. They go on to consider the development of morality, from infancy to adolescence; findings on neurobiological mechanisms of moral cognition; psychopathic immorality; and the implications for justice and law of a more biological understanding of morality. These new findings may challenge our intuitions about society and justice, but they may also lead to more a humane and flexible legal system. Contributors Scott Atran, Abigail A. Baird, Nicolas Baumard, Sarah Brosnan, Jason M. Cowell, Molly J. Crockett, Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza, Andrew W. Delton, Mark R. Dadds, Jean Decety, Jeremy Ginges, Andrea L. Glenn, Joshua D. Greene, J. Kiley Hamlin, David J. Hawes, Jillian Jordan, Max M. Krasnow, Ayelet Lahat, Jorge Moll, Caroline Moul, Thomas Nadelhoffer, Alexander Peysakhovich, Laurent Prétôt, Jesse Prinz, David G. Rand, Rheanna J. Remmel, Emma Roellke, Regina A. Rini, Joshua Rottman, Mark Sheskin, Thalia Wheatley, Liane Young, Roland Zahn

Moral Thinking, Fast and Slow

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131546747X
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (154 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Thinking, Fast and Slow by : Hanno Sauer

Download or read book Moral Thinking, Fast and Slow written by Hanno Sauer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-09-11 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent research, dual-process theories of cognition have been the primary model for explaining moral judgment and reasoning. These theories understand moral thinking in terms of two separate domains: one deliberate and analytic, the other quick and instinctive. This book presents a new theory of the philosophy and cognitive science of moral judgment. Hanno Sauer develops and defends an account of "triple-process" moral psychology, arguing that moral thinking and reasoning are only insufficiently understood when described in terms of a quick but intuitive and a slow but rational type of cognition. This approach severely underestimates the importance and impact of dispositions to initiate and engage in critical thinking – the cognitive resource in charge of counteracting my-side bias, closed-mindedness, dogmatism, and breakdowns of self-control. Moral cognition is based, not on emotion and reason, but on an integrated network of intuitive, algorithmic and reflective thinking. Moral Thinking, Fast and Slow will be of great interest to philosophers and students of ethics, philosophy of psychology and cognitive science.

Moral Imagination

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Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022622323X
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Imagination by : Mark Johnson

Download or read book Moral Imagination written by Mark Johnson and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-12-10 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using path-breaking discoveries of cognitive science, Mark Johnson argues that humans are fundamentally imaginative moral animals, challenging the view that morality is simply a system of universal laws dictated by reason. According to the Western moral tradition, we make ethical decisions by applying universal laws to concrete situations. But Johnson shows how research in cognitive science undermines this view and reveals that imagination has an essential role in ethical deliberation. Expanding his innovative studies of human reason in Metaphors We Live By and The Body in the Mind, Johnson provides the tools for more practical, realistic, and constructive moral reflection.

Psychological Basis of Morality

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1349037354
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (49 download)

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Book Synopsis Psychological Basis of Morality by : F. C. T. Moore

Download or read book Psychological Basis of Morality written by F. C. T. Moore and published by Springer. This book was released on 1978-06-17 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: