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The Production Of Liquid Hydrogen At The Rocket Propulsion Establishment
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Book Synopsis The Production of Liquid Hydrogen at the Rocket Propulsion Establishment by : R. Bainbridge
Download or read book The Production of Liquid Hydrogen at the Rocket Propulsion Establishment written by R. Bainbridge and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The design, development and operation of a liquid hydrogen plant with an hourly output of 100 liters of normal liquid hydrogen or 70 liters of 85-90 per cent parahydrogen are described. The performance of a pre-cooled Linde cycle is examined and the major design concepts required to ensure a safe and reliable production facility are discussed. (Modified author abstract) Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Book Synopsis Liquid Hydrogen as a Propulsion Fuel, 1945-1959 by : John L. Sloop
Download or read book Liquid Hydrogen as a Propulsion Fuel, 1945-1959 written by John L. Sloop and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Notes on a Visit to Some U. S. Organizations Engaged on Liquid Hydrogen and Electric Propulsion Systems - October 1961 by : R. G. Cruddace
Download or read book Notes on a Visit to Some U. S. Organizations Engaged on Liquid Hydrogen and Electric Propulsion Systems - October 1961 written by R. G. Cruddace and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Liquid Hydrogen As a Propulsion Fuel, 1945-1959 by : National Aeronautics Administration
Download or read book Liquid Hydrogen As a Propulsion Fuel, 1945-1959 written by National Aeronautics Administration and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-01-18 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1957, when Russia launched the first satellite, the ability of the United States to respond depended on one small launch vehicle still under development, Vanguard, and modifications to ballistic missiles. The subsequent space race featured a rapid buildup of launch vehicle capability in this country during the 1960s, culminating with the giant Saturn V which launched the Apollo lunar expeditions beginning in 1968. A significant part of the increased launch capability resulted from technical decisions made in 1958 and 1959 to use liquid hydrogen in the upper stages of the Centaur and Saturn vehicles-and that story is not well known. The decision to use liquid hydrogen in developing the nation's largest launch vehicle was particularly bold, for many experienced engineers doubted the advisability of using a highly hazardous fuel associated with the Hindenburg disaster of 1937, a gas difficult to liquefy, a liquid so cold-close to absolute zero-that storage and handling are difficult, and so light-1/14 the density of water-that large tank volumes are required, with attendant problems of vehicle mass and drag. Hydrogen had been considered in astronautics and aeronautics several times before; but in each case, as the problems became better known, the attempt was abandoned, What was different in this case? Why was there so much confidence about hydrogen within the young space agency to warrant risking the success of the nation's manned spaceflight program? The decision, of course, turned out to be the right one. Subsequent advancements in the technologies of liquefying, storing, transporting, and using large quantities of liquid hydrogen made it just another flammable liquid that could be handled and used safely with reasonable caution. The key role that liquid hydrogen played in the success of the Centaur and Saturn launch vehicles has long interested the author. As a participant in research on hydrogen for rockets in the 1950s and a proponent for its use, the author understood the potential as well as the risks and in recent years wanted to investigate more fully the circumstances leading to the 1958 and 1959 decisions. In digging into the background for the decisions and the status of hydrogen technology that influenced those decisions, the question arose: how far back to investigate? The flammability of gaseous hydrogen has been known for centuries; its large heat content was measured in the 18th century; and it was liquefied by Dewar in 1898. Five years later, Tsiolkovskiy, the Russian rocket pioneer, proposed its use in a space rocket, as did Goddard in 1910. In the 1920s, Oberth correctly assessed the advantage of using hydrogen in the upper stages of space vehicles. None of these rocket pioneers experimented with hydrogen; other fuels appeared more attractive in the face of hydrogen's disadvantages, particularly its low density. One German experimenter, Walter Theil, tried to use liquid hydrogen in a small rocket engine a few years before World War II, but numerous leaks and higher priority tasks ended the experiments. The first systematic investigations of liquid hydrogen to propel aircraft and rockets began in the United States in 1945 and although earlier developments undoubtedly had an influence, where the author chose to start this book at that point. In describing the history of rocket technology, it is easy for an engineer-author to become immersed in the technical aspects that may be of little interest to some readers. The author tried to minimize mathematics, technical language, and other specialized details, but some are unavoidable if propulsion research is to be presented fairly and accurately. Adding to this problem has been the conversion of many familiar English units into the metric system. Those accustomed to thinking of rocket performance in terms of specific impulse will not find it here; instead, they will have to settle for its equivalent, exhaust velocity.
Download or read book Liquid Hydrogen written by Walter Peschka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: to the German Edition This book is based on published material, oral presentations and lecture courses, as well as the author's personal research in the specific field of space technology and in the general areas of energy storage and transfer, and cryogenics. The science and technology of liquid hydrogen-once essential prere quisites for the rapid development of space technology-are now also proving to be more and more important for the energy production of the future. Hydrogen as an energy carrier can generally mediate the existing disparity between nuclear energy and regenerative energy, both of which are indispensable for the future. Hydrogen, as a secondary energy carrier, can be produced from these primary energy sources with minimal environmental impact and without the detrimental, long-term pollution effects of current fossil fuel technology. Hydrogen, therefore, represents the ultimate in energy technology. The initial, large-scale application of hydrogen as a secondary energy was as a high-energy rocket propellant. The procedures for its large scale liquefaction, storage and employment were generally developed in the U.S. Currently in Europe similar activities are being conducted only in France. The effort in West Germany involves testing hydrogen-oxygen and hydrogen-fluorine rocket engines, studying also the physical and technical characteristics of slush hydrogen-mixture of the solid and liquid phase-and is concentrating currently on R&D applications of liquid hydrogen as an alternate fuel. Similar activities are also being conducted in Japan and Canada.
Book Synopsis Experimental Performance of Liquid Hydrogen and Liquid Fluorine in Regeneratively Cooled Rocket Engines by : H. W. Douglass
Download or read book Experimental Performance of Liquid Hydrogen and Liquid Fluorine in Regeneratively Cooled Rocket Engines written by H. W. Douglass and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings written by D. S. Carton and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Rocket Propulsion by : DP Mishra
Download or read book Fundamentals of Rocket Propulsion written by DP Mishra and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-20 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book follows a unified approach to present the basic principles of rocket propulsion in concise and lucid form. This textbook comprises of ten chapters ranging from brief introduction and elements of rocket propulsion, aerothermodynamics to solid, liquid and hybrid propellant rocket engines with chapter on electrical propulsion. Worked out examples are also provided at the end of chapter for understanding uncertainty analysis. This book is designed and developed as an introductory text on the fundamental aspects of rocket propulsion for both undergraduate and graduate students. It is also aimed towards practicing engineers in the field of space engineering. This comprehensive guide also provides adequate problems for audience to understand intricate aspects of rocket propulsion enabling them to design and develop rocket engines for peaceful purposes.
Book Synopsis Combustion and Heat Transfer in a Small Rocket Chamber Burning Liquid Oxygen and Gaseous Hydrogen by : A. T. Jeffs
Download or read book Combustion and Heat Transfer in a Small Rocket Chamber Burning Liquid Oxygen and Gaseous Hydrogen written by A. T. Jeffs and published by . This book was released on with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Taming Liquid Hydrogen by : Virginia Parker Dawson
Download or read book Taming Liquid Hydrogen written by Virginia Parker Dawson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Liquid Hydrogen As a Propulsion Fuel 1945-1959 by : John Sloop
Download or read book Liquid Hydrogen As a Propulsion Fuel 1945-1959 written by John Sloop and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-04-15 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author of this work illuminates the overlapping, often conflicting roles of the individual, who originates ideas, and of the group, which manages today's complex technology. Many worthwhile ideas have doubtless been lost, at least temporarily, because individuals were unable to convince committees.
Book Synopsis Liquid Hydrogen As a Propulsion Fuel, 1945-1959 by : John Sloop
Download or read book Liquid Hydrogen As a Propulsion Fuel, 1945-1959 written by John Sloop and published by . This book was released on 2014-09-05 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of how liquid hydrogen was put to work is told in two great books. Part 1 is this book, "Liquid Hydrogen as a Propulsion Fuel, 1945-1959", by John L. Sloop (NASA SP-4404). Part 2 is "Taming Liquid Hydrogen: The Centaur Upper Stage Rocket: 1958-2002", by Virginia P. Dawson and Mark D. Bowles (NASA SP-2004-4230).
Book Synopsis Technology and Uses of Liquid Hydrogen by : R. B. Scott
Download or read book Technology and Uses of Liquid Hydrogen written by R. B. Scott and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology and Uses of Liquid Hydrogen deals with the technological aspects and applications of liquid hydrogen. Topics covered include the process of producing hydrogen gas for liquefaction; thermal insulation, storage, transportation, and transfer of liquid hydrogen; liquid hydrogen engines and bubble chambers; and safety in the use of liquid hydrogen. The uses of liquid hydrogen for the production of cold neutrons inside a nuclear reactor are also discussed. This book is comprised of 11 chapters and begins with a little background, history, and statistics on the technology and uses of liquid hydrogen, followed by a review of commercially feasible processes for the production of of liquid hydrogen. The reader is then introduced to the basic principles of the liquefaction of hydrogen; hydrogen liquefiers of moderate size; the use of liquid hydrogen as a coolant/propellant for nuclear rockets; and separation of deuterium by the large-scale distillation of liquid hydrogen. Subsequent chapters explore liquid hydrogen engines and bubble chambers; safety considerations in the use of liquid hydrogen; and properties of normal and para-hydrogen. This monograph will be of interest to chemists.
Download or read book Liquid Hydrogen written by Sam Stuart and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid Hydrogen (Properties, Production and Applications) is a collection of lectures given in a course on liquid hydrogen at the University of Grenoble, France, on June 8, 1965, under the auspices of the International Institute of Refrigeration. Contributors explore the physical properties and the technological aspects of both production and utilization of liquid hydrogen. Topics covered range from critical phenomena in fluids to the use of liquid hydrogen in nuclear rocket testing. Comprised of 12 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the critical point of fluid, followed by a discussion on the properties of liquid hydrogen and its use in nuclear rocket testing. Subsequent chapters focus on propulsion by liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen; structural cryogenic vessels of rocket stages; the role of chemical propellants in the NASA lunar exploration program; and equipment for liquid hydrogen storage and handling. Industrial advances in liquid hydrogen distillation are also considered, along with liquid hydrogen engineering instrumentation and applications of liquid hydrogen in electrical engineering. The final chapter describes nuclear applications of liquid hydrogen. This book will be of value to students, professors, engineers, and technicians working or are interested in liquid hydrogen.
Download or read book Energy written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Theoretical Performance of Hydrogen-oxygen Rocket Thrust Chambers by : Gilbert K. Sievers
Download or read book Theoretical Performance of Hydrogen-oxygen Rocket Thrust Chambers written by Gilbert K. Sievers and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theoretical rocket performance data for the propellant combination of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen are presented in convenient graphical forms to permit rapid determination of specific impulse, vacuum specific impulse, and characteristic velocity. Data are presented for both frozen and equilibrium composition during expansion for chamber pressures of 15, 30, 60, 150, 300, 600, 900 and 1200 pounds per square inch absolute over a wide range of percent fuel from approximately 8 to 34 and area ratios to approximately 300. For rapid calculation of the theoretical nozzle performance with over- or under- expansion, separated flow, and introduction of propellants at different initial conditions or heat loss from the combustion chamber, the following theoretical data are also presented: combustion-chamber temperature, nozzle-exit temperature, and the ratio of chamber-pressure to nozzle-exit pressure. An easy method is given for estimating theoretical specific impulse at chamber pressures other than those presented.
