The Philosophy Of Group Polarization

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The Philosophy of Group Polarization

Author : Fernando Broncano-Berrocal
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000342867
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis The Philosophy of Group Polarization by : Fernando Broncano-Berrocal

Download or read book The Philosophy of Group Polarization written by Fernando Broncano-Berrocal and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-02-15 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Group polarization—the tendency of groups to incline toward more extreme positions than initially held by their individual members—has been rigorously studied by social psychologists, though in a way that has overlooked important philosophical questions. This is the first book-length treatment of group polarization from a philosophical perspective. The phenomenon of group polarization raises several important metaphysical and epistemological questions. From a metaphysical point of view, can group polarization, understood as an epistemic feature of a group, be reduced to epistemic features of its individual members? Relatedly, from an epistemological point of view, is group polarization best understood as a kind of cognitive bias or rather in terms of intellectual vice? This book compares four models that combine potential answers to the metaphysical and epistemological questions. The models considered are: group polarization as (i) a collective bias; (ii) a summation of individual epistemic vices; (iii) a summation of individual biases; and (iv) a collective epistemic vice. Ultimately, the authors defend a collective vice model of group polarization over the competing alternatives. The Philosophy of Group Polarization will be of interest to students and researchers working in epistemology, particularly those working on social epistemology, collective epistemology, social ontology, virtue epistemology, and distributed cognition. It will also be of interest to those working on issues in political epistemology, applied epistemology, and on topics at the intersection of epistemology and ethics.

Grandstanding

Author : Justin Tosi
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0190900156
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Grandstanding by : Justin Tosi

Download or read book Grandstanding written by Justin Tosi and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-05-15 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are all guilty of it. We call people terrible names in conversation or online. We vilify those with whom we disagree, and make bolder claims than we could defend. We want to be seen as taking the moral high ground not just to make a point, or move a debate forward, but to look a certain way--incensed, or compassionate, or committed to a cause. We exaggerate. In other words, we grandstand. Nowhere is this more evident than in public discourse today, and especially as it plays out across the internet. To philosophers Justin Tosi and Brandon Warmke, who have written extensively about moral grandstanding, such one-upmanship is not just annoying, but dangerous. As politics gets more and more polarized, people on both sides of the spectrum move further and further apart when they let grandstanding get in the way of engaging one another. The pollution of our most urgent conversations with self-interest damages the very causes they are meant to forward. Drawing from work in psychology, economics, and political science, and along with contemporary examples spanning the political spectrum, the authors dive deeply into why and how we grandstand. Using the analytic tools of psychology and moral philosophy, they explain what drives us to behave in this way, and what we stand to lose by taking it too far. Most importantly, they show how, by avoiding grandstanding, we can re-build a public square worth participating in.

Going to Extremes

Author : Cass R. Sunstein
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199754128
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Going to Extremes by : Cass R. Sunstein

Download or read book Going to Extremes written by Cass R. Sunstein and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In Going to Extremes, renowned legal scholar and best-selling author Cass R. Sunstein offers startling insights into why and when people gravitate toward extremism."--Inside jacket.

The Epistemology of Group Disagreement

Author : Fernando Broncano-Berrocal
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429663587
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

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Book Synopsis The Epistemology of Group Disagreement by : Fernando Broncano-Berrocal

Download or read book The Epistemology of Group Disagreement written by Fernando Broncano-Berrocal and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-11 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together philosophers to investigate the nature and normativity of group disagreement. Debates in the epistemology of disagreement mainly have been concerned with idealized cases of peer disagreement between individuals. However, most real-life disagreements are complex and often take place within and between groups. Ascribing views, beliefs, and judgments to groups is a common phenomenon that is well researched in the literature on the ontology and epistemology of groups. The essays in this volume seek to connect these literatures and to explore both intra- and inter- group disagreements. They apply their discussions to a range of political, religious, social, and scientific issues. The Epistemology of Group Disagreement is an important resource for students and scholars working on social and applied epistemology, disagreement, and topics at the intersection of epistemology, ethics, and politics.

Political Argument in a Polarized Age

Author : Scott F. Aikin
Publisher : Polity
ISBN 13 : 9781509536535
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Political Argument in a Polarized Age by : Scott F. Aikin

Download or read book Political Argument in a Polarized Age written by Scott F. Aikin and published by Polity. This book was released on 2020-06-29 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From obnoxious public figures to online trolling and accusations of “fake news”, almost no one seems able to disagree without hostility. But polite discord sounds farfetched when issues are so personal and fundamental that those on opposing sides appear to have no common ground. How do you debate the “enemy”? Philosophers Scott Aikin and Robert Talisse show that disagreeing civilly, even with your sworn enemies, is a crucial part of democracy. Rejecting the popular view that civility requires a polite and concessive attitude, they argue that our biggest challenge is not remaining calm in the face of an opponent, but rather ensuring that our political arguments actually address those on the opposing side. Too often politicians and pundits merely simulate political debate, offering carefully structured caricatures of their opponents. These simulations mimic political argument in a way designed to convince citizens that those with whom they disagree are not worth talking to. Good democracy thrives off conflict, but until we learn the difference between real and simulated arguments we will be doomed to speak at cross-purposes. Aikin and Talisse provide a crash course in political rhetoric for the concerned citizen, showing readers why understanding the structure of arguments is just as vital for a healthy democracy as debate over facts and values. But there’s a sting in the tail - no sooner have we learned rhetorical techniques for better disagreement than these techniques themselves become weapons with which to ignore our enemies, as accusations like “false equivalence” and “ad hominem” are used to silence criticism. Civility requires us to be eternally vigilant to the ways we disagree.

The Psychology of Political Polarization

Author : Jan-Willem van Prooijen
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000365506
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis The Psychology of Political Polarization by : Jan-Willem van Prooijen

Download or read book The Psychology of Political Polarization written by Jan-Willem van Prooijen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-03-31 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Psychology of Political Polarization was inspired by the notion that, to understand the momentum of radical political movements, it is important to understand the attitudes of individual citizens who support such movements. Leading political psychologists have contributed to this important book, in which they share their latest ideas about political polarization – a complex phenomenon that cannot be traced back to a single cause, and that is associated with intolerance, overconfidence, and irrational beliefs. The book explores the basis of political polarization as being how citizens think and feel about people with a different worldview, how they perceive minority groups, and how much they trust leaders and experts on pressing societal issues such as climate change, health, international relations, and poverty. The chapters are organized into two sections that examine what psychological processes and what social factors contribute to polarization among regular citizens. The book also describes practical strategies and interventions to depolarize people. The book offers a state-of-the-art introduction to the psychology of political polarization which will appeal to the academic market and political professionals.

The Epistemology of Group Disagreement

Author : Fernando Broncano-Berrocal
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429666306
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

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Book Synopsis The Epistemology of Group Disagreement by : Fernando Broncano-Berrocal

Download or read book The Epistemology of Group Disagreement written by Fernando Broncano-Berrocal and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together philosophers to investigate the nature and normativity of group disagreement. Debates in the epistemology of disagreement have mainly been concerned with idealized cases of peer disagreement between individuals. However, most real-life disagreements are complex and often take place within and between groups. Ascribing views, beliefs, and judgments to groups is a common phenomenon that is well researched in the literature on the ontology and epistemology of groups. The chapters in this volume seek to connect these literatures and to explore both intra- and inter- group disagreements. They apply their discussions to a range of political, religious, social, and scientific issues. The Epistemology of Group Disagreement is an important resource for students and scholars working on social and applied epistemology; disagreement; and topics at the intersection of epistemology, ethics, and politics.

Conformity: a tale

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Conformity: a tale by :

Download or read book Conformity: a tale written by and published by . This book was released on 1841 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Political Turn in Analytic Philosophy

Author : David Bordonaba Plou
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110612992
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis The Political Turn in Analytic Philosophy by : David Bordonaba Plou

Download or read book The Political Turn in Analytic Philosophy written by David Bordonaba Plou and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-03-21 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new wave of thinkers from across different disciplines within the analytical tradition in philosophy has recently focused on critical, societal challenges, such as the silencing and questioning of the credibility of oppressed groups, the political polarization that threatens the good functioning of democratic societies across the globe, or the moral and political significance of gender, race, or sexual orientation. Appealing to both well-established and younger international scholars, this volume delves into some of the most relevant problems and discussions within the area, bringing together for the first time different essays within what we deem to be a “political turn in analytic philosophy.” This political turn consists of putting different conceptual and theoretical tools from epistemology, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, and metaphysics at the service of social and political change. The aim is to ensure a better understanding of some of the key features of our social environments in an attempt to achieve a more just and equal society.

Why We're Polarized

Author : Ezra Klein
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1476700397
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (767 download)

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Book Synopsis Why We're Polarized by : Ezra Klein

Download or read book Why We're Polarized written by Ezra Klein and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2020-01-28 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ONE OF BARACK OBAMA’S FAVORITE BOOKS OF 2022 One of Bill Gates’s “5 books to read this summer,” this New York Times and Wall Street Journal bestseller shows us that America’s political system isn’t broken. The truth is scarier: it’s working exactly as designed. In this “superbly researched” (The Washington Post) and timely book, journalist Ezra Klein reveals how that system is polarizing us—and how we are polarizing it—with disastrous results. “The American political system—which includes everyone from voters to journalists to the president—is full of rational actors making rational decisions given the incentives they face,” writes political analyst Ezra Klein. “We are a collection of functional parts whose efforts combine into a dysfunctional whole.” “A thoughtful, clear and persuasive analysis” (The New York Times Book Review), Why We’re Polarized reveals the structural and psychological forces behind America’s descent into division and dysfunction. Neither a polemic nor a lament, this book offers a clear framework for understanding everything from Trump’s rise to the Democratic Party’s leftward shift to the politicization of everyday culture. America is polarized, first and foremost, by identity. Everyone engaged in American politics is engaged, at some level, in identity politics. Over the past fifty years in America, our partisan identities have merged with our racial, religious, geographic, ideological, and cultural identities. These merged identities have attained a weight that is breaking much in our politics and tearing at the bonds that hold this country together. Klein shows how and why American politics polarized around identity in the 20th century, and what that polarization did to the way we see the world and one another. And he traces the feedback loops between polarized political identities and polarized political institutions that are driving our system toward crisis. “Well worth reading” (New York magazine), this is an “eye-opening” (O, The Oprah Magazine) book that will change how you look at politics—and perhaps at yourself.

Social Groups in Action and Interaction

Author : Charles Stangor
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317387341
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Groups in Action and Interaction by : Charles Stangor

Download or read book Social Groups in Action and Interaction written by Charles Stangor and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-10-16 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social Groups in Action and Interaction reviews and analyzes the human group as it operates to create both social good and, potentially, social harm. It summarizes current knowledge and contemporary research, with real-world examples in succinct yet engaging chapters, to help students understand and predict group behavior. Unlike other texts, the book considers a wide range of topics—such as conformity, leadership, task performance, social identity, prejudice, and discrimination—from both an intragroup and an intergroup perspective. By looking at behavior both within and between groups, it bridges the gap between these interconnected approaches. The second edition is thoroughly updated to include new discussion of the biology and neuroscience of group formation, recent developments in social identity theory, and recent advances in the study of social networks. It also includes questions for review and discussion in the classroom. It provides the most comprehensive and essential resource for courses on group dynamics and behavior.

The Handbook of Group Communication Theory and Research

Author : Lawrence R. Frey
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 9780761910275
Total Pages : 618 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis The Handbook of Group Communication Theory and Research by : Lawrence R. Frey

Download or read book The Handbook of Group Communication Theory and Research written by Lawrence R. Frey and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1999-07-08 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Documents and synthesizes work done in group communication scholarship's 50-year history, presenting an overview of group communication study from its beginnings in pedagogy to its status as a mature discipline with a variety of theoretical positions and methodological practices. Material is divided

Against Democracy

Author : Jason Brennan
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400888395
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Against Democracy by : Jason Brennan

Download or read book Against Democracy written by Jason Brennan and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-26 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bracingly provocative challenge to one of our most cherished ideas and institutions Most people believe democracy is a uniquely just form of government. They believe people have the right to an equal share of political power. And they believe that political participation is good for us—it empowers us, helps us get what we want, and tends to make us smarter, more virtuous, and more caring for one another. These are some of our most cherished ideas about democracy. But Jason Brennan says they are all wrong. In this trenchant book, Brennan argues that democracy should be judged by its results—and the results are not good enough. Just as defendants have a right to a fair trial, citizens have a right to competent government. But democracy is the rule of the ignorant and the irrational, and it all too often falls short. Furthermore, no one has a fundamental right to any share of political power, and exercising political power does most of us little good. On the contrary, a wide range of social science research shows that political participation and democratic deliberation actually tend to make people worse—more irrational, biased, and mean. Given this grim picture, Brennan argues that a new system of government—epistocracy, the rule of the knowledgeable—may be better than democracy, and that it's time to experiment and find out. A challenging critique of democracy and the first sustained defense of the rule of the knowledgeable, Against Democracy is essential reading for scholars and students of politics across the disciplines. Featuring a new preface that situates the book within the current political climate and discusses other alternatives beyond epistocracy, Against Democracy is a challenging critique of democracy and the first sustained defense of the rule of the knowledgeable.

The Routledge Handbook of Political Epistemology

Author : Michael Hannon
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000371921
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Political Epistemology by : Michael Hannon

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Political Epistemology written by Michael Hannon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As political discourse had been saturated with the ideas of "post-truth", "fake news", "epistemic bubbles", and "truth decay", it was no surprise that in 2017 The New Scientist declared: "Philosophers of knowledge, your time has come." Political epistemology has old roots, but is now one of the most rapidly growing and important areas of philosophy. The Routledge Handbook of Political Epistemology is an outstanding reference source to this exciting field, and the first collection of its kind. Comprising 41 chapters by an international team of contributors, it is divided into seven parts: Politics and truth: historical and contemporary perspectives Political disagreement and polarization Fake news, propaganda, and misinformation Ignorance and irrationality in politics Epistemic virtues and vices in politics Democracy and epistemology Trust, expertise, and doubt. Within these sections crucial issues and debates are examined, including: post-truth, disagreement and relativism, epistemic networks, fake news, echo chambers, propaganda, ignorance, irrationality, political polarization, virtues and vices in public debate, epistocracy, expertise, misinformation, trust, and digital democracy, as well as the views of Plato, Aristotle, Mòzǐ, medieval Islamic philosophers, Mill, Arendt, and Rawls on truth and politics. The Routledge Handbook of Political Epistemology is essential reading for those studying political philosophy, applied and social epistemology, and politics. It is also a valuable resource for those in related disciplines such as international relations, law, political psychology, political science, communication studies, and journalism.

Multi-Party Dispute Resolution, Democracy and Decision-Making

Author : Carrie Menkel-Meadow
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351916521
Total Pages : 602 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis Multi-Party Dispute Resolution, Democracy and Decision-Making by : Carrie Menkel-Meadow

Download or read book Multi-Party Dispute Resolution, Democracy and Decision-Making written by Carrie Menkel-Meadow and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The articles selected for this volume draw on game theory, political science, psychology, sociology and anthropology to consider how the process of dispute resolution is altered, challenged and made more complex by the presence of multiple parties and/or multiple issues. The volume explores issues of coalition formation, defection, collaboration, commitments, voting practices, and joint decision making in settings of increasing human complexity. Also included are examples of concrete uses of deliberative democracy processes taken from new applications of complex dispute resolution theory and practice. The selected essays represent the latest theoretical advances and challenges in the field and demonstrate attempts to use dispute resolution theory in a wide variety of settings such as political decision making and policy formation; regulatory matters; environmental disputes; healthcare; community disputes; constitutional formation; and in many other controversial issues in the polity.

The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Information

Author : Luciano Floridi
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317633490
Total Pages : 447 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Information by : Luciano Floridi

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Information written by Luciano Floridi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-17 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information and communication technology occupies a central place in the modern world, with society becoming increasingly dependent on it every day. It is therefore unsurprising that it has become a growing subject area in contemporary philosophy, which relies heavily on informational concepts. The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Information is an outstanding reference source to the key topics and debates in this exciting subject and is the first collection of its kind. Comprising over thirty chapters by a team of international contributors the Handbook is divided into four parts: basic ideas quantitative and formal aspects natural and physical aspects human and semantic aspects. Within these sections central issues are examined, including probability, the logic of information, informational metaphysics, the philosophy of data and evidence, and the epistemic value of information. The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Information is essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy, computer science and communication studies.

The Way Out

Author : Peter T. Coleman
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231552157
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis The Way Out by : Peter T. Coleman

Download or read book The Way Out written by Peter T. Coleman and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The partisan divide in the United States has widened to a chasm. Legislators vote along party lines and rarely cross the aisle. Political polarization is personal, too—and it is making us miserable. Surveys show that Americans have become more fearful and hateful of supporters of the opposing political party and imagine that they hold much more extreme views than they actually do. We have cordoned ourselves off: we prefer to date and marry those with similar opinions and are less willing to spend time with people on the other side. How can we loosen the grip of this toxic polarization and start working on our most pressing problems? The Way Out offers an escape from this morass. The social psychologist Peter T. Coleman explores how conflict resolution and complexity science provide guidance for dealing with seemingly intractable political differences. Deploying the concept of attractors in dynamical systems, he explains why we are stuck in this rut as well as the unexpected ways that deeply rooted oppositions can and do change. Coleman meticulously details principles and practices for navigating and healing the difficult divides in our homes, workplaces, and communities, blending compelling personal accounts from his years of working on entrenched conflicts with lessons from leading-edge research. The Way Out is a vital and timely guide to breaking free from the cycle of mutual contempt in order to better our lives, relationships, and country.