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The North Caucasus Minorities At A Crossroads
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Book Synopsis The North Caucasus: Minorities at a Crossroads by : Helen Liesl Krag
Download or read book The North Caucasus: Minorities at a Crossroads written by Helen Liesl Krag and published by Minority Rights Group. This book was released on 1994-12-14 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The North Caucasus region stretches along the high peaks of the Caucasian mountains from the shores of the Black Sea in the north west to the coast of the Caspian Sea in the south east. For centuries it has represented the literal and symbolic frontier between Europe and Asia. Today the region forms part of the Russian Federation, bordering Georgia and Azerbaijan. Following the breakup of the USSR, the North Caucasus has become a border region of renewed geopolitical interest.This is one of Europe’s most ethnically diverse regions, and is home to over 40 distinct ethnic groups. As the peoples of the North Caucasus seek to redefine their identities in the current political arrangements, a multitude of latent and manifest conflicts have emerged. In The North Caucasus: Minorities at a Crossroads, Dr Helen Krag and Lars Funch give an overview of the region’s history, the peoples of the North Caucasus, and the claims and conflicts – past and present. This report is one of the first publications to examine the North Caucasus and its peoples in depth, alerting the public and governments to a potentially volatile situation and suggesting ideas for possible action. Please note that the terminology in the fields of minority rights and indigenous peoples’ rights has changed over time. MRG strives to reflect these changes as well as respect the right to self-identification on the part of minorities and indigenous peoples. At the same time, after over 50 years’ work, we know that our archive is of considerable interest to activists and researchers. Therefore, we make available as much of our back catalogue as possible, while being aware that the language used may not reflect current thinking on these issues.
Book Synopsis The North Caucasus by : Helen Liesl Krag
Download or read book The North Caucasus written by Helen Liesl Krag and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Helen Krag and Lars Funch give an overview of the region's history, the peoples of the North Caucasus, and the claims and conflicts--past and present. this report is one of the first publications to examine the North Caucasus and its peoples in depth, alerting the public and governments to a potentially volatile situation and suggesting ideas for possible action."--Page [4] of cover.
Book Synopsis Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization by : Mary Kate Simmons
Download or read book Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization written by Mary Kate Simmons and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-11-27 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published for the first time, the UNPO Yearbook provides extensive information about the nations, peoples and minorities who are members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO). The UNPO was founded in 1991 to provide a platform for those peoples and minorities who could not otherwise address the international community in its main assemblies such as the United Nations. The mission of UNPO is to assist these peoples to advance their interests effectively through non-violent means, including diplomacy, use of the United Nations and other international procedures for the protection of human rights, developing public opinion and other action-oriented strategies, and exploring legal options to defend their rights. The Yearbook gives a detailed overview of the 1995 activities of UNPO, a review of the position of UNPO members and supporting members, a selection of key documents and the 1995 mission reports. The UNPO Yearbook is unique as it is the only publication which gives access to the material of the UNPO, which currently comprises forty-eight members representing over a hundred million people. It will be published annually to provide a permanent record of all the changes and developments relating to UNPO and to the activities of its members.
Book Synopsis The Caspian Region, Volume 2 by : Moshe Gammer
Download or read book The Caspian Region, Volume 2 written by Moshe Gammer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-06-25 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Caspian Region, Volume 2 - together with Volume 1 - offers new issues and approaches to give readers a fuller understanding of this part of the world, as well as correcting some erroneous notions.
Book Synopsis Small Nations and Great Powers by : Svante Cornell
Download or read book Small Nations and Great Powers written by Svante Cornell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-06-28 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough in-depth analysis of the current and potential conflicts in the Caucasus, including the geographical, historical and ethno- linguistic framework of the Caucasus, the individual conflicts and the place of the Caucasus in world affairs.
Download or read book Dagestan written by Robert Ware and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Like other majority Muslim regions of the former Soviet Union, the republic of Dagestan, on Russia's southern frontier, has become contested territory in a hegemonic competition between Moscow and resurgent Islam. In this authoritative book the leading experts on Dagestan provide a path breaking study of this volatile state far from the world's gaze. The largest and most populous of the North Caucasian republics, bordered on the west by Chechnya and on the east by the Caspian Sea, Dagastan is almost completely mountainous. With no majority nationality, the republic developed a distinctive system of calibrated power relations among ethnic groups and with Moscow, a system that has been undermined by the spillover of the wars in Chechnya, Wahhabi and Islamist recruiting efforts targeting youth, and Moscow's reassertion of the 'power vertical'. Underdevelopment, high birthrates, transiting pipelines, and the rising incidence of terrorist violence and assassinations add to the explosive potential of the region. Authors Ware and Kisriev combine analysis of the dynamics of domination and resistance, and the distinctive forms of social organization characteristic of mountain societies that may be applicable to other areas such as Afghanistan. They draw on decades of field research, interviews, and data to offer unique perspective on the civilizational collision course under way in the Caucasus today.
Book Synopsis World Directory of Minorities by : Bridget Anderson
Download or read book World Directory of Minorities written by Bridget Anderson and published by Minority Rights Group. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 857 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is the first version of the World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples, published in 1997. The full Directory is now available and continually updated on our website. The large majority of violent conflicts in the world today are conflicts within states, with groups polarized across ethnic and religious divides and not across borders. Ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities are often among the poorest of the poor, suffer discrimination and are frequently the victims of human rights abuses. Time and time again in the past, the United Nations system, governments and even non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working in the field of ‘conflict prevention’ have failed to promote the human rights of minorities or to take early action to promote cooperation between communities. Early action may have prevented the loss of millions of lives in many countries, ranging from Rwanda to the former Yugoslavia, and from Sri Lanka to Guatemala. It is also significant that the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the Dalai Lama in 1989 and to Jose´ Ramos-Horta and Bishop Carlos Belo in1996 as a result of their peaceful campaigns to promote the rights of their people. The situation of minorities is, then, a matter of major concern, and it is essential that accurate, objective and up-to-date information is made available. This Directory contributes to that process. It is difficult to assess accurately what proportion of the world’s population identify themselves as belonging to minority communities. Conservative estimates place this above 10 per cent, and some suggest that more than 20 per cent of the world’s population belongs to several thousand different minority groups and subgroups. National statistics are often skewed for political reasons, and there is no universally accepted definition of ‘minorities’. The word has different interpretations in different societies throughout the world, while the United Nations General Assembly has not sought to reach a definition beyond that implied in the title of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Persons belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities adopted in December 1992. Minority Rights Group focuses its work on non-dominant ethnic, religious and linguistic communities, whether or not they are numerical minorities. The concept thus relates to any self-identified community that is marginalized, without power, unable to take decisions over its destiny and often experiencing high levels of illiteracy, under-education and overt or covert discrimination. The basic rights of such communities need protection and promotion. There is, however, a danger of generalizing about minorities and forgetting the complexity of their social composition, including the rural poor, urban migrants, older people, women and children. These groups may be considered as doubly vulnerable. What makes their situation particularly problematic is that there is often a deliberate political policy on the part of majorities and states not to give due regard to the legitimate interests of minorities, while members of minorities see their identity as central to their social and economic situation. They are often excluded from political power and decision-making in the development process, without equal opportunities to secure a better quality of life. One further danger may lie in regarding ethnicities as fixed, rather than as the potentially fluid phenomena that they often are. ‘Situational ethnicity’ does occur, and individuals and groups do modify their self-identifications depending on circumstances. Please note that the terminology in the fields of minority rights and indigenous peoples’ rights has changed over time. MRG strives to reflect these changes as well as respect the right to self-identification on the part of minorities and indigenous peoples. At the same time, after over 50 years’ work, we know that our archive is of considerable interest to activists and researchers. Therefore, we make available as much of our back catalogue as possible, while being aware that the language used may not reflect current thinking on these issues.
Book Synopsis Publications Combined: Russia's Regular And Special Forces In The Regional And Global War On Terror by :
Download or read book Publications Combined: Russia's Regular And Special Forces In The Regional And Global War On Terror written by and published by Jeffrey Frank Jones. This book was released on with total page 2427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 2,400 total pages ... Russian outrage following the September 2004 hostage disaster at North Ossetia’s Beslan Middle School No.1 was reflected in many ways throughout the country. The 52-hour debacle resulted in the death of some 344 civilians, including more than 170 children, in addition to unprecedented losses of elite Russian security forces and the dispatch of most Chechen/allied hostage-takers themselves. It quickly became clear, as well, that Russian authorities had been less than candid about the number of hostages held and the extent to which they were prepared to deal with the situation. Amid grief, calls for retaliation, and demands for reform, one of the more telling reactions in terms of hardening public perspectives appeared in a national poll taken several days after the event. Some 54% of citizens polled specifically judged the Russian security forces and the police to be corrupt and thus complicit in the failure to deal adequately with terrorism, while 44% thought that no lessons for the future would be learned from the tragedy. This pessimism was the consequence not just of the Beslan terrorism, but the accumulation of years of often spectacular failures by Russian special operations forces (SOF, in the apt US military acronym). A series of Russian SOF counterterrorism mishaps, misjudgments, and failures in the 1990s and continuing to the present have made the Kremlin’s special operations establishment in 2005 appear much like Russia’s old Mir space station—wired together, unpredictable, and subject to sudden, startling failures. But Russia continued to maintain and expand a large, variegated special operations establishment which had borne the brunt of combat actions in Afghanistan, Chechnya, and other trouble spots, and was expected to serve as the nation’s principal shield against terrorism in all its forms. Known since Soviet days for tough personnel, personal bravery, demanding training, and a certain rough or brutal competence that not infrequently violated international human rights norms, it was supposed that Russian special operations forces—steeped in their world of “threats to the state” and associated with once-dreaded military and national intelligence services—could make valuable contributions to countering terrorism. The now widely perceived link between “corrupt” special forces on the one hand, and counterterrorism failures on the other, reflected the further erosion of Russia’s national security infrastructure in the eyes of both Russian citizens and international observers. There have been other, more ambiguous, but equally unsettling dimensions of Russian SOF activity as well, that have strong internal and external political aspects. These constitute the continuing assertions from Russian media, the judicial system, and other Federal agencies and officials that past and current members of the SOF establishment have organized to pursue interests other than those publicly declared by the state or allowed under law. This includes especially the alleged intent to punish by assassination those individuals and groups that they believe have betrayed Russia. The murky nature of these alleged activities has formed a backdrop to other problems in the special units.
Book Synopsis The Caucasus - An Introduction by : Frederik Coene
Download or read book The Caucasus - An Introduction written by Frederik Coene and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-10-16 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Caucasus is one of the most complicated regions in the world: with many different peoples and political units, differing religious allegiances, and frequent conflicts, and where historically major world powers have clashed with each other. Until now there has been no single book for those wishing to learn about this complex region. This book fills the gap, providing a clear, comprehensive introduction to the Caucasus, which is suitable for all readers. It covers the geography; the historical development of the region; economics; politics and government; population; religion and society; culture and traditions; alongside its conflicts and international relations. Written throughout in an accessible style, it requires no prior knowledge of the Caucasus. The book will be invaluable for those researching specific issues, as well as for readers needing a thorough introduction to the region.
Book Synopsis On Ruins of Empire by : George Mirsky
Download or read book On Ruins of Empire written by George Mirsky and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 1997-01-21 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study, sponsored by the MacArthur Foundation and the London School of Economics and Political Science, analyzes the ethnopolitical situation in Russia and the other republics of the former Soviet Union, particularly the southern tier states. Respected Russian scholar Georgiy Mirsky provides an insider's look at the historical nature of the Russian and Soviet empires, the development of ethnic and nationalistic identities within those empires, and the present-day situation with regard to hot and cold ethnic conflicts within and around Russia. This important work will be of interest to scholars and policymakers in comparative politics, international relations, and Russian and Slavic studies.
Book Synopsis Democracy and Pluralism in Muslim Eurasia by : Yaacov Ro'i
Download or read book Democracy and Pluralism in Muslim Eurasia written by Yaacov Ro'i and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-11-23 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to the study and analysis of the prospects for democracy among the Muslim ethnicities of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), both those that have acquired full independence and those remaining within the Russian Federation. The nineteen Western academics and scholars from the Muslim countries and regions of the CIS who contribute to this volume view the establishment of democratic institutions in this region in the context of a wide and complex range of influences, above all the Russian/Soviet political legacy; native ethnic political culture and tradition; the Islamic faith; and the growing polarity between Western civilization and the Muslim world.
Book Synopsis Allah's Mountains by : Sebastian Smith
Download or read book Allah's Mountains written by Sebastian Smith and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2005-11-25 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ancient travellers called the Caucasus the mountain of languages. Greeks, Persians, Romans, Goths, Arabs, Mongols and Turks have all passed through the region; poets and artists have been inspired by its rugged beauty and yet its history is a tragic one - for centuries it has been ravaged by virtually continuous war. Every 50 years, it seems, Russia attempts to take control of this hugely strategic part of the world - sandwiched as it is between Iran, Turkey and Russia and crossed by some of the most valuable oil pipelines in the world. The latest conflict to sweep across the area began when Vladimir Putin invaded Chechnya in 1999. Thousands of Russian soldiers and thousands more Chechens - both rebels and civilians - died and Chechnya's towns and cities were bombed beyond recognition. Sebastian Smith travelled to Chechnya during this period. A mixture of travelogue, history and war journalism, Allah's Mountains tells the story of the conflict between this nation of mountain tribes and the might of the Russian army. A moving example of how history can be written. Smith's account of the historical background to the conflict reads like a novel, but better, because it also has the intimacy and immediacy of an eyewitness account. He has given us a memorable, well-researched account of a peculiarly horrible war. - Literary Review This is a riveting book, written with almost seemless elegance. - International Affairs
Book Synopsis Oil, Islam, and Conflict by : Rob Johnson
Download or read book Oil, Islam, and Conflict written by Rob Johnson and published by Reaktion Books. This book was released on 2007-10-15 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Taliban is resurgent in Afghanistan while Chechnya still struggles under a shadow of violence, and the nations surrounding them are barely more stable. Add in the significant reserves scattered throughout Central Asia and you have a volatile political cocktail that makes the region, in Rob Johnson’s words, the “new Middle East.” In Oil, Islam and Conflict, Johnson provides an essential analysis of the region’s tumultuous history and uncertain future. Johnson examines the problems that have plagued the region, including civil wars in Afghanistan and Tajikistan and burgeoning Islamist terrorist movements in several nations. He explains the complex role played by narcotics, ethnic tensions, and the potential wealth from oil and gas reserves in the region’s political maneuverings, and delineates the complex links between civil violence and the policies of Central Asian governments on such crucial issues as human rights, economic development and energy. A timely investigation, Oil, Islam and Conflict will be required reading for all those invested in the threat of terrorism and the future of energy security.
Book Synopsis One Europe, Many Nations by : James B. Minahan
Download or read book One Europe, Many Nations written by James B. Minahan and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2000-07-30 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dominating world politics since 1945, the Cold War created a fragile peace while suppressing national groups in the Cold War's most dangerous theater—Europe. Today, with the collapse of Communism, the European Continent is again overshadowed by the specter of radical nationalism, as it was at the beginning of the century. Focusing on the many possible conflicts that dot the European landscape, this book is the first to address the Europeans as distinct national groups, not as nation-states and national minorities. It is an essential guide to the national groups populating the so-called Old World-groups that continue to dominate world headlines and present the world community with some of its most intractable conflicts. While other recent reference books on Europe approach the subject of nations and nationalism from the perspective of the European Union and the nation-state, this book addresses the post-Cold War nationalist resurgence by focusing on the most basic element of any nationalism—the nation. It includes entries on nearly 150 groups, surveying these groups from the earliest period of their national histories to the dawn of the 21st century. In short essays highlighting the political, social, economic, and historical evolution of peoples claiming a distinct identity in an increasingly integrated continent, the book provides both up-to-date information and historical background on the European national groups that are currently making the news and those that will produce future headlines.
Book Synopsis The Sochi Predicament by : Bo Petersson
Download or read book The Sochi Predicament written by Bo Petersson and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2013-11-25 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a variety of political, climatic, ecological, security-related and other reasons, the Russian summer resort of Sochi by the Black Sea would seem a most unlikely candidate for the Olympic Winter Games. Despite this, the Games will be held there in February 2014, and the Russian leaders regard the Games as a highly prestigious project underlining Russia’s return to a status of great power in the contemporary world. This book conducts a thorough inventory of the contexts, characteristics and challenges facing the Sochi Games. It deals with the problems from Russian, Georgian, Abkhazian and Circassian perspectives and makes in-depth analyses of profound challenges related to matters such as identity, security, and ethnic relations. The book brings together an international group of eminent scholars representing different disciplinary perspectives, including political science, sports science, ethics, ethnology, and Caucasian studies.
Book Synopsis The North Caucasus by : Anna Matveeva
Download or read book The North Caucasus written by Anna Matveeva and published by Chatham House (Formerly Riia). This book was released on 1999 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the political and economic development of the ethnic republics of the North Caucasus in post-communist Russia and the prospects for greater stability in the region, including the resolution of existing conflicts. It assesses the main dilemmas for regional leaders and their policy responses. The author studies the dynamics within the region overall, between the republics of the Russian Federation and the Caucasus states, as well as the main tendencies in relations between these republics and the Russian federal authorities. The implications for security and the prospects for economic cooperation are emphasized. Central Asian and Caucasian Prospects Series
Book Synopsis The Forsaken People by : Roberta Cohen
Download or read book The Forsaken People written by Roberta Cohen and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The coerced displacement of people within the borders of their own countries by armed conflicts, internal strife, and systematic violations of human rights has become a pervasive feature of the post Cold War era. The plight of the displaced poses a challenge that is not only humanitarian but a threat to the security and stability of countries, regions, and, through a chain effect, the international system. This book contains case studies of ten countries that have suffered severe problems of internal displacement: Burundi, Rwanda, Liberia, and the Sudan in Africa; the former Yugoslavia and the Caucasus in Europe; Tajikistan and Sri Lanka in Asia; and Colombia and Peru in the Americas. The contributors are Thomas Greene, Randolph C. Kent, Jennifer McLean, Larry Minear, Liliana Obregón, Amir Pasic, Hiram A. Ruiz, Colin Scott, H.L. Seneviratne, Maria Stavropoulou, and Thomas G. Weiss. Additionally, the contributors and editors offer recommendations for further action.
